高考英语必修1导学案：Unit4全套预习和随堂练习及重难点讲解（含答案）

高考英语必修1导学案：Unit4全套预习和随堂练习及重难点讲解（含答案）

必修一. Unit 4: Earthquakes 基础 知能 回扣 Name_________ Class_________ No._________ Mark______‎ 一. 核心词汇 ‎1．重点单词：‎ ‎1‎ 爆裂；爆发vi突然破裂；爆发n.‎ ‎　‎ ‎7‎ 使陷入困境vt. 陷阱；困境n ‎　‎ ‎2‎ 废墟；毁灭n使破产；毁灭vt.‎ ‎　‎ ‎8‎ 埋葬；掩埋；vt. 隐藏 ‎　‎ ‎3‎ 损害；伤害vt.‎ ‎　‎ ‎9‎ 升起, 起身, 增长, 上升, vi.‎ ‎　‎ ‎4‎ 破坏 ；毁坏；消灭vt.‎ ‎　‎ ‎10‎ 祝词, 贺辞 常用复数 n.‎ ‎　‎ ‎5‎ ‎（使）震惊；震动vt.&vi休克；打击；震动n.‎ ‎　‎ ‎11‎ 尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣n. 尊敬, 给以荣誉vt.‎ ‎　‎ ‎6‎ 救援；营救n.&vt ‎　‎ ‎12‎ 奇迹, 惊奇, 惊愕v. n.‎ ‎　‎ ‎1．重点单词： 1. burst 2.ruin. 3.injure 4.destroy 5.shock 6.rescue . 7.trap ‎ ‎8.bury 9. rise 10.．congratulation 11. honor 12. wonder : ‎ ‎2．词形变化：用所给的词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎1. The river rose ten _____________by then. (foot) ‎ ‎2. Look! Some people are_________    up and down the street.  (run)     ‎ ‎3.    The earthquake was caused by the ______     of plates. (move) ‎ ‎4. People try to predicate the    _________disaster. (nature) ‎ ‎5. Human ________have the power to stop earthquake.  (be) ‎ ‎6. The whole city was _________destroyed in the earthquake. (complete) ‎ ‎7. I’m sorry to keep you    ________ so long,  (wait) ‎ ‎8. They carried the children to_________    . (safe) ‎ ‎9. The pipes for _______ water under the street burst.  (carry) ‎ ‎10. _________ as it may seem, it was a quiet night. (amaze) ‎ ‎2．词形变化答案： 1. feet        2. running   3. movement   4. natural    5.beings ‎ ‎6.    completely  7. waiting   8. safety       9. carrying  10.Amazing 二. 高频短语. ‎ ‎1. 碰巧做某事 _________ 2. 握手 _________ ‎ ‎3.突然哭/笑起来 _________ 4.成为废墟 _________ ‎ ‎5. 穿过、横穿 _________ 6.吹走、刮走  _________ ‎ ‎7. 倒塌 _________ 8.根据……来判断 _________‎ ‎9.成千上万  _________ 10.挖掘 _________‎ ‎11. 大量的 _________ 12.陷入……/ 陷在……下面 _________‎ ‎13. 结束某事  _________ 14. 以……而自豪 _________ ‎ ‎15. 对……评价低/高 _________ ‎ ‎16. 1/3 _________ 2/3 _________ 75% _________ ‎ ‎17.发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽 _________ 18.发出（气味等） _________ ‎ ‎19.赠送；泄露 _________ 20.作为……而知名 _________ ‎ 二. 高频短语. ‎ ‎1.happen to do 2.shake hands with sb ‎ ‎3..burst into tears/ laughter ；burst out crying/laughing ‎ ‎4.in ruins 5.cut across 6.blow away 7.fall down ‎ ‎8.judging….from 9.tens of thousands of 10.dig out ‎11.a great/ large number of =a great/ good many ‎ ‎12.be trapped in/ under ‎13.come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth ‎ ‎14.be proud of / take pride in 15.think little/ highly of ‎ ‎16.one-third two-thirds seventy-five percent ‎ ‎17.give out 18.give off 19.give away 20.be known as ‎ ‎ ‎ 三. 重点句式. ‎ ‎1.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.‎ ‎2.Two thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.‎ ‎3..Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.‎ ‎4. The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.（定语从句）. ‎ 死伤的人数达到40多万。‎ ‎5. We’d better prepare him for the bad news. ‎ 我们最好让他做好知道这个坏消息的心理准备。‎ ‎6. The army organized the rescue workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. （定语从句）. ‎ 部队组织救援人员将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。 ‎ ‎7. All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.（部分否定）. ‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。 ‎ ‎8. None of us were allowed to go there.（全部否定）. ‎ 我们全都不许去那里。 ‎ ‎9. He rescued the man from drowning. ‎ 他救了一男子使之免遭溺毙。 ‎ ‎10. An earthquake left the whole city in ruins. ‎ 地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。 ‎ ‎11. I feel highly honoured by your trust. ‎ 得到你的信任，我感到非常荣幸。 ‎ ‎12. Many people took shelter from the rain in the department store. ‎ 许多人在百货公司里避雨。 ‎ ‎13. It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything. ‎ 世界似乎到了末日，因为地震几乎毁了一切。 ‎ ‎14. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. ‎ 人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久？ ‎ ‎15. The one million people of the city, who thought little of these strange events, went to bed as usual that night.（非限制性定语从句）. ‎ 这城市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些奇怪的情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。 ‎ 四. 课文完形: ‎ Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:‎00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (废墟), and the number of people 5 (受伤的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.‎ 五. 单词拼写:‎ ‎ I.‎ 根据首字母或中文提示, 给出适当的单词 ‎1. S______________ the bottle before you take the medicine. ‎ ‎2. We held the party in Tom’s h___________.‎ ‎3. Hearing the bad news, the girl b___________ into tears.‎ ‎4. She poured water all over my painting, and r__________ it.‎ ‎5. The houses were d____________ by an earthquake.‎ ‎6. He felt ___________(清酲) after a rest.‎ ‎7. Throw away your dirty and ____________ (臭) socks.‎ ‎8. We took ___________(躲避) from the storm in a barn.‎ ‎9. France is a _________________(欧洲) country.‎ ‎10. Many men were ___________(埋) underground when there was an accident at the mine.‎ ‎11. Older students were having difficulty in studying and o_________ themselves.‎ ‎12. Without _________ (电)，modern life would be very difficult.‎ ‎13. People began to wonder how long the d_________ would last.‎ ‎14. F_________ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.‎ ‎15. __________ (判断)from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.‎ ‎16. Dead and ________ (受伤的)people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.‎ 六.选词填空 of, across, in, by, with, from, on, to ‎ ‎1. Because ______ his carelessness, he lost her purse.‎ ‎2. The train is leaving ________ five minutes.‎ ‎3. The bookshop is just ________ the street from the school.‎ ‎4. ________ working hard, he passed the maths exam.‎ ‎5. You need to wear warm clothes to protect you _______ the cold.‎ ‎6. Your opinion has no effect ________ his decision. ‎ ‎7. I tried to persuade him, but ________ no effect.‎ ‎8. The result of research can be applied ______ new development of technology.‎ 六．选词填空答案： of in across By from on with to 七.句型巩固 ‎1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2). 那教堂已破败不堪。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5). 并非这两个学生喜欢这个故事。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎6). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ 七．句型巩固答案：‎ ‎1). The building is in ruins. ‎ ‎2). The church has fallen into ruin.‎ ‎3). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.‎ ‎4). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.‎ ‎5). Both of the students don’t like the story.‎ ‎6). Neither of the students likes the story.‎ 八. 单句改错 ‎1. I don’t doubt whether I’m able to finish the work on time. ‎ ‎2. Would you be kind as to turn off the TV set? ‎ ‎3. Do you know what do these words mean? ‎ ‎4. Hearing her name calling, she rushed out of the room. ‎ ‎5. Do you know anything about the accident happened in the village yesterday? ‎ ‎6. The little girl hurried home with the remained money. ‎ ‎7. Speak slowly and try to make yourself understand ‎ ‎8. The population of Zhengzhou is fewer than that of Beijing. ‎ ‎9. My father has two brothers , both of them are all Party members. ‎ ‎10. I followed Mr.Smith entering the office. ‎ 八．单句改错答案 ‎1 drop “don’t”  2 be-be so  3 drop “do”  4  calling-called 5 happened-that happened  ‎ ‎6.remained-remaining 7.understand-understood 8.fewer-smaller 9.them-whom  10.entering-into 九.单项选择： ‎ ‎1. 75% of the land__________ with trees.‎ A. is covered B. are covered C. covers D. cover ‎2. It is _______ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.‎ A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual ‎3. “ Earthquake!” someone shouted. I woke up and felt the earth ____ . I ____ fear and couldn’t stand up.‎ A. was shaking; shook with B. was being shaken; shook for C. is shaking; was shaken by D. moving; shaken with ‎4. The vase fell _____ the table, breaking into pieces.‎ A. down B. out C. off D. to ‎5. I’m glad he agreed _____ my advice. Finally, he and I agreed _____ the time for the party.‎ A. taking; to B. /; on C. to take; on D. to take; with ‎6. Your mother is waiting for you. Come back ______.‎ A. as soon as possibly B. as quickly as soon ‎ C. as soon as possible D. as possible as you can ‎7. I was ill, so I stayed in _______bed all day instead of _______.‎ A. the; go to school B. the; going to school C./; going to school D. /; to go to school ‎ ‎8. __________ people went to watch the football match.‎ A. Thousands B. Two thousands C. Two thousand D. Two thousand of ‎9. Give the books _________to the children.‎ A. out B. off C. in D. up ‎10. _____________ from what he said, we know he was afraid at that time.‎ A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Judge ‎11. I feel _______ to be invited to speak here.‎ A. honour B. honoured C. it an honour D. both B and C ‎12.Water supply and electricity of the village _______________during the earth quake.‎ A. was cut off B. were cut down C. was cut away D. were cut off ‎13. She was frightened______ the sight of a mouse. ‎ A. with B. at C. in D. on ‎14. What do you know the strike_______ for? ‎ A. was broken out B. was broken up C. broke out D. broke up ‎15. The young girls used umbrellas to protect themselves from the hot ______ sun.‎ A. raised B. raising C. risen D. rising ‎16. Actually there was no use _______ Joan there that day.‎ A. for sending B. of you to send C. sent D. sending ‎17. _______ your timely help.‎ A. Thank to you; for B. Thank you; to C. Many thanks to you; for D. Thanks you; for ‎18. _________students attended the party.‎ A. The number of B. A number C. Numbers of D. The number ‎19. The students ___________ the mid-term examination these days.‎ A. are preparing B. are preparing for C. were preparing D. were preparing for ‎20. The building has _________ look.‎ A. a Europe B. a European C. an European D. an ‎Europe ‎21. He felt _______ at the news which came as ______ shock to us, too.‎ A. shocked; / B. shocked; a C. shocking; / D. shocking; a ‎22. The house was completely ________ in the great fire.‎ A. hurt B. injured C. damaged D. destroyed ‎23. I gave the papers to every one of the class, except, of course, the ___________who had already come to the office to collect_________.‎ A. those; them B. those; it C. ones; them D. one; it ‎24. All our efforts will certainly lead to _________ more peaceful and more advanced world, ______ place where everyone enjoys his life and freedom.‎ A. the; a B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the ‎25. Though already a boy of 14, ______________.‎ A. and he had to support a family of four B. but he’s still dressed up and washed by his parents C. he worked hard from morning till night D. his brain power is just like that of a baby 九。单项选择 ‎1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. C19. B 20. B 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. D ‎ 十.语法专练: Test for Grammar ‎ ‎(  )1.The famous basketball star,_______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. ‎ ‎      A. where       B. when       C. which            D. who ‎ ‎(  )2.She heard a terrible noise, _________ brought her heart into her mouth. ‎ A. it           B.  which     C. this              D. that ‎ ‎(  )3.York,______ I visited last year, is a nice old city. ‎ ‎      A. that         B. which       C. where            D. in which  ‎ ‎(  )4.The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success, ‎ A. for which   B. at which      C. in which           D. on which ‎ ‎(  )5.Is this factory _________ you visited last Sunday? ‎ A. the one     B. which        C. that               D. where ‎ ‎(  )6.They ask about the things and teachers ______ they still remembered in the school. ‎ A. which      B. that          C. whom             D. that and who ‎ ‎(  )7.I will always remember those days ______ I spent with him sailing on the sea. ‎ A. on that     B.  on which     C.  when            D. which ‎ ‎(  )8.His English, ______ used to be very poor, is now excellent. ‎ A. that        B. which         C. it                D. whom ‎ ‎(  )9.George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. ‎ A.    the real name B. what his real name  C. his real name D. whose real name ‎ ‎(  )10.__________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making ‎ progress. ‎ A. It          B. As           C. That              D. What ‎ 十．语法专练 Keys: ‎ I.‎‎    1.D  2.B 3.B  4.C  5.A  6.B  7.D  8.B  9. D  10 B ‎ II.将下列句子改写成定语从句 ‎ ‎11. Have you found the bike? You are looking for the bike. ‎ ‎12.The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday. ‎ ‎13.I saw some trees. Their leaves were black with disease. ‎ ‎14. The girl is our monitor. She is playing the piano over there. ‎ ‎15. He was born in a town. The town is far away from the city. ‎ II. 11.Have you found the bike (that/which) you are looking for? ‎ ‎12.The book ( that/ which) I bought yesterday is very interesting. ‎ ‎13.I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease. ‎ ‎14.The girl who/ that is playing the piano over there is our monitor. ‎ ‎15.He was born in a town that/ which is far away from this city.‎ Unit 4 Earthquakes学案 语言要点（模块）‎ 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）‎ 词汇 部分 词语 辨析 ‎1. congratulate / celebrate ‎2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm ‎3. rise / raise / lift ‎4. hurt / injure / wound 词形 变化 ‎1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓 frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的 ‎2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民 national adj. 民族的；国家的 ‎3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦头 suffering  n.  苦难；痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者 重点 单词 ‎1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂 ‎ ‎2. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）‎ ‎3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救 ‎4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计 重点 词组 1. right away 立刻，马上 2. at an end 结束，终结 3. instead of 代替，而不 4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的 重点句子 ‎1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.‎ ‎2. All hope was not lost.‎ 重点语法 定语从句 （见语法部分）‎ I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) ‎ ‎1. congratulate / celebrate ‎ ‎【解释】‎ congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。‎ celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。 ‎ ‎ 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 ‎1). I _________ you on your success.‎ ‎2). We held a party to __________ our success.. ‎ ‎2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm ‎【解释】‎ destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。‎ ‎ ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击 的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。‎ damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。‎ ‎ harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。‎ ‎3. rise / raise / lift ‎【解释】‎ rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。‎ raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。‎ lift 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。‎ ‎【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 ‎1). She ________ her eyes from her work.‎ ‎2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.‎ ‎3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.‎ ‎4. hurt / injure / wound ‎【解释】‎ hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。‎ injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.‎ wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。‎ ‎【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 ‎1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.‎ ‎2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work.‎ ‎3). I was very much _______ at his words.‎ I词语辨析 ‎1．1). congratulate 2). celebrate ‎ ‎3．1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise ‎4．1). wounded 2). injured 3). Hurt II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）‎ ‎1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓 frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的 ‎2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民 national adj. 民族的；国家的 ‎3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦头 suffering  n.  苦难；痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者 ‎【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 ‎1) He’s travelled to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation)‎ ‎2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)‎ ‎3） ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)‎ ‎4） The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten) ‎ ‎5） It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)‎ ‎6） We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) ‎ ‎7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)‎ ‎8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer) ‎ II词性变化 答案: 1) nations 2) national 3) Frightened 4) was frightened ‎ 5) frightening 6) suffered 7) sufferers 8) suffering Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）‎ ‎1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂 ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。‎ ‎2). The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。‎ ‎3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. ‎ 一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。‎ ‎4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. ‎ 歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 ‎ burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭 ‎[练习] 中译英 ‎1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救 ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. ‎ 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。‎ ‎2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. ‎ 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。‎ ‎3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来 come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队 a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员 ‎[练习] 用rescue的适当形式填空 ‎1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.‎ ‎2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday. ‎ ‎3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计 ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。‎ ‎2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。‎ ‎3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。‎ ‎4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……‎ as far as I judge 我认为 judging from… 从……来看， 根据……判断 ‎[练习] 用与judge相关的词汇填空 ‎1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.‎ ‎2). _______ , he must be from the south.‎ ‎4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。‎ ‎2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ‎ ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭 ‎[练习] 中译英 ‎1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2). 那教堂已破败不堪。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Ⅲ重点词汇 ‎ ‎1．答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. ‎ ‎2). The sun burst through the clouds.‎ ‎2．答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued ‎3．答案: 1). Judging 2). In her judgment ‎4．答案: 1). The building is in ruins. ‎ ‎ 2). The church has fallen into ruin.‎ Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）‎ ‎1. right away 立刻，马上 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。‎ ‎2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. ‎ 如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。‎ ‎[短语归纳]‎ ‎“立刻，马上”的表达方式：‎ right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time ‎[练习] 中译英 ‎1). 请立刻把它打印出来。_______________________________‎ ‎‎ ‎2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）‎ ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。‎ ‎[短语归纳]‎ 与end搭配的常用短语 ‎ at the end of 在……末尾 by the end of 在……末为止 in the end 最后，终于 at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态 make ends meet 收支相抵 ‎[练习] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。‎ ‎1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?‎ ‎2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.‎ ‎3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.‎ ‎3. instead of 代替，而不是 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。‎ ‎2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。‎ ‎3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. ‎ 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。‎ ‎[短语归纳]‎ instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。‎ instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。‎ in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。‎ take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。‎ ‎[练习] 单项选择。‎ ‎1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places. ‎ A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of ‎ ‎2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day. ‎ A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of ‎ ‎4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的 ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.‎ ‎[短语归纳]‎ hundreds of数百的 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的 thousands of数千的 millions of数百万的 dozens of许多； 大量 scores of 许多； 大量 ‎[练习] 选择填空 ‎1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.‎ A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands ‎2). There were ____________ people in the hall.‎ A. two scores of B. scores of C. two and score D. two scores Ⅳ 重点词组 ‎1．答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.‎ ‎2．答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of ‎3．答案: 1). B 2). D ‎4．答案: 1). A 2). B V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）‎ ‎1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.‎ 老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。‎ ‎ [解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。‎ 现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ‎ ‎（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。‎ While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。‎ Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。‎ ‎（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：‎ Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. ‎ 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 ‎ Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. ‎ 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。 ‎ ‎（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如： ‎ His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 ‎ She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. ‎ 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 ‎ ‎（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如： ‎ They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. ‎ 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 ‎ Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. ‎ 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。‎ ‎（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如： ‎ A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. ‎ 一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。 ‎ Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. ‎ 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 ‎ 注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。‎ ‎（6）“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如： ‎ His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。 ‎ Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。 ‎ ‎[练习] 中译英 ‎1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎[解释]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。‎ I don’t know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。‎ 表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：‎ Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. ‎ 并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。‎ Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。‎ Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。‎ Neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。‎ ‎[练习] 中译英 ‎1). 并非这两个学生这个故事。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）‎ ‎1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：由which引导的非限制性定语从句 ‎【模仿1】李宇春现象超越了她的声音，即使最狂热歌迷们也承认她的声音是非常弱的。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【模仿2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和建筑物，90%的家园都消失了。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句 ‎【模仿1】从七月上旬开始, 20天的干旱和高温 袭击了重庆的人们, 其中50% 的人们处于严重缺水状态。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【模仿2】参加奥运会吉祥物竞选的参与者有662人，其中611人来自中国大陆，12人来自香港，澳门和台湾，39人来自国外。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 必修一. Unit 4: Earthquakes答案 ‎1．重点单词： 1. burst 2.ruin. 3.injure 4.destroy 5.shock 6.rescue . 7.trap ‎ ‎8.bury 9. rise 10.．congratulation 11. honor 12. wonder : ‎ ‎2．词形变化答案： 1. feet        2. running   3. movement   4. natural    5.beings ‎ ‎6.    completely  7. waiting   8. safety       9. carrying  10.Amazing ‎ 二. 高频短语. ‎ ‎1.happen to do 2.shake hands with sb ‎ ‎3..burst into tears/ laughter ；burst out crying/laughing ‎ ‎4.in ruins 5.cut across 6.blow away 7.fall down ‎ ‎8.judging….from 9.tens of thousands of 10.dig out ‎11.a great/ large number of =a great/ good many ‎ ‎12.be trapped in/ under ‎13.come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth ‎ ‎14.be proud of / take pride in 15.think little/ highly of ‎ ‎16.one-third two-thirds seventy-five percent ‎ ‎17.give out 18.give off 19.give away 20.be known as ‎ 四. 课文完形答案：1. smelly 2. nervous 3. an 4. ruins 5. injured ‎ ‎6. electricity 7. useless 8. organized 9. survivors 10. breathe 五．单词拼写答案:‎ ‎ 1. Shake 2. house 3. burst 4. ruined 5. destroyed 6. fresh 7. smelly 8. shelter 9. European ‎ ‎10. buried 11.organizing  12. electricity   13. disaster   14. Fresh    1 5. Judging  16. injured  ‎ 六．选词填空答案： of in across By from on with to 七．句型巩固答案：‎ ‎1). The building is in ruins. ‎ ‎2). The church has fallen into ruin.‎ ‎3). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.‎ ‎4). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.‎ ‎5). Both of the students don’t like the story.‎ ‎6). Neither of the students likes the story.‎ 八．单句改错答案 ‎1 drop “don’t”  2 be-be so  3 drop “do”  4  calling-called 5 happened-that happened  ‎ ‎6.remained-remaining 7.understand-understood 8.fewer-smaller 9.them-whom  10.entering-into 九。单项选择 ‎1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. C19. B 20. B 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. D ‎ 十．语法专练 Keys: ‎ I.‎‎    1.D  2.B 3.B  4.C  5.A  6.B  7.D  8.B  9. D  10 B ‎ II. 11.Have you found the bike (that/which) you are looking for? ‎ ‎12.The book ( that/ which) I bought yesterday is very interesting. ‎ ‎13.I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease. ‎ ‎14.The girl who/ that is playing the piano over there is our monitor. ‎ ‎15.He was born in a town that/ which is far away from this city.‎ Unit 4 Earthquakes学案 I词语辨析 ‎1．1). congratulate 2). celebrate ‎ ‎3．1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise ‎4．1). wounded 2). injured 3). Hurt II词性变化 答案: 1) nations 2) national 3) Frightened 4) was frightened ‎ 5) frightening 6) suffered 7) sufferers 8) suffering Ⅲ重点词汇 ‎ ‎1．答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. ‎ ‎2). The sun burst through the clouds.‎ ‎2．答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued ‎3．答案: 1). Judging 2). In her judgment ‎4．答案: 1). The building is in ruins. ‎ ‎ 2). The church has fallen into ruin.‎ Ⅳ 重点词组 ‎1．答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.‎ ‎2．答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of ‎3．答案: 1). B 2). D ‎4．答案: 1). A 2). B V重点句子 ‎1． 1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.‎ ‎2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.‎ ‎2． 1). Both of the students don’t like the story.‎ ‎2). Neither of the students likes the story.‎ 课文佳句背诵与仿写 ‎1．【模仿1】答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak ‎【模仿2】答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming. ‎ ‎2.【模仿1】答案：More than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.‎ ‎【模仿2】答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.‎