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专题18动名词-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员
专题 18 动名词 关键词:人称,数,动词原形,辨别差异 难度系数:✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数:✱✱✱✱✱ 【基础回顾】 考点归纳: 1. 动名词可作主语、表语和宾语. 2. 可以接动名词做宾语的动词。 3. 可以接动名词和不定式做宾语的动词。 4. 动名词的时态语态。 5. 动名词的习惯用法。 基础必读: 动名词既有名词的性质,也有动词的性质。作名词时,可作主语、表语和宾语;作动词时可有自己的宾语,也可用副词修饰。 1.作主语或表语 1) 动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语。在表示比较抽象的经常性行为时,多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作时,特别是将来动作时,用不定式。 2) 可以用it代替动名词的句型: It is no use + doing…是没有用的 It is no good + doing…是没好处的 It is a waste of time + doing干…是浪费时间 2. 作宾语 1)以下动词需用动名词作宾语:] suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, consider, practise, allow, prefer等。 ]] 2)love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, want, need, require, remember, forget, regret, try等词后,既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语。] (1).love, like, hate, prefer, dislike 表经常性的习惯动作时跟动名词;表某次特定的动作时跟不定式。 (2) begin, start, continue] a.表“有意识”,用人作主语时,后接动名词;表“无意识”,用物作主语时,后接不定式。 b.当这三个词用于进行时态时,后面只能跟不定式。 c.当这三个词后面所限动词为表示精神状态或心理活动的词时,只能接动词不定式。 d. want, need, require 接动名词表示“需要”,物作主语;接不定式表示“想干…”,人作主语。 (3). 有的动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但是意思不一样。 remember to do sth.记住做某事; remember doing sth.记得做过某事。 forget to do sth.忘记了干某事;forget dong sth. 忘记了是否干过某事。] regret to do sth.对要做的事表示抱歉;regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。 try to do sth.尽力,努力做某事;try doing sth.试着做某事。 mean to do打算做某事;mean doing意味着做某事。 3) 介词宾语 能跟动名词作宾语的短语很多,应掌握的有:insist on, think of, dream of,charge…with, prevent…from, keep…from, stop … from, look forward to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote …to, set about, spend … in, get/be used to, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, be proud of 等。 3.做定语 作定语时,动名词表功能,表用途;现在分词表动作。 4. 动名词的时态语态] 主动 被动 一般时态 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动名词的一般时态,表示其动词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。完成式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 ] 5. 动名词的习惯用法 A.There is no + doing…是不可能的] B.feel like+ doing想做… C.go+ doing(doing指运动或游戏) D. can’t help+ doing禁不住 E.be on the point of+ doing正要…,正准备…] F. on/upon++ doing一…就= as soon as… H .have fun/a good time/difficulty/ trouble/a hard time/(in) +doing 【技能方法】 动名词是高考中的必考内容,也是教学的难点,动名词在句中有不同作用,本身有不同的时态和语态,形式上和现在分词一样。导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握动名词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记动名词的语法;2.分析句子成分,找出主谓宾主干;3.判断需要什么成分;4.看是否符合动名词的语法。 解答此类试题,可以从以下几个方面着手考虑: 动名词的考查几乎每年都有涉及,一般情况下,主要考查动名词在句中不同的成分,还有省略to的动名词也是常考点。 1、动名词的成分。] 2、动名词的时态。] 3、动名词的语态。 4、动名词复合结构。 掌握省略句必须把握好以下原则:] 1、判定是否用动名词。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找动名词的逻辑主语。方法:动名词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法:动名词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 ]] 4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。 【基础达标】 1.(2014·北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without ________(recognize). 【答案】being recognized]] 2.After luckily ________(succeed) in the national college entrance examination,I realized my dream again:after graduation,I became a citizen working in a city. 【答案】succeeding 【解析】介词after后要用动名词作宾语。] 3.Well,it always takes time to consider before ________(make) a decision. 【答案】making 【解析】在做决定之前要认真考虑。before是介词,后跟动名词。 4.Now,the merchant’s first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as ________(take) care of the household. 【答案】taking] 【解析】as well as 连接并列结构,此处要把take名词化。 5.---Did you enjoy yourself at the party?] ---Yes.I appreciated_________. A.to be invited B.to have invited C.being invited D.having invited 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:--在晚会上,你玩得痛快吗?--是的,我非常感激被邀请。appreciate欣赏,感激。后跟v-ing形式作宾语。题干中的主语是invite的动作承受者,故用v-ing形式的被动式。故选C。] 【能力提升】 1.My older brother and I are busy ________(arrange) a trip to Africa. 【答案】arranging 2.Yes,and there are a lot of points of view when you listen to talk shows.I usually enjoy ________ (listen) to them. 【答案】listening来源:] 【解析】enjoy doing喜欢做某事。 3.We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop ________(smoke). 【答案】smoking 【解析】stop to do sth 停下来去做某事;stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情。根据语境可知“我们还成立了一个特殊的小组去帮助青少年戒烟”。stop smoking戒烟。 4. The soldier narrowly escaped ________in the fierce battle. A. have killed B. killing C. to be killed D. being killed 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动名词做宾语的用法。句意:这个士兵在激烈的战争中死里逃生。escape doing sth是escape的一种用法,表示“从..中逃脱”,而士兵是逃脱被杀死,,应该填being killed.选D。 5. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down, which resulted in the city ______ by land. A. to bury B. to be buried C. being buried D. burying 【答案】C ] 【终极闯关】 1.(2015·福建宁德质检)________(devote) to teaching, as we know, contributes to his popularity with his students. 【答案】Being devoted 【解析】句意:正如我们知道的那样,对教学的热爱使得他在学生中很受欢迎。固定表达be devoted to sth献身于,热爱。分析句子结构可知缺少主语,动词短语不可作主语,要变成动名词being devoted to。] 2. It was ______ the president's speech that the secretary spent the whole morning at home.] A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. be prepared 【答案】B 【解析】句意:秘书花了整个晚上在家里准备的正是总统的演讲。本题中含有一个强调句型,强调的是句子的宾语preparing the president's speech;在英语中,通常动名词可以在句中做宾语。本句中是一个固定搭配spend some time in doing sth花费时间做某事。故B正确。]] 3.(2015·安徽高考)________(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.] 【答案】Ignoring 【解析】句意:忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。作主语要用动名词形式。 4. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year? A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be] 【答案】A 【解析】句意:今年有换届选举的机会是吗?介词of后面接动名词,因为是there be句型,there是逻辑主语,be动词用动名词。选A。 5.(2015·辽宁瓦房店高级中学考前模拟)Taking a taxi is five times as expensive as ________(take) a bus. 【答案】taking查看更多