高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题10定语从句即学巩固

高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题10定语从句即学巩固

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题 10 定语从句 〔即学巩固〕 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 导学号 58082866 1．(2015·天津，15 改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 解析：本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为 atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in＋先行词 atmosphere”还原回从句中成立，因此 答案为 where。 2．(2015·陕西，15 改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 解析：分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为 time。定语从句为空格后句子，缺少 时间状语，用 when 引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时 候。 3. (2015·安徽，28 改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词 upon 的后面作宾语，故用关系代 词且指代先行词 the fundamental skill，因此用 which。 4．(2015·湖南，29 改编)It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 解析：此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系 代词 which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和 100 年 前看起来是一模一样的。 5．(2015·四川，3 改编)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the books， 和 covers 之间存在所 有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根 据语境填 whose。 6．(2015·重庆，14 改编)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s. 解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 children's books，定语从句中 of 缺少宾 语，故填 which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在 20 世纪 90 年代出版的。 7．(2016·江西南昌高三联考)Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon, which calls for our great concern. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 解析：句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。我认为这是一个需要我们极大的关注的现 象。从句子结构分析可以看出，空白后面句子是一个非限制性定语从句，对前面句子进行补 充说明。 8．(2015·江苏，21 改编)The number of smokers, as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 解析：此句为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句。as 意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可 作主语、宾语或表语；as 在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报 道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了 17%。 9．Some passers－by witnessed the car accident where five passengers were killed, a baby included. 解析：句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处 引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。 10．“Spit－take” refers to an act where someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising. 解析：句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出 液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰 act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用 where 引导。 11．Cultural shock is a feeling which/that most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of their own. 解析：句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外 国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空 的先行词为 a feeling，且在从句中作 experience 的宾语，因此用 which/that 引导；第二 空的先行词为 a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。 12．Tibet is such a place as all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting. 解析：句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为 a place，其前有 such 修饰，引导词应用关系代词 as。 13．Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, where he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them. 解析：句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟 弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词 a small tool room，并在从句中 作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。 14．In 2014, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China as almost each person could benefit from 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 in life. 解析：句意为：在 2014 年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一 个人都能从中受益。先行词 policies 前有 such 修饰，且引导词作介词 from 的宾语，因此用 as 引导。 15．We expect you to become someone of whom we'll feel very proud in the future. 解析：句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of 意为“为…… 感到自豪”，引导词置于介词 of 后作宾语，且先行词为 someone，指人，故填 whom。 16．The movie Pompeii came out this February, which many people think brings a touching love story to the audience. 解析：句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令 人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the movie Pompeii，many people think 为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填 which。 17．Anyone who upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses. 解析：句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引 导定语从句，修饰先行词 anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用 that，故用 who 引导。 18．Then he waved his hand in the direction from which the woman had called. 解析：句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修 饰先行词 direction，且在从句中作介词 from 的宾语，故填 which。 19．Will you think of those individuals who/that have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life? 解析：句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺 少主语，先行词为指人的 individuals，故填 who 或 that。 20．On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm where we learnt to plant potatoes. 解析：句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。 设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。 Ⅱ.语法填空 导学号 58082867 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There was a time 1.when I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason 2.why my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.where I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide 4.whose teacher 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from 5.whom I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which we did. My father and the guide 7.who/that encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.which I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9.which I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.As our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.” Ⅲ.单句改错 导学号 58082868 1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office. 答案：it→which 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这 个句子内容的主语，所以要用 which。it 无连接作用，不引导定语从句。 2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift. 答案：that→as 或在 lift 后加 it 把该句看成 so...that...结构，可以在 lift 后加 it，把 that 引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成一个定语从句，此时，先行词 stone 前有 such，所以定语从句的引导词用 as，as 在从句中充当 lift 的宾语。故也可以把 that 改为 as。 3．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers. 答案：Which→As as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时的区别。as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as 从句位置比较灵活，置前、 置中或置后都可以，而 which 只能放在主句后面。其次，如果从句意思是“正如……，正 像……”时，就用 as。如果从句意思是“这一点，这”时，就用 which。总之，位置记住， 意思分清。 4．Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red? 答案：its→whose 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以用 whose 代替 its， its 无连接作用，不引导定语从句。 5．Tomb－Sweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead. 答案：in→on “介词＋关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。on Tomb－ Sweeping Day 在清明节。 6．Believe it or not, I don't like the way which he spoke to me. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 答案：which→that/删去 which/which 前加 in 先行词是 way，定语从句中缺状语时， 定语从句引导词可以是 that/in which 或者不加关系词。 7．(2016·桂林中学月考)Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down. 答案：that→which 逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词 car，故用 which。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 8．Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix? 答案：where→which/that situation 后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故 用 which/that。 9．She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress. 答案：whom→who/that girl 后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用 who/that。whom 是宾格，只能作宾语。 10．(2016·四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite. 答案：what→which/that 或删去 what dishes 后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语， 故用 which/that 或删去 what。what 不引导定语从句。