2013届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析(二)

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2013届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析(二)

2013 届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析(二) 1、base 与 basis 这两个词在作名词时可表示"基础;基地",但其意义是不同的。base 用来指某物体的具体" 基础"或底部的"支柱"。 例如: We camped at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下扎营。 Our company's base is in New York , but we have extended many branches all around the world. 我们公司的总部设在纽约,但是分公司遍及全世界。 而 basis 则用来表示抽象意义上的"基础",常用于比喻句。 What's the basis of your opinion?你的意见的根据是什么? We are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.我 们愿意在互利互惠的原则下同各国发展经济关系。 2、be about to 这个短语与"be to do","be going to do"两个短语都可用来表示"将要做某事,但含义和用法有 所不同。be about to 从时间上来讲,等于 be just going to do,意思是"即将,马上就要去做"。 因此,在由这个短语构成的句子中,一般不可再加上表示时间的状语(如 at once, next) 例如: I am about to leave for Shanghai.我将要去上海。 be to do 主要表示安排或计划要在将来做的事情,它还可以表示命令等语气,相当于 should, must 等。它可以同将来的时间状语连用。 例如: The US President Bill Clinton is to visit Japan next week.美国总统比尔?克林顿将于下周访日。 The letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须面交他本人。 be going to do 一般可以和 be to do 换用,它在通常情况下表示计划,安排或准备去做某事 的意向,但并不一定马上去做。它一般都与时间状语连用;此外,它还可以用来表示某种推 断或可能性。 例如:What are you going to do for your holiday?假期有什么打算吗? It's going to rain soon, look at those black clouds.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。 3、beat; hit; strike 这三个词都有"打;击;敲"的意思,但仔细分辩,还是有其各自的用法。beat 表示"连续不 断地打击";尤其指心脏的跳动。hit 表示"撞击"(尤指一次性的)或命中(目标)。而 strike 除了与 hit 同义外,还可以理解为划(火柴);给人深刻印象等。 例如: The man looked dead but his heart was still beating.这个人看上去已经死了,可心脏还在跳动。 He hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使劲地击球,结果球越过了墙。 She struck (or: hit) him hard on the head with a vase.她用一只花瓶使劲地往他头上一敲。 He went in, struck a match and lit a candle to give light. 他进屋,划了根火柴并点燃了蜡烛照亮 了房间。 The foreigner was deeply stricken by the beauty of the West Lake.外宾对西湖之美印象极深。 4、before long; long before 这两个词组只是在顺序上有所颠倒,其含义却完全不同。before long = soon ,表示"不久以 后"。 例如:I hope you will be back before long.我希望你不久就回来。 而 long before = long time ago 很久以前, 例如:I saw that American film long before.我很久以前就看过那部美国电影了。 有时long before后面可以跟一个句子,这时候before是连词,引出一句时间状语,表示"在…… 前很久"的意思。例如:He had been a party member long before he came to our school.他到我们 学校来之前早就是一个党员了。 5、begin 这个词看来再普遍不过了,但它用于某些词组时,其意思就会有所不同,让我们看一下: 1.begin by 作"先(做某事)"解。 例如: I must begin by telling you about the factory itself. 我先给你们谈一谈工厂本身。 2.begin with 它的意思是以…开始。 例如:Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。 3.to begin with 1). 首先 We can't go. To begin with, it's too cold. Besides, we've no money.我们不能去。首先天 太冷。此外,我们没有钱。 2). 开始时 To begin with, they had little support but later on people began to trust them.开始时支 持他们的人很少,但后来人们开始信任他们了。 6、believe 与 believe in believe 作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示相信的意思;后接从句时表示认为。 例如: I don't believe his story.我不相信他所说的。 I believe he told us the truth.我认为他告诉我们的是真的。 而 believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,这时 believe 是不及物动词,一起表示信任即 trust" 的 意思。 例如:She doesn't believe in God.她不信奉上帝。 They believe in astrology and let it rule their lives completely.他们相信占星术并且由它来绝对 支配他们的生活。 believe 与 believe in 的后面均可接人的名词或代词,但其意义不同。试比较:I believe in him. (= I trust him.) 我信任他。I believe him. (= I believe what he says.)我相信他的话。 7、beside 与 besides 这两个词都是介词,且只相差一个字母,但意义却相差甚远。beside 的意思是在……旁边 和 与……比较起来。 例如:May I sit beside you?我可以坐在你的旁边吗? This year's profits don't look very good beside last year's results.与去年相比,今年的利润看来不 太好。 besides 的意思是除……之外(还),相当于 "in addition to"。 例如:There were three other people at the meeting besides Mr. Smith.与会的除了史密斯先生 外,还有三人。 注:besides 还可作副词用,解释为此外,而且。 例如:I don't feel like dancing tonight. Besides, I will have an exam tomorrow.我今晚不想跳舞, 再说我明天还要测验呢。 8、blow up 与 blow outblow up 一词的含义颇多,可归纳为: 1. 炸毁 The soldiers blew up the bridge with dynamite.士兵们用炸药把桥炸毁了。 2. 发脾气,责骂 When we arrived a little late, our boss blew us up.我们晚到了一会儿,老板就 骂了我们一顿。 Mary was two hours late home from the party and his father really blew her up.玛丽聚会后回到 家里比她答应的时间晚了两小时就遭到她父亲的一顿骂。 3. 打气 Be sure to blow up the type before you drive off.开车之前,一定要把轮胎打足气。 而 blow out 则表示吹灭。 She blew out the candle on her birthday cake.她吹灭了生日蛋糕上的蜡烛。 Blow out the lamp, please.请吹灭灯。 9、break into 与 break in 这两个词组长得很像,有人甚至认为它们完全可以互换,其实则不然。 "break into"表示破 门而入,闯入。 例如: A house was broken into between midnight and 5am.在午夜到早上 5 点这段时间,有人闯入一 家房子。 The robbers broke into his home and robbed him of many possessions.强盗们闯进他的家中,抢 走了许多财物。 但它还有一个意思,就是突然开始……",即 to suddenly start to do sth."。 例如: The audience broke into cheers as the band came on stage.当这支乐队一出场,观众就报以热烈 的掌声。 而 "break in"的另外一个意思是打断(话);插嘴。 例如:Don't break in when he is telling the story.他讲故事的时候,别打断他 There's no doubt about it," he broke in."那是毫无疑问的,他插嘴说。 Excuse me for breaking in on your conversation.请原谅我打断了你们的谈话。 10、burn out 与 burn up 这两个词组都是动副型动词,在表示烧光,烧尽时,可通用。 例如:The big fire burned out (up) two tall buildings.这场大火把两座高楼烧掉了。 burn out 主要指灯泡,设备等烧坏;它还可以表示放火将……赶出。 例如: Any electric light bulb will eventually burn out.任何灯炮最后总会烧坏。 I turn on a switch but the light had burnt out.我打开电源,但电灯已经烧坏了。 Hundreds of families have been burnt out of their homes.有人放火使数百人无家可归。 11、but do 与 but to do 这两个词组都可表示除了做……之外的意思,相当于 except do 与 except to do。它们属于 "but 不定式结构,即 but 是介词,后接带 to 的不定式和不带 to 的不定式。比如在 but 前面的句 子中出现了实义动词 do, but 后一般接不带 to 的不定式。反之则用 but to do 的形式。 例如: He could do nothing but wait.他除了等,别无它法。 He had no choice but to kill himself.他除了自杀外,别无其它选择。 12、by heart 与 at heart 这两个词组在句中均作状语,在意义上却有所不同。by heart 指靠记忆(by memory),常与 动词 get, learn, know 等连用。 例如: The students have learned many new words by heart.学生们已背熟很多新单词了。 He has made the speech so many times that he knows every word of it by heart.这篇演讲他讲过 好多次了,因此,他能把里面的每句话记得清清楚楚。 at heart 有两种意义:一是在本质上;二是在内心深处;关心的。 例如:His manners are rough, but he is a kind man at heart.他态度粗鲁,但在本质上是个善良 的人。When I say "Don't eat sweets", I have your health at heart.当我说你不要吃甜食时,我是 在关心你的健康。 He has the welfare of the poor people at heart.他把贫苦人民的福利放在心里。 13、by turns 与 in turn by turns 表示轮流地,交替地的意思,相当于 alternately, 多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动 作, 例如: We clean the classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。 She went hot and cold by turns.她一阵发热一阵发冷。 in turn 有两种意义:一是依次地;轮流地,含有 one after another 和 in proper order 的意义; 二是转而,反过来。 例如: They spoke at the meeting in turn.他们依次在会上发了言。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服 务。 14、by chance 与 by any chance by chance 表示偶然地,意外地,碰巧的意思,相当于 by accident,在句中作状语。 例如: I had no idea he was there. I met him by chance.我不知道他会在那儿,我是偶然碰见他的。 The news came to my ears by chance.我是偶然听到这个消息的。 by any chance 表示万一;也许的意思时,在句子中作插入语,它一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 例如: If, by any chance, he failed to come, we'll ask John to work the machine.万一他不来,我们就叫 约翰开机器。 Have you by any chance a map of Shanghai?你也许有上海的地图吧? 15、but for 与 but that but for 表示要不是的意思,相当于 if it were not for, if it had not been for。它常用于虚拟语气。 for 是介词,其后只能接名词(词组)。 例如:But for your help and g uidance, I should fail.要不是你的帮助与指导,我早就失败了。 but that 表示除……以外,除非等意思,相当于 except that; 也可以表示要不是的意思。but that 后接从句。例如: We ask nothing from you but that you should give a clear statement of the facts.我们什么也不要 你的,就是要你把实情清楚地交代出来。 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.要不是他当时没有钱,他就 帮助我们了。 It will go hard but that we shall bring more land under cultivation.除非我们扩大耕地面积,否则 事情就不好办。 学科网 w w w.zxxk.com 高 考 资源 网
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