英语一轮复习导学案：Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars导学案新人教版必修3

英语一轮复习导学案：Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars导学案新人教版必修3

Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 阅 读 词 汇 ‎1.astronomy n. 　 　 　 　天文学 ‎2.astronomer n. 天文学家 ‎3.solar adj. 太阳的;日光的 ‎4.billion pron.& n.& adj. <英>万亿;<美>十亿 ‎5.carbon n. 碳 ‎6.dissolve vt.‎& vi. 溶解;解散 ‎7.acid n. 酸 ‎8.mammal n. 哺乳动物 ‎9.dioxide n. 二氧化物 ‎10.extinct adj. 灭绝的;绝种的 ‎11.lessen vi.& vt. 减少;减轻 ‎12.weightlessly adv. 失重地 ‎13.solar system 太阳系 ‎14.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 识 记 词 汇 ‎1.system n.　 　　　系统;体系;制度 ‎2.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰 ‎3.theory n. 学说;理论 ‎4.violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 ‎5.atmosphere n. 大气层;气氛 ‎6.unlike prep. 与……不同;不像 ‎7.fundamental adj. 基本的;基础的 ‎8.presence n. 出席;到场;存在 ‎9.harmful adj. 有害的 ‎10.chain n. 链子;连锁;锁链 ‎11.reaction n. 反应;回应 ‎12.multiply vi.& vt. 乘;增加 ‎13.oxygen n. 氧 - 9 -‎ ‎14.exist vi. 存在;生存 ‎15.thus adv. 因此;于是 ‎16.puzzle n. 谜;难题 vt.‎‎& vi. (使) 迷惑;(使)为难 ‎17.biology n. 生物学 ‎18.biologist n. 生物学家 ‎19.gravity n. 万有引力;重力 ‎20.satellite n. 卫星;人造卫星 ‎21.gentle adj. 温和的;文雅的 ‎22.physicist n. 物理学家 ‎23.climate n. 气候 ‎24.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞;坠落 ‎25.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 ‎26.pull n.& vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力 ‎27.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动;(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 ‎28.globe n. 球体;地球仪;地球 ‎29.exhaust vt. 用尽;耗尽;使精疲力尽 拓 展 词 汇 ‎1.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的 ‎2.theory n.学说;理论→theoretical adj.理论的;理论上的 ‎3.violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence n. 暴力→violently adv. 猛烈地 ‎4.harmful adj.有害的→harm n.& v. 伤害→harmless adj.无害的 ‎5.exist vi. 存在;生存→existence n. 存在;生存 ‎6.puzzle vt.‎& vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难 n. 谜;难题→puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的→puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 ‎7.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球→global adj. 全球性的;全世界的 短 语 记 ‎1.in time　　　　　　及时;终于 ‎2.prevent...from 阻止;制止 ‎3.block out 挡住(光线)‎ - 9 -‎ 忆 ‎4.now that 既然 ‎5.break out 突发;爆发 ‎6.cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋 ‎7.in one’s turn 轮到某人 ‎8.give birth to 产生;分娩 ‎9.watch out for 密切注意;当心;提防 ‎10.get the hang of 熟悉;掌握;了解 ‎11.depend on 依赖;依靠 句 型 整 理 ‎1.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ 最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ ‎2.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。‎ ‎3.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。‎ 重点 语法 Noun clauses as the subject ‎(主语从句)‎ ‎1.exist vi.存在;生存 归纳拓展 ‎①There exist...有……;存在……‎ ‎②come into existence产生;成立;开始存在 ‎③in existence存在 ‎④existing adj.现存的;现行的 单句填空 - 9 -‎ ‎①As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists(exist) today.‎ ‎②So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist).(2019江苏,完形填空)‎ ‎ exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎2.lay v. 放置;搁;下(蛋);产(卵)‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①lay...aside搁置;储蓄 ‎②lay...off停止使用;解雇某人 ‎③lay out安排;布置;设计 完成句子 ‎①判断人们的能力时,应该把自己的感情放在一边。‎ You should lay aside your feelings when judging people’s abilities. ‎ ‎②那家工厂解雇了1 000名工人。‎ That factory laid off 1,000 workers. ‎ ‎ (注意以下词形变化)‎ 原形 词义 词性 过去式 过去 分词 现在 分词 lie 说谎 不及物 lied lied lying lie 躺,位于 不及物 lay lain lying lay 放置;下蛋 及物 laid laid laying 用lay,lie的适当形式填空 ‎①The boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under this bed.‎ ‎②Mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.‎ ‎1.in time及时;终于;总有一天 归纳拓展 ‎①on time准时;按时 ‎②in no time立即;马上 - 9 -‎ ‎③at a time一次;每次 ‎④at one time曾经;一度 ‎⑤at times有时 ‎⑥from time to time有时;偶尔 用time相关短语填空 ‎①At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ ‎②We’ll have that leak fixed in no time.‎ ‎③We must be in time for the early bus.‎ ‎2.prevent...from...阻止……;制止……‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 ‎②keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 ‎③protect sb.from...保护某人不受……侵袭 ‎④keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事 单句填空 ‎①In that case,eat before the flight,or an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.‎ ‎②We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent (prevent) scammers from getting through.(2019北京,阅读理解C) ‎ ‎ prevent∕stop sb.(from) doing sth.中的from可以省略,而keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不能省略。‎ ‎3.now (that) 既然 归纳 拓展 其他引导原因状语从句的连词:‎ because 因为;since 既然,因为;as由于 完成句子 ‎①但是,由于信息正以不同方式进行传播和受到监控,研究人员正在寻找新的规则。‎ But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.‎ ‎②Yet,now that I’m growing (既然我正在成长)and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex,I find myself needing a way to - 9 -‎ ‎ escape.(2019天津,阅读理解B)‎ 词语辨析:‎ now that 是固定短语,意为“既然;由于”,引导原因状语从句,that可省略。‎ because ‎“因为”,表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。‎ since ‎“既然,因为”(可与now that互换),侧重主句。‎ as ‎“由于”,表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。‎ for ‎“因为”,并列连词。‎ 用以上词(组)填空 ‎①As you weren’t there,I left a message.‎ 因为你不在那里,我给你留言了。‎ ‎②I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.‎ 我并不是因为下雨才回来,而是因为我累了。‎ ‎③Since∕Now that it is late,I shall go home now.‎ 由于时间晚了,我现在要回家了。‎ ‎④He shook his head,for he thought differently.‎ 他摇了摇头,因为有不同的看法。‎ ‎4.break out(战争、火灾等)突发;爆发 归纳拓展 ‎①break away (from sb.∕sth.)脱离(政党等);打破(陈套等)‎ ‎②break down出故障,抛锚;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉;打倒,砸破;(化合物等)分解 ‎③break up 打碎;解散;结束 ‎④break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)‎ 用break相关短语填空 ‎①当战争爆发的时候,她的朋友们提供了帮助。‎ Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.(2017年6月浙江,完形填空)‎ ‎②和谈失败了,没有达成任何协议。‎ The peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.‎ ‎③当我把这件事告诉他时,他突然大笑起来。‎ When I told him the story,he broke into laughter.‎ - 9 -‎ 一句多译:上面③其他表达方式 ‎④When I told him the story,he burst into laughter.‎ ‎⑤When I told him the story,he burst out laughing.‎ ‎5.cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋 归纳拓展 ‎①cheer sb.up使某人高兴∕振奋 ‎②cheer...on 为……加油 ‎③cheer for...为……欢呼 ‎④Cheers! 干杯!‎ 用cheer相关短语填空 ‎①我真心希望她能振作起来,勇敢地接受生活的挑战!‎ I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!‎ ‎②Cathy并没有期望得奖,但依然在那儿为朋友加油鼓劲,赞扬他们的成就。‎ Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.‎ ‎1.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ 最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ 归纳拓展 be to do有五层意义:‎ ‎①表示预定,“预定”,相当于be going to do。‎ ‎②表示义务,“应该”,相当于should。‎ ‎③表示可能,“会做”,相当于can∕could。‎ ‎④表示命运,“注定”(通常用于过去时,描述过去的事实)。‎ ‎⑤用于if...were to do,引导对将来的虚拟语气。‎ 完成句子 ‎①你什么时候回家?‎ When are you to leave for home?‎ ‎②她将于下个月结婚。‎ She is to get married next month.‎ - 9 -‎ ‎2.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。即:‎ ‎　make+宾语+宾语补足语 ‎②当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置,即make+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语或从句。‎ 完成句子 ‎①我们的老师使我们感到更自信。‎ Our teacher makes us feel more confident.‎ ‎②精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。‎ Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.‎ ‎3.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。‎ 归纳拓展 倍数的表达方式:‎ ‎①“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。‎ ‎②“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎③“A+倍数+the size∕height∕length∕width,etc.+of+B”,表示“A是B大(高、长、宽等)的多少倍”。‎ 完成句子 ‎①她看这张卡片的时间是以前那张的两倍。‎ She looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.‎ ‎②他们军队的规模只有我们军队的一半左右。‎ Their army is about half the size of ours.‎ - 9 -‎ - 9 -‎