【英语】2018届二轮复习连词和状语从句考点学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习连词和状语从句考点学案

连词和状语从句 纵观历届高考试题，状语从句一直是考查的热点语法项目之一。高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在对连词的选择以及时态的正确使用。因此，弄清连词的意思，根据语境选用合适的连词，注意主从句时态的呼应是解题的关键。通过研读近几年高考试题，可以发现高考命题人对状语从句的以下十大考点特别青睐。‎ 一、考查时间状语从句 ‎1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until（till）, since, as soon as等。‎ ‎【考例】 We need to get to the root of the problem ______ we can solve it.（2016天津卷）‎ A. while B. after C. before D. as ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意为：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。while意为“当……时候”； after意为“在……之后”；before意为 “在……之前”；as意为“当……时；由于；正如”。根据句意可知应选C项。‎ ‎【考例】 He smiled politely ____ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.（2016浙江卷）‎ A. as B. if C. unless D. though ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：当玛丽为她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。四个选项均为连词。if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句；though意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“（正当）……的时候”、“随着……”、“一边……一边……”等，故只有as符合题意。‎ ‎【考例】 John thinks it won't be long ____ he is ready for his new job.（2016陕西卷）‎ A. when B. after C. before D. since ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 所填连词引导时间状语从句，构成It（will）be +时间段+before状语从句，意为“不久，很快……”故选C项。句意为：约翰认为他很快就会为他的新工作做好准备的。‎ ‎【考例】 — I wonder how much you charge for your services.‎ ‎— The first two are free ____ the third costs $30.（2016安徽卷）‎ A. while B. until C. when D. before ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 while在此用作并列连词，意为“而”，表示对比。‎ ‎2. 名词词组也可以引导时间状语从句。常见的用作连词的名词词组有the moment / minute / instant, every time, any time, next time, the first / last time等。‎ ‎【考例】 — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?‎ ‎— Yes. I gave it to her ____ I saw her.（2001上海春季卷）‎ A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 the moment意思是“一……就……”，在此引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎3. immediately, instantly, directly等也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。例如：‎ The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进了房间。‎ I recognized her instantly I saw her. 我一见到她就把她认出来了。‎ 二、考查原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, since, as, now that, considering that, seeing that等。‎ ‎【考例】 —Coach, can I continue with the training?‎ ‎—Sorry, you can't ____ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.（2016重庆卷）‎ A. until B. before C. as D. unless ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意为：——教练，我能够继续训练吗？——抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖的伤还没有恢复。分析题意可知，空格前后有明显的因果关系，故选C项，as可表示原因，引导原因状语从句。而A 项until、B项before和D项unless都需要空格后使用肯定才能与空格前的you can't相符合。‎ 三、考查地点状语从句 表示地点的状语从句可由从属连词where, wherever引导。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.（2016安徽卷）‎ A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：在他曾经想放弃的地方，现在他有决心深入推进，继续前行。where意为“在……的地方”；as意为“当……时；由于；正如”；in case意为“以防，万一”；now that意为“既然，由于”。根据句意可知，应该选择where引导地点状语从句。‎ ‎【考例】 Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ____the bus had dropped her.（2016重庆卷）‎ A. until B. when C. although D. where ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 句意为：半小时以后，露西仍未能从她下公交车的地方打到出租车。本题中的where引导的是一个地点状语从句。A、B项通常引导时间状语从句，C项通常引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知D项正确。‎ 四、考查目的状语从句 表示目的的状语从句可由（so） that, in order that, in case, for fear that等引导。‎ ‎【考例】 Leave your key with your neighbor ____ you lock yourself out one day.（2016辽宁卷）‎ A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意为：把钥匙留给邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在门外。in case意思是“以防（万一）”。as long as意为“只要”；even though意为“即使，尽管”；as if意为“似乎，好像”，都不符合句意。‎ ‎【考例】 He had his camera ready ____ he saw something that would make a good picture.（2016山东卷）‎ A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 考查状语从句中连词的用法。前半句的意思是“他准备好相机”，后半句意为“看到可以拍成漂亮照片的事物”，表示目的。even if引导让步状语从句，if only引导条件状语从句，in case（以免，以防）既能引导条件句又能引导目的状语从句，so that 可以引导结果状语从句，也可以引导目的状语从句，但它引导目的状语从句时，常搭配情态动词，故排除。所以答案为C。句意为：他准备好了相机，以便看到可以拍成漂亮照片的事物（可以随时拍下来）。‎ 五、考查结果状语从句 表示结果的状语从句可由so that, so / such... that... 等引导。‎ ‎【考例】 Pop music is such an important part of society ____ it has even influenced our language. （2016上海卷）‎ A. as B. that C. which D. where ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：流行音乐是社会中如此重要的一部分，甚至会影响到我们的语言。such...that... 意思是“如此……以至于……”。‎ 六、考查条件状语从句 表示条件的状语从句可由连词if, once, so / as long as, as / so far as, unless, suppose / supposing, providing / provided（that）等引导。‎ ‎【考例】 You won't find paper cutting difficult ____ you keep practicing it.（2016北京卷）‎ A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. ever since ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。even if意为“即使，虽然”；as long as意为“只要“；as if意为“似乎，好像”；ever since意为“自从”。结合句意可知选择B项。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.（2016天津卷）‎ A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 句意为：一旦你开始以一种更健康的方式吃饭，控制体重就会变得更加容易。Unless 意为“除非；如果不”；although 意为“尽管”；before 意为“在……之前”；once 意为“一旦；曾经”。本句为条件状语从句，根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【考例】 You may use the room as you like ____ you clean it up afterwards.（2016北京卷）‎ A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为“只要你用后打扫干净，你可以随意使用这个房间”。‎ ‎【考例】You won't find paper cutting difficult ______ you keep practicing it.（2016北京卷）‎ A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. ever since ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。even if意为“即使，虽然”；as long as意为“只要“；as if“似乎，好像”；ever since“自从”。结合句意可知选择B项。‎ 七、考查让步状语从句 ‎1. 由从属连词though / although, even if / even though引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.（2016安徽卷）‎ A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意为：虽然科学家们已经了解到很多关于宇宙的知识，但是仍然有很多我们未知的东西。once意为“一旦”，表示条件；since意为“因为；既然；自从……以来”；though意为“虽然”，表示让步；unless意为“除非……，否则……”，表示条件。根据句意可知应该选择引导让步状语从句的though。‎ ‎【考例】 I don't really like the author, ____ I have to admit his books are very exciting.（2016山东卷）‎ A. although B. unless C. until D. once ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 前一句意为“我并非真正喜欢这个作者”，后一句意为“我不得不承认他的书很有趣”，这两个句子之间是让步关系，因此选although，意思是“尽管”。‎ ‎2. 由连词whether / no matter whether引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎【考例】 — Dad, I've finished my assignment.‎ ‎— Good, and ____ you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me.（2003上海卷）‎ A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 根据题干出现的可供选择的两个动作play和watch TV可判断出应选whether。‎ ‎3. 由no matter + wh-或wh- + ever引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. （2016上海春季卷）‎ A. However the weather is like B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 句意为：不管明天天气如何，我们的船都要驶向澳门。be like后缺少表语，应使用whatever引导状语从句。‎ ‎【考例】 He tried his best to solve the problem, ____ difficult it was.（2005天津卷）‎ A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 however意为“不管……”，构成“however + adj. / adv. +主语+谓语”句式。选项B后面少了how；选项C中whatever是连接代词，单独使用或后跟名词；although虽然可以引导让步状语从句，但不构成倒装。‎ ‎4. as引导让步状语从句时，要把表语、状语（副词）或动词放到主语之前。‎ ‎【考例】 Hot ____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.（2016陕西卷）‎ A. although B. as C. while D. however ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：尽管夜晚空气燥热，我们仍然睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后我们非常疲乏。根据句意可知，空格处所填单词表示“尽管”之意，且引导让步状语从句，由此排除D项；另外，分析句式可以看出，让步状语从句中表语hot被提至句首，而although, while引导的让步状语从句不倒装，故排除A、C两项；however虽然也可以引导让步状语从句，但它所修饰的部分也不能倒装至其前。as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，即把作表语的形容词或名词、修饰动词的副词或情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。‎ 八、考查比较状语从句 表示比较关系的状语从句常由than或as引导，通常采用省略句的形式。‎ ‎【考例】 He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ____ a native speaker.（2004上海卷）‎ A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 but并列句是省略说法，完整的句子应是 but of course he doesn't speak so fluently as a native speaker speaks.‎ 九、考查方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as, as if, as though, just as, much as等。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.（2016浙江卷）‎ A. Just as B. Even though C. Until D. Unless ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：正如一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子也能够改变一个段落的意思。just as意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句；even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；until意为“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句；unless意为“除非……，否则……”，引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知应该选择引导方式状语从句的just as。‎ 十、考查“连词+分词”的省略用法 分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since, when, while, whenever, no matter how, once, until, if等之后，可以看作状语从句中的省略现象。‎ ‎【考例】 It is so cold that you can't go outside ____ fully covered in thick clothes.（2016江苏卷）‎ A. if B. unless C. once D. when ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：天太冷了，你不能出去，除非穿厚厚的衣服，捂得严严实实的。A项意为“如果”；B项意为“除非”；C项意为“一旦”；D项意为“当……时候”。根据句意应该选择unless表示条件。“unless fully covered”为“连词+分词”的省略结构，补充完整为“unless you are fully covered”。故选B项。‎ ‎【考例】 Every evening after dinner, if not ____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.（2016湖南卷）‎ A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 条件状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，并且含有be的形式，因此使用了省略的说法，补全后的状语从句为If I am not tired from work。‎ ‎【考例】 When ____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（2016浙江卷）‎ A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 此题非谓语动词的逻辑主语是we, compare是逻辑主语we主动发出的动作，应使用表示主动意义的现在分词。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. They held a meeting ____ they could hear everyone's ideas.‎ A. even if B. until C. while D. so that ‎2. We won't give up ____ we shall fail ten times.‎ A. even if B. since C. whether D. until ‎3. ____ you read the instructions, you won't know what to do with this machine.‎ A. Even B. Unless C. Whatever D. Whenever ‎4. After the war, a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre.‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎5. We have decided to build another middle school in the city, ____ difficulties we may ‎ have.‎ A. how B. however C. whatever D. whichever ‎6. I couldn't learn English well ____ he gave me some good advice.‎ A. until B. as if C. since D. if ‎7. We were about to go back for class again ____ the headmaster called us together.‎ A. while B. as C. when D. then ‎8. Remember to send me a photo of your son ____ you write to me.‎ A. by the time B. next time C. immediately D. as ‎9. Children are always told to do everything ____ their parents or teachers do.‎ A. when B. what C. which D. as ‎10. I was worried when the motor suddenly stopped working, especially ____ no one was ‎ in sight in the dark street.‎ A. that B. during C. if D. as ‎11. Why do you want a new job ____ you've got such a good job?‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎12. ____ you don't lose heart, I'm sure you can pass the coming end-of-term examination.‎ A. As long as B. Unless C. If not D. Because of ‎13. ____, her pronunciation is not good.‎ A. As she speaks fluently B. Speaks fluently as she C. She speaks fluently as she D. Fluently as she speaks ‎14. It is difficult for any of us to eat better, exercise more and sleep enough, ____we know ‎ we should.‎ A. because B. even though C. as if D. unless ‎15. He made a mistake, but then he corrected it ____ the situation got worse.‎ A. until B. when C. before D. as ‎16. — Did you tell Holmes about what happened to the train?‎ ‎— No, I didn't. He had rushed off towards the station ____ I could say anything more.‎ A. before B. until C. when D. as ‎17. The French football team, the last champion of the world cup, suffered such a defeat ‎ ‎____ the whole world felt greatly shocked.‎ A. that B. as C. after D. though ‎18. He was unable to make such progress, ____.‎ A. as he tried hard B. as hard he tried C. so hard did he try D. hard as he tried ‎19. — Was his father strict with him when he was at school?‎ ‎— Yes. He had never praised him ____ he became one of the top students in his grade.‎ A. after B. unless C. until D. when ‎20. Kids talk frequently about what they can do, ____ many adults do the opposite, ‎ tending to talk about what they can't and why.‎ A. and B. so C. for D. while ‎21. ____, the car stopped all at once.‎ A. Seeing a boy lying on the ground B. On seeing a boy sitting on the road C. The driver saw a boy standing on the road ‎ D. The minute the driver saw a boy seated on the road ‎22. An opportunity is something that, ____, by no means will you get it back.‎ A. if you lose B. when lose C. once lost D. after losing ‎23. — ____ she can't find her keys?‎ ‎— She'll be locked out all night.‎ ‎— You're right. I'd better call her to check if she's OK.‎ A. What about B. What with C. What if D. What for ‎24. The little boy was allowed to go swimming ____ he kept near the other boys.‎ A. on condition that B. in case C. now that D. by the time ‎25. How can they learn much ____ they spend so much time hanging out?‎ A. although B. when C. till D. until ‎26. These stories expressed the same idea that all individuals, ____ poor, were capable of ‎ becoming wealthy ____ they were hardworking and honest.‎ A. however; ever since B. no matter how; so long as C. whatever; in order that D. no matter what; as long as ‎27. ____ we can't get the necessary equipment, what would we do?‎ A. Think B. Guess C. Suppose D. Figure ‎28. It is rather difficult to make friends with him, but his friendship, ____, is more true ‎ than any other's.‎ A. once gained B. when to gain C. after gaining D. while gaining ‎29. How long is it ____ we last spent the holiday in the country together?‎ A. until B. before C. since D. after ‎30. ____ you want to remember its usage, you'd better make a sentence with the new ‎ word.‎ A. Unless B. While C. Now that D. Even if 连词和状语从句考点答案 ‎1-5 DABBC　 6-10 ACBDD　 11-15 DADBC　‎ ‎16-20 AADCD　 21-25 DCCAB　 26-30 BCACC