【英语】2019届二轮复习语篇型填空考纲解读及解题指导（27页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语篇型填空考纲解读及解题指导（27页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语篇型填空考纲解读及解题指导 ‎【考纲解读】‎ ‎　　卷名 考点　　‎ ‎2017‎ ‎2016‎ ‎2015‎ ‎2014‎ 合计 课标Ⅰ 课标Ⅱ 课标Ⅲ 课标Ⅰ 课标Ⅱ 课标Ⅲ 课标Ⅰ 课标Ⅱ 课标Ⅰ 课标Ⅱ 名词、数词 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎13‎ 代词 ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ 冠词 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎7‎ 介词、动词短语 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎9‎ 形容词、副词 ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎19‎ 谓语动词 ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎16‎ 非谓语动词 ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎19‎ 并列连词、‎ 复合句及其他 ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎13‎ 考点 内容 在一篇200词左右的短文中留出 10处空白,部分空白不给提示词,要求考生只填一个词;部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文写出所提供单词的正确形式。‎ 分析解读 ‎1.语篇型填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。①给出提示词的包括:词性的转换(名词与动词的转换,形容词与副词的转换等);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词的各种形式等;②不给出提示词的包括:根据上下文语境填入冠词、连词、介词等。‎ ‎2.挖空一般比较均匀,所挖的空不会影响学生对短文的整体理解。‎ ‎3.对形容词、副词、谓语动词、复合句、非谓语动词的考查已成为语篇型填空的热点。‎ ‎【命题探究】‎ ‎(2017课标全国Ⅰ)‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎　　There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)　1　a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side　2　(effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was ‎ 命题方法 ‎1.命题形式 语篇型填空分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。‎ ‎2.考查内容 考查范围要覆盖考纲规定的大部分内容。‎ 精准审题 ‎1.通读全文,了解文意。为了应对肥胖和心脏疾病,医学界鼓励大家食用低脂、少盐的食物。但是如果过于极端的话,结果会适得其反。‎ ‎2.通过阅读全文,大致了解设空处所涉及的语法点。‎ 解题步骤 ‎1.通读全文了解文章话题,预测考点。‎ ‎2.无提示词试题往往从考查冠词、连词、介词方向考虑,有时也需要从考查助动词、副词、代词等方向考虑。‎ ‎3.有提示词试题往往从考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、名词单复数、形容词和副词比较级或最高级以及几大词类间的构词法变化等方向考虑;如果提示词是一个代词,要从设空处在句中所作的句子成分及整个句子的意思来判断。‎ trying to fight.① ‎ ‎　　Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required　3　(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt　4　(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As　5　result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even　6　(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food　7　(be)full of fat and salt;by　8　(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be　9　(care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,　10　is not good for the health. ‎ 高效解题 一、无提示词 第1题:设空处在which引导的定语从句中,该从句的先行词为this trend,将其代入定语从句为:This trend was started by the medical community(医学界)　1　 a method of fighting heart disease.设空处前为完整的被动语态句子,设空处后是a method,由此可推出设空处应为介词。医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法,设空处表示“作为”,故填介词as。 ‎ 第5题:as a result为固定短语,故填冠词a。‎ 第10题:设空处前为一个完整句子且有逗号与后面的句子隔开,由此可判断本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为前面的一句话,指“事物”,设空处在定语从句中作主语,故填which。‎ 二、有提示词 第2题:设空处作宾语,故填名词形式;根据such as overweight and heart disease可知:副作用有多种,故填effect的复数形式effects。‎ 第3题:根据require sth. to do sth.(需要某物做某事)以及其被动形式sth. be required to do sth.(某物被要求做某事)的结构可知此处填不定式形式(to process)。‎ 第4题:设空处在when引导的时间状语从句中,其前有主语fat and salt,由此可判断设空处应为谓语动词;主语与remove为被动关系,故用被动语态;主语为复数概念,根据主谓一致原则,填are removed。‎ 第6题:even worse为固定结构,作为插入语引出更糟糕的事情。‎ 第7题:根据句子结构可判断设空处作谓语;本句介绍快餐的特征,需用一般现在时;主语为fast food,故填is。‎ 第8题:介词短语“by　8　 (eat) more fast food”作状语,介词by后需用动名词作宾语,故填eating。 ‎ 第9题:设空处前为系动词be,由此可推断设空处作表语,根据句意(然而,小心不要走极端)可知设空处应为形容词“小心的”,故填careful。‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.as　2.effects　3.to process　4.are removed　5.a　6.worse　7.is　8.eating　9.careful　10.which ‎【注释】‎ ‎①This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.这种作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而被医学界发起的趋势已经有了一些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病——这正是医学界正在努力对抗的事情。‎ 本句为复合句。句子主干为This trend has had some unintended side effects such as ‎ overweight and heart disease。which为关系代词,指代先行词this trend。the medical community was trying to fight为定语从句,修饰先行词the very thing。‎ ‎【五年高考】‎ Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅱ)‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 　1　(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 　2　 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 　3　(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 　4　 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. ‎ Steam engines 　5　(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 　6　(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 　7　 every day. ‎ Later, engineers 　8　(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 　9　(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 　10　(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. ‎ 答案 ‎1.crowds　‎ ‎2.from　‎ ‎3.laying　‎ ‎4.the　‎ ‎5.were used　‎ ‎6.fairly　‎ ‎7.it　‎ ‎8.managed　‎ ‎9.introduction　‎ ‎10.successful　‎ Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ)‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 　1　(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 　2　 model in New York. ‎ Sarah 　3　(tell) that she could be Britain