【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意典题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（17页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意典题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（17页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意典题10篇练与析 ‎【一】‎ Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen because they already know it all.I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.‎ I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot — and my boss — so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to: Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.‎ CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they're not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．‎ ‎56．What dose the author say about doctors in general?‎ A．They like flying by themselves.‎ B．They are unwilling to take advice.‎ C．They pretend to be good pilots.‎ D．They are quick learners of CRM.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，医生往往不喜欢听取建议，因为他们了解情况。‎ ‎57．The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when ________.‎ A．he saved the plane by speaking up B．he was in charge of a flying task C．his boss landed the plane too late D．his boss operated on a patient 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知，作者大胆提醒飞行员(主治医师)放下起落架，第一次感受到了大胆说出来的力量，且从此以后在手术室也这样做。‎ ‎58．In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ________.‎ A．following flying requirements B．overreacting to different opinions C．listening to what fellow doctors say D．making a mistake that may cost lives 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据句意“但是我希望，如果我继续鼓励他们，有人会在某一天阻止我犯‘将起落架升起来’这样严重的错误”可知，此处“landing gear up”借指所犯的可能会以生命为代价的错误。‎ ‎59．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．CRM：A New Way to Make Flying Safe B．Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C．The Making of a Good Pilot D．A PilotTurned Doctor 解析：选B　标题归纳题。作者将自己从飞行员职业经历中所获取的经验运用到行医生涯中，使自己善于倾听别人的建议，从而使自己成为了一名优秀的医生。故B项作为标题最为恰当。‎ ‎【二】‎ Does Fame Drive You Crazy?‎ Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today's stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world's attention.Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready.Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!‎ According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”‎ The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his soldout readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about filmstars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.‎ Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.‎ If fame is so troublesome, why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.‎ Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.‎ ‎63．It can be learned from the passage that stars today ________.‎ A．are often misunderstood by the public B．can no longer have their privacy protected C．spend too much on their public appearance D．care little about how they have come into fame 解析：选B　推理判断题。第一段的后半部分提到狗仔队驻扎在明星家附近伺机拍摄，小报散布有关他们私生活的耸人听闻的消息，还有无处不在的拍照和签名，由此可推测如今的明星毫无隐私可言。‎ ‎64．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired.‎ B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.‎ C．Wellknown actors are usually targets of tabloids.‎ D．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。本段的第一句是主题句，根据本句的内容可知，名人所面临的问题由来已久。‎ ‎65．What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?‎ A．Availability of modern media.‎ B．Inadequate social recognition.‎ C．Lack of favorable chances.‎ D．Huge population of fans.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。第四段的开头部分提到如今做一名公众人物比以往更加困难，再结合本段中的“modern cameras”和“the Internet”可知，之所以这样是因为现代化媒体在推波助澜。‎ ‎66．What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity?‎ A．Sincere.　　　　　　　 B．Sceptical.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.‎ 解析：选D　观点态度题。结合第一段中的“today's stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine”以及最后一段后两句中的内容可知，作者对现代名人满怀“同情”。‎ ‎【三】‎ Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.‎ For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement (限制) and have strong opinions about everything.‎ Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. ‎ But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.‎ That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.‎ We explored side roads，catching grasshoppers in waisthigh grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water，it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons (见识)．‎ ‎ We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.‎ ‎ I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.‎ Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey — and the best part of yourself.‎ 语篇解读：很多时候生活中的旅行需要快速直接地到达目的地，但有时候绕道而行也别有一番趣味。‎ ‎46．Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home?‎ A．It was less tiring.‎ B．It would be faster and safer.‎ C．Her kids would feel less confined.‎ D．She felt better with other drivers nearby.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement (限制) and have strong opinions about everything.”可知，作者认为对于带着四个孩子的她来说，走高速公路更快、更安全。故答案为B。‎ ‎47．The author stopped regularly on the country roads to ________.‎ A．relax in the fresh air B．take a deep breath C．take care of the lamb ‎ D．let the kids play with Banner 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.”可知，作者中途频繁停下来是为了让Banner下车活动，并给他吃些食物，故C项正确。‎ ‎48．What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6?‎ A．Freeways are where beauty hides. ‎ B．Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.‎ C．Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health.‎ D．One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第六段中的“it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons (见识)．”可推断出，作者在绕道的途中看到不少风景，得到很多乐趣，故B项正确。‎ ‎49．Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?‎ A．To give herself some time to read.‎ B．To order some food for them.‎ C．To play a game with them.‎ D．To let them cool down.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第八段第二句“On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling.”可推断出，由于孩子们争吵了起来，作者把孩子们赶下车，贴近大自然，这能让他们冷静下来，解决矛盾。故D项正确。‎ ‎50．What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Charm of the Detour ‎ B．The Road to Bravery ‎ C．Creativity out of Necessity ‎ D．Road Trip and Country Life 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据最后一段可知，作者意识到这次的绕道而行让他们体验到冒险游荡的感觉，得到了更多的乐趣，贴近最真实的自己，也带给了他们美的享受，故答案为A。‎ ‎【四】‎ It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weatherspeak.‎ Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.‎ Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but ‎ in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.‎ Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the English.Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weatherspeak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”．In other words, English weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.‎ 语篇解读：英国人见面就喜欢谈论天气，原因到底是什么呢？针对这个问题，不同的人有不同的观点。‎ ‎72．The author mentions Dr.Johnson's comment to show that ________.‎ A．most commentators agree with Dr.Johnson B．Dr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago D．English conversations usually start with the weather 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第一段第一句“It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.”可知，英国人喜欢以谈论天气来开始一段对话，而下文Dr.Johnson的话证明了这一点。‎ ‎73．What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?‎ A．A social trend.‎ B．An emotional state.‎ C．A historical concept.‎ D．An unknown phenomenon.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句中的“as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood”可知，英国的天气一点也不令人振奋，英国人对谈论天气的痴迷，让人很难理解。a social trend“一种社会趋势”； an emotional state“一种情绪状态”； a historical concept“一个历史概念”； an unknown phenomenon“‎ 一种未知的现象”。故选B。‎ ‎74．According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that ________.‎ A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather B．there is nothing special about the English weather C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段的第三句“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”可知答案为D。‎ ‎75．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To explain what English weatherspeak is about.‎ B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.‎ C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.‎ D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.‎ 解析：选A　写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了英国人经常以谈论天气作为谈话开始的原因。作者在文中列出了两个人对这一问题的误解，并在最后一段指出，英国人谈论天气是为了克服含蓄的天性，建立社交关系。因此A项正确。‎ ‎【五】‎ You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rainsensing umbrella.‎ The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp，” he said.‎ The Lampbrella is a standardlooking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a builtin electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ‎ ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.‎ In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.‎ According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.‎ While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.‎ 语篇解读：一次雨天的经历激发了Belyaev的灵感，他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞，使行人免遭雨淋。‎ ‎66．For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?‎ A．To predict a heavy rain.‎ B．To check the weather forecast.‎ C．To protect people from the rain.‎ D．To remind people to take an umbrella.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知，他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。‎ ‎67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?‎ A．His creation was inspired by an experience.‎ B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.‎ C．Street lamps are protected by canopies.‎ D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，Belyaev在俄罗斯的一次雨天的经历激发了他的灵感，发明了灯伞，所以选A。‎ ‎68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?‎ A．motor→canopy→sensors B．sensors→motor→canopy C．motor→sensors→canopy D．canopy→motor→sensors 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，传感器可以感知雨水的降落，然后灯伞里的电动马达就会把伞打开，由此可知其顺序为：传感器——马达——伞篷。‎ ‎69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?‎ A．Its moving speed. B．Its appearance.‎ C．Its installation. D．Its safety.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。第五段中提到几个关键词语：不会对行人造成伤害，使行人免遭雷击，离地面两米，这些都是安全方面的问题。‎ ‎70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.‎ B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.‎ C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.‎ D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Belyaev says ... insists his creation could be installed on any street”可知，他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街上，这表明他认为他的发明很实用。‎ ‎【六】‎ No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.‎ Let's take a man we'll call Mr.Fielder, for example.He did everything connected with ‎ farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops.At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.‎ ‎ Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowright.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr.Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.‎ How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.‎ Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read, they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.‎ A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.‎ A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily.It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality.His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.‎ 语篇解读：什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？让我们读文章去了解一下吧。‎ ‎41．What probably led to the start of advertising?‎ A．The discovery of iron. ‎ B．The specialization of labor.‎ C．The appearance of new jobs.‎ D．The development of farming techniques.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。从文章第一段中的“No one knows for sure ... did certain kinds of work better than others did them.”可知劳动力专业化促使广告的产生，故答案为B项。‎ ‎42．To advertise his plows, Mr.Plowright ________.‎ A．praised his plows in public B．placed a sign outside the shop C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop ‎ D．showed his products to the customers 解析：选B　细节理解题。从文章第四段中的“then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers”可知，Mr. Plowright放了一块指示牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B项。‎ ‎43．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order to ________.‎ A．explain the origin of advertising ‎ B．predict the future of advertising C．expose problems in advertising D．provide suggestions for advertising 解析：选A　推理判断题。从第五段中的“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs.”可知，作者举这两个例子是为了阐述广告的起源，所以答案选A项。‎ ‎44．In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who ________.‎ A．owned a ship B．had the loudest voice C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers D．functioned like today's TV or radio commercial ‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。从全文最后一段中的“His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.”可知，古代埃及的crier如同现在社会电视和广播中的商业广告。所以答案选D项。‎ ‎45．The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.‎ A．the history of advertising B．the benefits of advertising C．the early forms of advertising D．the basic design of advertising 解析：选C　段落大意题。从最后两段中的“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily.”可知，最后两段主要讨论了早期商业广告的形式，所以选C项。‎ ‎【七】‎ A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.‎ Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.‎ Alex Goldberg, the program's founder, said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.‎ ‎“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example, we've secured internships (实习) with worldfamous firms such as Honda.‎ ‎“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring, it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their schoolwork and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛)．‎ The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their ‎ 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I didn't quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn't stop, it was amazing，” he said, “We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”‎ The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.‎ Kieran said: “It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”‎ The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.‎ 语篇解读：这是一则新闻报道。本文介绍了一种新推行的导师计划。这种计划为Banbury的青年提供了改变命运的机会。‎ ‎71．The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to ________.‎ A．train staff for worldfamous firms B．offer job opportunities to young adults C．provide youth with unique experiences D．equip the unemployed with different skills 解析：选C　细节理解题。依据第二、三段可知，Young Inspirations mentoring program旨在为学生和11至21岁的无业青年提供独特的经历。B项是对文章的错误理解，该项目不能直接为年轻人提供就业机会。‎ ‎72．According to Alex Goldberg, it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to ________.‎ A．the lack of support from firms B．the cultural differences ‎ C．the effect of unemployment D．the shortage of money 解析：选D　细节理解题。依据第五段首句中的“At a time of funding cutbacks ...”‎ 可知，在削减资金的时候，学校难以提供这种指导。‎ ‎73．According to the passage, the forum focused on how youth can ________.‎ A．build up their confidence at school B．find work experience opportunities C．improve their social skills for the future D．play an active role in the change of society 解析：选D　细节理解题。依据倒数第三段第一句可知，该论坛关注年轻人如何在社会变革中发挥积极的作用。‎ ‎74．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．the visit to the United Kingdom was amazing B．Kieran has made great progress in many aspects C．the youth have found a way to solve their problems D．the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday 解析：选B　推理判断题。依据文章最后四段内容可推断出，Kieran已经在很多方面取得巨大进步。‎ ‎75．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity C．Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris D．Debates Help Youth with Their Grades 解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Young Inspirations成立的动机、特点和实际效果等，该项目主要为年轻人提供独特的经历。因此B项作为标题最合适。‎ ‎【八】‎ We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．‎ Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue, “First come, first served，” have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.‎ The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.‎ Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue.It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.‎ But don't take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.‎ Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance.However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors' offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.‎ ‎58．According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”？‎ A．Taking buses.‎ B．Buying houses.‎ C．Flying with an airline.‎ D．Visiting amusement parks.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段后两句和第三段第一句“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.”可知，该原则(先到的先招待)适用于排队等车。所以答案选B项。‎ ‎59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates ________.‎ A．the necessity of patience in queuing B．the advantage of modern technology C．the uncertainty of allocation principle D．the fairness of telephonic services 解析：选C　推理判断题。从第四段第一句“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第四、五段的内容可知，这两段提到的电话留言的例子是为了说明分配原则的不确定性。所以答案选C项。‎ ‎60．The passage is meant to ________.‎ A．justify paying for faster services B．discuss the morals of allocating things C．analyze the reason for standing in line D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping 解析：选B　写作意图题。从第一段中的“Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是市场与排队在需要分配时存在的一些道德现象。所以答案选B项。‎ ‎【九】‎ Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.I'm not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don't come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of how life is.‎ However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more ‎ practical.And, in addition to that,_in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising.To become great at certain things, it'll require even more time, time that most people won't put in.‎ This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.‎ When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.It's sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge chance that you're wrong anyway.‎ Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time.If you're not willing to put in the time and work, don't expect to receive any rewards.Consistent, hard work won't guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了成功的主要原因是对目标的执着与长久的坚持。‎ ‎31．Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.‎ A．the reasons for success B．the meaning of success C．the standards of success D．the importance of success 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可以判断出，本段主要阐述了不同的人对于成功的原因的看法，因此选择A项。‎ ‎32．In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to ________.‎ A．being good at something B．setting a practical goal C．putting in more time D．succeeding in life 解析：选B　代词指代题。根据画线词前一句中的“one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical”可判断出，that在此指代“setting a practical goal”。‎ ‎33．Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ________.‎ A．work makes one feel pain B．one tends to enjoy his work C．one gives up his work easily D．it takes a lot of time to succeed 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“To become great at certain things, it'll require even more time, time that most people won't put in.”以及第三段首句“This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.”可知应选D。‎ ‎34．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?‎ A．Successful people like to show their great skills.‎ B．People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.‎ C．People need to achieve success at the cost of life.‎ D．It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It's sometimes easy ...that you're wrong anyway.”可知，有时容易以为别人的成功是靠天赋或运气，但这样想对你并不好，这样想还有很大的可能是错的。言外之意就是说人们有时成功并不是靠运气或天赋。故B项正确。‎ ‎35．What is the main theme of the passage?‎ A．Having a goal is vital to success.‎ B．Being good is different from being great.‎ C．One cannot succeed without time and practice.‎ D．Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段的内容可知，本文主要说明了“成功需要投入大量的时间与实践”。‎ ‎【十】‎ Going green seems to be a fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can't really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.‎ On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.‎ With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.‎ Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的) stores.We consume less meat, choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.‎ Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.‎ 语篇解读：2011年4月22日作者一家人决定开始践行绿色生活，让我们看看他们是如何做的吧。‎ ‎60．What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Going Green B．Protecting the Planet ‎ C．Keeping OpenMinded D．Celebrating Our Green Year 解析：选A　标题归纳题。文章第一段有两处出现了going green，且下文也多次出现，本文主要讲述的就是作者一家是如何开始践行绿色生活的，所以A项最适合做文章标题。‎ ‎61．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because ________.‎ A．they were expected to follow the green fad B．they didn't know how to educate other people C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“This meant doing 365 different green things,‎ ‎ and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎62．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?‎ A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.‎ B．They ignored others' ungreen behavior.‎ C．They chose better chemical cleaners.‎ D．They sold their homemade food.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。Our Green Year这个关键信息可以在倒数第二段找到，该段说作者一家完全改变了生活方式，如在有机商店购物，少吃肉，尽量少买不需要的东西，不用化学清洁剂等，这些都是环保的习惯，与A项的概括相一致。故选A。‎ ‎63．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The government will give support to the green project.‎ B．The couple may continue their project in the future.‎ C．Some people disagree with the couple's green ideas.‎ D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。文章最后一段中出现了grateful, believe和do have the power等关键词，这些都暗示出作者夫妇在将来可能还会继续他们的环保生活。‎