【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八（22页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八（22页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八 ‎[一]‎ Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures (核心体温) in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)．‎ In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia (低体温), which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0℃. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6℃ higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4℃. Below 29.4℃， the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9 － 15.6℃. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7℃.‎ In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hypothermia. Life threatening hypothermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6 － 41.7℃. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统，可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。‎ ‎1．Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?‎ A．Because their bodies are unusually efficient.‎ B．Because they experience different climates.‎ C．Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.‎ D．Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在不同季节，人类能够保持稳定的核心体温，是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。故选D。‎ ‎2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?‎ A．The dangerous effects of hypothermia.‎ B．The change of body temperature.‎ C．The survival of the Swedish woman.‎ D．The regulating systems of natural temperature.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段内容及第二段第一句可知，关键句为该段主题句，概括了该段大意；由此可知，第二段主要讲述低体温会造成的危害。故选A。‎ ‎3．People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature ________.‎ A．higher than 34.4℃‎ B．lower than 29.4℃‎ C．between 40.6～41.7℃‎ D．between 34.4～37℃‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“Below 29.4℃ ...usually fails.”可推知，低于29.4℃时，人体不能保持核心体温，因此无法生存。故选B。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Surviving in an ice trap B．Getting to know hypothermia C．Adapting to climate extremes D．Changing core body temperature 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)”以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。故选C。‎ ‎[二]‎ ‎“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure，” says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. “ Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure.” The French might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drink — it’s a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years.‎ ‎“Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in the country，” he says, “and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Year’s Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it’s not every day.”‎ Some people think French food life may be a performance,_adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University. “They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants (羊角面包) are factorymade, and most people are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.”‎ ‎ In Italy, as in France, takeout is still relatively rare. “Eating fast is not at all part of our culture，” says Marco Bolasco, editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are ‎ relaxed, even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure, he says. An Italian child’s first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。‎ ‎5．How have things about French food changed?‎ A．People prefer to cook at home.‎ B．More people choose to eat out.‎ C．Traditional food is less frequently cooked.‎ D．People eat faster than before.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，法国传统美食受到冲击，人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食，并不是每一天，故选择C。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “performance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．A bother.　　　　　 　B．A play.‎ C．A hobby. D．A routine.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由后文中的“people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food”可知，此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较繁琐。故此处performance指“麻烦”。故选A。‎ ‎7．Why is Italian food compared with French food in the last paragraph?‎ A．To show the advantages of Italian food.‎ B．To prove the differences between them.‎ C．To reflect the customs of Italian food.‎ D．To indicate the common points of the two.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由本段中的“In Italy, as in France”，再结合第一段中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”和最后一段中的“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知，作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点，阐明主旨，故选D。‎ ‎8．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Food as identity. B．Food as pleasure.‎ C．Food as survival. D．Food as status.‎ 解析：选B　文章大意题。由文中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”，“Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure”以及“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知答案。‎ ‎[三]‎ ‎ Rain and cold weather this summer saw honey yields from hives fall by almost three quarters, the British Beekeepers Association (BBKA) said today. The average crop per hive was down 72% compared to 2011, with just ‎3.6kg(‎8lb) of honey produced compared to an annual average, the annual honey survey by the BBKA revealed.‎ ‎ The survey of 2,712 beekeepers in England, Northern Ireland and Wales found that 88% said this summer's bad weather caused the fall in honey yields. The cold, wet conditions forced the BBKA to issue a midsummer warning to feed colonies if necessary to avoid starvation. But in London, which recorded the worst results with just ‎2.5kg(‎5.6lb) of honey harvested on average, beekeeping experts said that in addition to the bad weather there was a lack of food for bees in the city.‎ ‎ Angela Woods, secretary of the London Beekeepers Association, said: "Rather than putting beehives on office roofs, we encourage companies in London who want to help to look at different ways of supporting bees and beekeepers. We need more forage(草料) for the bees and better-educated beekeepers."‎ ‎ Elsewhere, the weather was the main problem. Peter Hutton, a beekeeper in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, said: "It has been the most difficult year I have known in my 53 years of beekeeping. Bad weather in spring prevented honey bees in many areas from collecting nectar(花蜜) from early-flowering crops such as oilseed rape, and the rain continued in many ‎ places throughout June and July, preventing honey bees from foraging(搜寻) on later crops."‎ ‎ The BBKA warned that as well as reducing the honey harvest, the bad weather is likely to have a longer-term impact as it will have affected the normal process of breeding for the queens, which mate on the wing on fine still summer days. As a result they may have mated poorly and be unable to produce sufficient new babies to see colonies through the winter.‎ ‎ 1. According to the passage, the average crop per hive in 2011 might be  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ ‎‎3.6kg B.‎ ‎ ‎‎7.2kg C.‎ ‎ ‎‎10kg D.‎ ‎ ‎‎13kg ‎ 2. The underlined word "colonies" in Paragraph 4 means  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ the honeybees B.‎ ‎ the poor beekeepers ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ the beekeeping experts D.‎ ‎ the beehives ‎ 3. Which measure is Angela Woods against?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Encouraging London companies to take part.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Needing more forage for the bees.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Putting beehives on office roofs.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Needing better-educated beekeepers.‎ ‎ 4. What caused the lack of forage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Bad weather in both autumn and winter.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Bad weather in both winter and spring.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Bad weather in both spring and summer.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Bad weather in both summer and autumn.‎ ‎ 5. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ The bad weather only has short-term impact on bees.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ The bad weather just affects honey harvest.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The bad weather has effects on bees' life in winter.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The bad weather has effects on bees' breeding.‎ 参考答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D ‎[四]‎ ‎ Tigers in Nepal seem to be taking night shifts in order to avoid their human neighbors, a study has shown. The big cats generally move around at all times of the day and night, to monitor territory, mate and hunt. But the study of tigers in Chitwan National Park—where humans and tigers walk the same paths—showed a night shift in activity. The results challenge the traditional wisdom.‎ ‎ It's traditionally thought that tigers need lots of people-free space. This can lead to people removing to make way for tigers. Tigers need resources, people need the same resources. If we operate under the traditional wisdom that tigers only can survive with space devoted only for them, there would always be conflict. If your priority is people, tigers lose out. If your priority is tigers, people lose out. ‎ ‎ Chitwan is home to about 121 tigers. People live on the park's borders, but rely on the forests for wood and grasses, venturing in on roads and narrow footpaths. Mr. Carter spent two seasons setting motion-detecting camera traps for tigers, their prey(猎物) and people who walk the roads and trails of Chitwan, both in and around the park. His analysis of the thousands of images show that people and tigers are walking the same paths, yet at different times of the day. The cameras documented a clear shift towards night activity in the tigers.‎ ‎ People generally avoid the forests at night, so dusk would seem to provide a signal for tigers to come out and play. Mr. Carter said that conditions for tigers in Chitwan were good, with high prey numbers, low levels of poaching(偷猎), and forests that are spreading outside the boundaries of the park. But, he explained: "People of different kinds, including tourists and local residents, frequent the forests of Chitwan. ‎ Tigers need to use the same space as people if they are to have an existent long-term future. What we're learning in Chitwan is that tigers seem to be adapting to make it work. We've found something very interesting is happening in Nepal that holds promise for both humans and nature to thrive."‎ ‎ 6. Why do tigers in Nepal move out at night?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ They like the darkness.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ They want to avoid their natural enemy.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ They want to avoid humans.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ They can share the same path with humans.‎ ‎ 7. What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Traditional idea on the peaceful life between people and tigers.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Traditional idea on the conflict between people and tigers.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ People should protect tigers at the cost of their own benefit.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ People should protect themselves without caring for tigers.‎ ‎ 8. The underlined word "venturing" means   in Paragraph 3.‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ advertising B.‎ ‎ adventuring C.‎ ‎ addicting D.‎ ‎ adapting ‎ 9. How did Mr. Carter learn tigers' activities?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ By personally watching their activities on the spot.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ By spending two seasons living with the tigers.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ By analyzing the images of motion-detecting camera.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ By asking the information from the park staff.‎ ‎10. What will do harm to tigers' life according to Carter?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Enough wild animals.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Almost no poaching.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The thick forests.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Human's activities in the forest.‎ ‎ 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D ‎[五]‎ Nearly a third of the world’s cacti (仙人掌) are facing the threat of extinction, according to a shocking global assessment of the effects.‎ Cacti are an important provider of food and water to desert wildlife ranging from wolves and deer to tortoises, bats and birds, and these fauna spread the plants’ seeds in return.‎ But the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s first worldwide health check of the plants says that they are coming under huge pressure from human activities such as land use changes, commercial and residential developments and shrimp farming. But the paper said the main driver of cacti species extinction was the “uncontrolled collection of live plants and private decorating collections, and annual agriculture”．‎ The findings were described as “disturbing” by Inger Andersen, the IUCN’s directorgeneral. “They confirm that the scale of the illegal wildlife trade, including the trade in plants is much greater than we had previously thought, and that illegal wildlife trade concerns many more species than the elephants which tend to receive global attention.”‎ Cacti are almost always delicious but unlike most others, they store water in their stems alone, enabling them to survive extreme droughts. The plants can be as small as one centimetre in diameter and grow above 19 metres in height. Well over half of the species are used by humans for display decoration, food or medicine. Almost 1,500 types of cacti were surveyed by the IUCN specialists over a fiveyear period, mostly in the Americans.‎ Dealing with the illegal trade is a hard task as they can be hidden in suitcases or even socks. While countries such as Peru have made ‎ progress in blocking the illegal trade, the IUCN is calling for more strictly carrying out the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in the “hotspots” of Uruguay, Brazil and Chile, and Mexico has made advances but still has work to do, according to Goettsch.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。仙人掌是沙漠中许多动物的食物来源。然而非法的动植物贸易使仙人掌面临着灭绝。由于仙人掌便于藏匿运输，阻止仙人掌非法贸易成为难题。‎ ‎9．The underlined word “fauna” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．birds B．cacti C．humans D．animals 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“to desert wildlife ranging from wolves and deer to tortoises, bats and birds”可以判断，fauna指代wolves, deer, tortoises, bats, birds等动物，故画线词意为“动物”，故D项正确。‎ ‎10．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?‎ A．What causes cacti species extinction.‎ B．What gives people pressure.‎ C．What the IUCN has found.‎ D．What farmers have planted.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第三段第一句中的“they are coming under huge pressure from human activities”以及第二句中的“the main driver of cacti species extinction was the ...”可知，该段主要讲述了仙人掌面临灭绝的原因，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．In Inger Andersen’s opinion, ________.‎ A．the findings of the IUCN are not disturbing B．the illegal plant trade is less serious than we had thought C．cacti have received much global attention D．the illegal plant trade threatens lots of wildlife 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中Inger Andersen所说的话“that ‎ illegal wildlife trade concerns many more species than the elephants which tend to receive global attention”可知，Inger Andersen认为，非法的动植物贸易威胁着许多野生生物，故D项正确。‎ ‎12．Why is it hard to fight against the illegal cacti trade?‎ A．Because cacti can be made into socks.‎ B．Because cacti are easy to carry secretly.‎ C．Because many countries carry out CITES strictly.‎ D．Because some countries made advances to trade cacti.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，由于仙人掌可以藏在手提箱甚至袜子中秘密运输，所以解决非法贸易的问题很难，故B项正确。‎ ‎[六]‎ Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.‎ Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.‎ According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive ‎ earthquake.‎ ‎ Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn’t matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.‎ However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。‎ ‎4．What is the major function of Paragraph 1?‎ A．To arouse the readers’ concern.‎ B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.‎ C．To summarize the whole passage.‎ D．To state how climate changes.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，最新研究数据表明，即将到来的世界气候的巨大变化将严重影响社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。‎ ‎5．What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?‎ A．To show major changes will take place on the planet.‎ B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.‎ C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.‎ D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been ‎ showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球已有发生重大变化的迹象。故选A项。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’ effects?‎ A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.‎ B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.‎ C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.‎ D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项表述错误。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly. ‎ B．There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.‎ C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.‎ D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。‎ ‎[七]‎ I passed my driving test at the fourth attempt. You might think that means I’m not as safe as someone who passed on their first attempt. But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and that’s why automotive firms have included driverassist functions in their driverless cars. This allows the human driver to take over if there is a problem.‎ Google is one producer that has prototype driverless cars. These cars have been newly equipped with autosteering wheels and conventional controls to allow normal driving. But this is just a stage — the vision is to have fully automated cars very soon. The director of Google’s selfdrive project, Chris Urmson, hopes his 11yearold son will never have to take a driving test. To achieve that, the cars need to be on the roads in five years. He says driverless cars will greatly reduce accidents and traffic jams.‎ According to Chris, about 1.2 million people are killed on the roads around the world each year. That number is equivalent to a jet falling out of the sky every day. He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problems. “If we are really going to make changes to our cities, get rid of parking lots, we need selfdrive cars，” he says.‎ Google’s prototypes have covered over a million kilometers on the road. They have also had to deal with unexpected situations, such as a child driving a toy car in the road, and a woman in an electric wheelchair chasing a duck. In each case, the car reacted safely.‎ Some are not convinced. Sven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶汽车尽管能够减少交通事故和交通堵塞，但是，它的安全性还有待验证。‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s chief concern about driverless cars?‎ A．Functions.　　　　　　　 B．Safety.‎ C．Price. D．Appearance.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句“But would you feel ... in their driverless cars.”可知，作者主要关心的是无人驾驶汽车的安全问题。故选B。‎ ‎9．Chris Urmson mentioned his 11yearold son in order to show ‎ that ________.‎ A．traditional cars are harmful for kids B．his son is not good at driving C．his son is a slow learner in driving D．driverless cars will come soon 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句可知，Chris Urmson希望他11岁的儿子将来不用参加驾照考试。为了实现这个愿望，无人驾驶汽车须在5年之内上市，即在他的儿子16岁之前。由此可知，Chris Urmson提到他儿子是为了说明无人驾驶汽车很快就能被生产出来。故选D。‎ ‎10．What is Chris Urmson’s comment on selfdrive cars?‎ A．They can solve many existing problems.‎ B．They are safer than a jet plane.‎ C．They can completely change our cities.‎ D．They should change gradually.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He says driverless cars will greatly ... jams.”和第三段最后一句“’If we are really ...’ he says.”可知，无人驾驶汽车可以减少交通事故、交通堵塞和停车场拥挤等现存的问题。故选A。‎ ‎11．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Google’s prototypes will be tested on the roads soon.‎ B．Selfdrive cars are not designed for children or women.‎ C．Concerns remain about the reliability of selfdrive cars.‎ D．Driving tests will be easier to pass in the near future.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some are not convinced ... in extreme circumstances.”可知，Sven Beiker认为在极端环境下，无人驾驶汽车还是需要人工来操作。由此可推知，有些人还是担心无人驾驶汽车的安全问题。故选C。‎ ‎[八]‎ When slaves were first brought over from West Africa to the southern ‎ parts of America, they brought along with them aspects of their own culture — religion, dance, language, music, and cuisine. A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared. The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston, and tribal chants slowly transformed into sorrowful hymns (圣歌) sung by slaves that described their hardships.‎ These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called “the blues”， which continued in popularity among African Americans after the Civil War. This music increased in popularity into the early 1900s when many black musicians became an important part of the music industry.‎ The slaves that had been brought over were from all different regions of West Africa, but they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture. This strengthened the identity of their music that, in the 1950s, eventually led to the beginning of rock and roll. The Beatles, the most influential band of the 1960s, are often determined as the accelerator that resulted in the ideology (意识形态) surrounding music that is still around today. The freedom and individuality associated with that time period brought forth a whole culture surrounding music. It was not just music any more, but a lifestyle.‎ Over the decades, music has developed into such a vital part of society and pop culture. Musicians are glorified, with tons of adoring and screaming fans. The modern technology of present day has allowed for a greater gap between the creator of the music and the fans, as well as the widespread commercialization of music.However, criticisms of modern pop music often arise due to its mass production, and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in the early 20th century.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当奴隶开始被从西非带到美国南部时，他们也带来了自己的文化——宗教、舞蹈、语言、音乐和烹饪。本文主要讲的是音乐在文化融合中的发展。‎ ‎12．What contributed to the birth of the Charleston?‎ A．Various African religions.‎ B．People’s love of tribal dances.‎ C．A mix of two different cultures.‎ D．The popularity of sorrowful hymns.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared. The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston”可知，两种文化的混合促进了Charleston的出现。故选C。‎ ‎13．According to the passage, what can we learn about the blues?‎ A．It became popular in the late 20th century.‎ B．It may include the description of slaves’ sad lives.‎ C．It mainly told the stories of the American Civil War.‎ D．It reflected the hard lives of many black musicians.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called ’the blues’”可知，对在苛刻的气候和环境下工作的奴隶的那些深情凄婉的描述被称作“the blues”。故选B。‎ ‎14．What does the underlined word “This” in the third paragraph refer to?‎ A．Slaves’ collective work.‎ B．One region of West Africa.‎ C．The new common culture.‎ D．The music by the Beatles.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture. This strengthened ...”可知，他们一起工作直到他们逐渐形成一种共同的文化。故选C。‎ ‎15．It can be learned that the music in the early 20th century ________.‎ A．possessed soul and sincerity B．became more commercialized C．was blamed for its mass production D．widened the gap between musicians and fans 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in the early 20th century”可知，选A。‎ ‎[九]‎ More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed, causing problems with sleep. A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night. Prof Richard Wiseman, who commissioned the YouGov poll described the findings as “extremely worrying”. Of the 2,149 adults questioned, 78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed. This rose to 91% among the 18 to 24yearolds questioned in the survey.‎ Getting less than seven hours sleep a night is below the recommended guidelines, and is associated with a range of problems, including an increased risk of weight gain, heart attacks, diabetes and cancer. “The blue light from these devices suppresses (压制) the production of the sleepinducing hormone melatonin, so it’s important to avoid them before bedtime，” said Prof Richard Wiseman, from the University of Hertfordshire. ‎ Everyone needs different amounts of sleep, but adults are generally thought to require a minimum of seven to eight hours a night. Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine hours. The proportion(比例)of people thought to be getting too little sleep had risen by a fifth since a “bedroom poll” conducted last year by the National Sleep Foundation.‎ Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of eye damage. Optician ‎ Andy Hepworth said, “Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.” So over a long period of time it can damage your eyes. When you’re looking at a smartphone, the light peaking out of that is blue violet. The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 32 times a day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，睡前使用智能手机将导致睡眠问题，同时对视力也带来损害。‎ ‎4．The purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．stress that people don’t use smartphones B．remind people of enough sleep C．ask people not to sleep too much D．tell people not to use smartphone before bed 解析：选D　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的第一句可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，并因此导致睡眠问题；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们不要在睡前玩智能手机，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．According to a new survey, more than 28 million people in the UK get more than seven hours sleep a night. ‎ B．More than 90% of young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed.‎ C．Of the 2,149 adults questioned, 91% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.‎ D．The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 30 times a day.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten ...causing problems with sleep.”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．According to what Andy Hepworth said, the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of ________. ‎ A．weight gain B．cancer C．eye damage D．heart attacks 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一、二句可知，Andy Hepworth认为，过度使用智能手机会损伤眼睛，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．Teenagers are generally thought to get sleep of ______ a night.‎ A．about 9 hours B．7－8 hours C．less than 7 hours D．more than 10 hours 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine hours.”可知，青少年所需要的睡眠时间是每天大概9个小时，故A项正确。‎ ‎[十]‎ More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed, causing problems with sleep. A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night. Prof Richard Wiseman, who commissioned the YouGov poll described the findings as “extremely worrying”. Of the 2,149 adults questioned, 78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed. This rose to 91% among the 18 to 24yearolds questioned in the survey.‎ Getting less than seven hours sleep a night is below the recommended guidelines, and is associated with a range of problems, including an increased risk of weight gain, heart attacks, diabetes and cancer. “The blue light from these devices suppresses (压制) the production of the sleepinducing hormone melatonin, so it’s important to avoid them before bedtime，” said Prof Richard Wiseman, from the University of Hertfordshire. ‎ Everyone needs different amounts of sleep, but adults are generally thought to require a minimum of seven to eight hours a night. Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine hours. The proportion(比例)of ‎ people thought to be getting too little sleep had risen by a fifth since a “bedroom poll” conducted last year by the National Sleep Foundation.‎ Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of eye damage. Optician Andy Hepworth said, “Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.” So over a long period of time it can damage your eyes. When you’re looking at a smartphone, the light peaking out of that is blue violet. The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 32 times a day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，睡前使用智能手机将导致睡眠问题，同时对视力也带来损害。‎ ‎4．The purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．stress that people don’t use smartphones B．remind people of enough sleep C．ask people not to sleep too much D．tell people not to use smartphone before bed 解析：选D　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的第一句可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，并因此导致睡眠问题；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们不要在睡前玩智能手机，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．According to a new survey, more than 28 million people in the UK get more than seven hours sleep a night. ‎ B．More than 90% of young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed.‎ C．Of the 2,149 adults questioned, 91% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.‎ D．The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 30 times a day.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ‎ ten ...causing problems with sleep.”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．According to what Andy Hepworth said, the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people’s risk of ________. ‎ A．weight gain B．cancer C．eye damage D．heart attacks 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一、二句可知，Andy Hepworth认为，过度使用智能手机会损伤眼睛，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．Teenagers are generally thought to get sleep of ______ a night.‎ A．about 9 hours B．7－8 hours C．less than 7 hours D．more than 10 hours 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine hours.”可知，青少年所需要的睡眠时间是每天大概9个小时，故A项正确。‎