【英语】河南省安阳市2020届高三第一次调研试题(解析版）

【英语】河南省安阳市2020届高三第一次调研试题(解析版）

河南省安阳市 2020 届高三第一次调研英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A NYRR is celebrating 20 years of free youth running in Central Park at the NYRR Summer Community Run. This event is perfect for all ages, with waves for runners, walkers, and families with strollers（婴儿车）, to encourage participation by all. Take on a 1.5-mile course and then enjoy the post-race festival full of fun activities. Note: Please be sure to register all those who will be participating on race day—including those little ones in the stroller. Live Results Live unofficial results are available during the race at liveresults. nyrr. org and in the NYRR app, including leaderboards, map tracking, and an individual runner search that can be shared on Twitter. Race Number Pickup Numbers and souvenir （ New Balance water bottle ） may be picked up at the NYRR RUNCENTER at 320 West 57th Street on the following dates: * Sunday, August 11, 9: 00 a. m. —5: 00 p. m. * Monday—Friday, August 12—August 16, 7: 00 a. m. —8: 00 p. m. * Saturday, August 17, 8: 00 a. m. —7: 00 p. m. Show the QR code（二维码） from your race confirmation email or your NYRR account to pick up your race materials. Please pick up during the week to avoid crowds on race day. Race-day lines may affect your ability to get to the start on time. Please note that souvenirs may not be available at race-day pickup. Race-day pickup will be available at Race-Day Central in Central Park from 6: 00 a.m. to 7: 30 a. m. Detailed Route Info Begin your race on the west side of the 72nd St Transverse, and head south around the southern end of the park, continuing onto East Drive. Turn left onto the 72nd St Transverse and head to the finish line near Bethesda Terrace. 1. What can we learn about NYRR Summer Community Run? A. It will last for a week. B. Its distance is 1.5 miles. C. It will be broadcast live on TV. D. It’s designed for families with babies. 2. When can participants pick up race materials? A. August 11, 8: 00 p.m. B. August 12, 6: 00 a. m. C. August 15, 7: 00 p.m. D. August 17, 7: 00 a. m. 3. Where will the participants start the race? A. At the NYRR RUNCENTER. B. On the 72nd St Transverse. C. At Race-Day Central. D. Near Bethesda Terrace. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 NYRR 举办的一项活动，并介绍了比赛用品的领 取时间、地点以及路线等。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 Take on a 1.5-mile course and then enjoy the post-race festival full of fun activities.可知，这个比赛的里程是 1.5 英里。B 选项描述正确，故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Race Number Pickup 部分 Monday—Friday，August 12—August 16， 7:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m.”可知，8 月 15 日下午 7 点可以领取比赛用品，故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据末段首句“Begin your race on the west side of the 72nd St Transverse” 可知，参加比赛的人们要从 the 72nd St Transverse 开始，故选 B。 B When young, I loved going on trail（小路） runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D. program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run did just the opposite. After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn’t keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my watch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was underperforming. “Why can’ t I let go and just enjoy myself?” I wondered. But after some introspection（反省）, I realized why I was struggling—both on trail runs and in graduate school. Going into my Ph. D. , I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser’s office. Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadn’t properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run. A Ph. D. is like a trail run: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snail’s pace. And that’s OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes it’s best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge. 4. How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again? A. Relaxed. B. Tired. C. Anxious. D. Happy. 5. What resulted in the author’s poor performance in Ph. D? A. His lack of confidence. B. His lack of hard work. C. His poor research abilities. D. His poor track record. 6. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph? A. His desire for success. B. His confidence of trail runs. C. His expectations in his study. D. His realization after the trail run. 7. What does the author want to tell us? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Working out regularly is beneficial. C. It’s important to make necessary adjustments. D. It’s vital to turn to others for help. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在城市水泥路上和在乡村小路上跑步时的不同感受， 反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因，告诉读者要学会根据情况来调整自己的预期，去 收获成功与满足。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“but I worried I was underperforming”可知，跑步没能让作 者放松，相反却感到焦虑，故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.”可知，作者在学业 方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。上文中作者对比了在城市水泥路上跑步和在乡村小路上跑步的不同，因此 在文章末段作者表达了自己在经历这件事后的领悟，故选 D。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。作者在文章中主要通过自己跑步时不同感受的对比，反省了自己在博士课 程方面不如意的原因， 告诉读者要学会根据不同的情况来调整自己的预期，故选 C。 【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提 问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题 型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅 都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速 阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把 否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。如第 2 小题，根据第三段中的“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选 A。 C One of the most expensive parts of flying is the cost of gas, not to mention the environmental effect it brings. An Israeli startup called Eviation Aircraft hopes to solve the problems. They displayed the world’s first all-electric passenger airplane this week at the Paris Air Show. The lightweight plane—playfully called Alice—will be able to fly about 600 miles between charges. So it will focus on transportation between cities. It seats nine passengers and two crew members. A typical flight should cost a customer about $200. “The fact that we’re building an electric plane from scratch instead of just refitting an existing plane with a battery means that we can design our aircraft to be more effective and efficient than present planes,”said Eviation co-founder Omer Bar Yohay. He predicts that per seat, per mile, the cost would be equal to that of a taxi or train. The demand for electrically powered aircraft is projected to reach hundreds of planes per year within the next decade. The change from gas to electric in power is expected to save millions of dollars in fuel costs, not to mention the environmental benefits including significant reduction of air pollution and noise levels. When it comes to the new possibilities, Yosef Abramowitz, an energy industry expert, said, “In modern life, it is important to fight climate change and now we have a path to do so in flying.” Abramowitz, a tireless advocate for solar power, added, “The batteries will hopefully be charged with solar energy too.” To help further save fuel costs, the designers have also invented a“taxibot” that drags planes from the passenger gate to the runway, so the planes needn’t run their engines. After appearing at the Paris Air Show, the Alice will travel to the U.S. for further tests. It is expected that the first commercial flights will take off in 2022. “I think for the first time in a very, very long time, we can look at flight again and talk about the next revolution,” Bar Yohay said. 8. What is the advantage of the new plane? A. It can save more costs. B. It is powered by solar energy. C. It is much faster and cheaper. D. It can be charged during the flight. 9. What does the underlined part“from scratch in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Without help. B. From a distance. C. In secret. D. From the very beginning. 10. How did Abramowitz sound when talking about the electric plane? A. Doubtful. B. Modest. C. Stressed. D. Excited. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. All-electric Planes Will Take Over the Sky One Day B. The World’s First All-electric Plane Proved a Success C. The World’s First All-electric Plane Makes Its Appearance D. Israeli Is Advancing in Making the First All-electric Plane 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了以色列研制的世界上第一架全电动飞机，这架客机可以 容纳 9 名乘客，预计到 2022 年这种商业客机将投入使用。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The change from gas to electric in power is expected to save millions of dollars in fuel costs”可知，新式的电动飞机能够节约费用，故选 A。 【9 题详解】 词意猜测题。根据本句后面部分的对比可知，以色列是从头开始建造一架电动飞机，而 不是对现有的飞机进行改装。“from scratch”意思是从头开始，故选 D。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 Abramowitz, a tireless advocate for solar power, added,“The batteries will hopefully be charged with solar energy too.” （阿布拉莫维茨是一位不知疲倦的 太阳能倡导者，他补充说:“电池也有望用太阳能充电。”）可知，Abramowitz 因为找到了应 对气候变化的办法而感到骄傲与兴奋，故选 D。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段 They displayed the world’ s first all-electric passenger airplane this week at the Paris Air Show.（本周，他们在巴黎航空展上展示了世界上第一架全电动客机）是 全文的主题句，由此可知这篇文章主要介绍了世界上第一架用电做动力的飞机，由此判断 C 选项做文章标题最合适，故选 C。 【点睛】通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解 题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。小题 3 根据第五段中的“In modem life, it is important to fight climate change and now we have a path to do so in flying.”（ 在现代生活中， 对抗气候变化是很重要的，而现在我们有办法在飞行中做到这一点。）可知，Abramowitz 因 为找到了应对气候变化的办法而感到骄傲与兴奋，故选 D。 D We tend to think of our dreams as being uniquely personal—nighttime stories built from our own experiences that help us process our day-to-day lives. While dreams can give us a look into our personal selves, scientists have collected data that suggests dreams make their way into our cultural fabric（结构）, showing themselves in ways that shape beliefs and expose collective anxieties. Roger Ivar Lohmann of Trent University conducted research with the Asabano people of the rainforest of Papua New Guinea, a unique group who didn’ t have outside contact until 1963. His studies looked at how dreams shape their beliefs and actions. According to Lohmann’ s research, dreams act as a sort of motivator or determinant of Asabano behavior. For instance, a dream may affect the way a person hunts or goes about treating medical conditions. The way dreams determine behavior is due to what Lohmann calls the “night residue” effect. This means that specific memories of dreams can affect the way a person acts when awake and inform their belief system. Dreams also seem to have an effect on the way many define themselves within their own cultures, and how sometimes reaching a distinct definition can cause anxiety. Matt Newsom of Washington State University spoke with college students in Berlin, and found many students had dreams surrounding conflicting views about their own identities（身份） in relation to what they saw as a return of German nationalism, which is a sensitive subject especially when we think of German identity as it’ s defined even many years after World War Ⅱ. Many students had dreams that centered around anxieties like “Where do I belong?” Many students never talked with one another about identity struggles in their dreams, yet many reported having such dreams. Newsom noted that dreams can be helpful “ for identifying （ 识 别 ） unspoken social and historical anxieties present in a given society.” All of this research suggests that dreams can do more than help explain the thought of a person; we can learn about entire cultures and collective attitudes as well. 12. What is the purpose of Lohmann’ s research? A. To prove dreams can show personal selves. B. To explore Asabano people’s inside anxiety. C. To find out the effect of dreams on beliefs and actions. D. To learn about Asabano people’s culture and tradition. 13. What troubles German college students? A. Confusion about their identities. B. Terrible dreams about World WarⅡ. C. Anxieties of talking about their dreams. D. Conflicting views about German nationalism. 14. Which of the following is Newsom’s view about dreams? A. They can predict a person’s future. B. They can expose people’s anxieties. C. They can inspire people’s creativity. D. They are the products of human society. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Dreams promote cultural progress. B. Dreams can go into cultural fabric. C. Dreams reflect people’s cultural background. D. People s daily dreams are based on culture. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究发现，梦不仅能够反映人们日常生活中的所思所 见，而且还能够进入我们的文化，影响人们的行为、暴露社会群体的焦虑。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，Lohmann 研究的目的是了解梦是如何影响人们的 信念和行为的，故选 C。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五、六段内容可知，德国大学生的内心存在一种对自己身份认知的 困惑和焦虑，故选 A。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段末句可知，Newsom 认为梦在识别社会群体焦虑方面是有帮助 的，换句话说，梦能够暴露人们的内心焦虑，故选 B。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究人员发现梦可以进人我们的文化结构，能够影响人们 的行为并展示社会集体的焦虑，故选 B。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Grow Organic Tomatoes in a Container Anyone who has seen tomatoes growing in a garden knows that they tend to be huge plants. ___16___ So the first thing to do when considering growing tomatoes in a pot is to find a suitable variety. After you find the perfect plant, it is time to plant it. In general, plastic or fiberglass pots are best for growing tomatoes. They don’t dry out quickly. While tomatoes love heat, they don’t like being dry. ___17___ Besides, tomatoes need to grow in a reasonably large pot. A pot must be 8 inches deep. That’ s the absolute minimum. A 12- or 16-inch pot is even better. Any good quality organic potting soil works for tomatoes. Don’t use soil dug directly from the garden. ___18___ Compost-based soil, whether purchased or mixed from your special recipe, is nice. When planting the tomato, put some soil in the bottom of the pot and set the plant in. After you have the plant set at the proper level, fill in around it with soil. The soil should go up to about an inch below the rim of the pot to allow room for watering. ___19___ The best way to tell when to water is to stick your finger into the soil—if the first two inches are dry, it’s time to water. The trickiest thing about growing tomatoes in a pot is that they are heavy feeders. Every time you water, you wash nutrients out of the soil. So fertilize（施肥）regularly. Once a month is good. But every other week, applying the fertilizer at half-strength is better. ___20___ A. It is too heavy for container gardens. B. That’s why clay pots are popular. C. Instead, use whatever soil you can get. D. And dry soil can reduce fruit production. E. This provides constant nutrients for the tomato plants. F. They require people’s much work to stay manageable. G. Tomatoes don’t like being dry, so water them regularly. 【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何在容器中种植有机西红柿。 【16 题详解】 下文 So the first thing to do when considering growing tomatoes in a pot is to find a suitable variety.说所以，考虑在花盆里种西红柿时，首先要做的是找到一个合适的品种。该空引出下 文，F 选项“它们需要人们的大量工作来保持可控”切题，故选 F。 【17 题详解】 上文 While tomatoes love heat, they don’t like being dry.说虽然西红柿喜欢热，但它们不 喜欢干。该空承接上文，D 选项“干旱的土壤会减少水果的产量”切题，故选 D。 【18 题详解】 上文 Don’t use soil dug directly from the garden.说不要直接从花园里挖土。该空承接上 文，A 选项“对于容器花园来说太重了”切题，故选 A。 【19 题详解】 下文 The best way to tell when to water is to stick your finger into the soil—if the first two inches are dry, it’s time to water.说判断什么时候浇水最好的方法是把你的手指伸进土里—— 如果头两英寸是干的，就该浇水了。该空引出下文，G 选项“西红柿不喜欢干，所以要经常 浇水”切题，故选 G。 【20 题详解】 上文 But every other week, applying the fertilizer at half-strength is better.说但每隔一周，以 半强度施肥效果更好。该空承接上文，E 选项“这为番茄植株提供了恒定的营养”切题，故 选 E。 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第—节（共 20 小题；每小题 1．5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Nearly seven years ago, I hitchhiked （ 搭 顺 风 车 ） across Canada. It was an exciting experience, which allowed me to look into the ___21___ of humanity. Once, I was dropped off in front of a（n）___22___ woman, who had pulled over because her ___23___ had broken down. I approached to make sure she was ___24___. She assured me she was fine and that her husband was on his way with a truck. So I went back to my ___25___, standing about 150 metres away. Her husband arrived. And ___26___ they had picked up the broken-down car, the old couple ___27___ to bring me back to their place for lunch. I ___28___ agreed. But our ___29___ was very funny. I could not— for the life of me — figure out what her husband was ___30___. He spoke English, but his strong accent made it ___31___ to understand. Every time he spoke to me, I’ d have to ___32___, “I m sorry, but what did you say?” And every time I said this, his wife would ___33___:“He saaaaaaid”and then ___34___ her husband’ s words. But we had a good time together. This old couple’s random ___35___ was just what I enjoyed about hitchhiking. You have non-stop social interactions（互动）that are authentic but only in a ___36___ time. A person becomes an important part of your life for an hour or two and then they ___37___. However, the beauty of these ___38___ being so kind never gets old. Each meeting I had was ___39___ into my little treasury（宝库） of memories that has begun to ___40___ with time. But together, they paint a broader picture of harmony in this country. 21. A. weakness B. origin C. beauty D. chain 22. A. elegant B. healthy C. dirty D. elderly 23. A. bike B. car C. truck D. motorbike 24. A. okay B. alive C. injured D. awake 25. A. climbing B. walking C. camping D. hitchhiking 26. A. until B. when C. before D. because 27. A. offered B. applied C. managed D. helped 28. A. roughly B. unwillingly C. happily D. proudly 29. A. teamwork B. ending C. plan D. communication 30. A. doing B. suffering C. doubting D. saying 31. A. easy B. impossible C. normal D. embarrassing 32. A. remind B. note C. ask D. require 33. A. step in B. call in C. hold on D. look forward 34. A. translate B. accept C. ignore D. check 35. A. survey B. kindness C. permission D. occupation 36. A. long B. pleasant C. short D. fixed 37. A. disappear B. stay C. succeed D. agree 38. A. tourists B. drivers C. couples D. strangers 39. A. knocked B. divided C. inserted D. broken 40. A. deepen B. fade C. settle D. spread 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了作者在搭顺风车横穿加拿大途中的一次经历，这次 经历让作者感受到了人性的美好和善良。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一次令人兴奋的经历，让我看到了人性的美丽。A. weakness 弱点；B. origin 起源；C. beauty 美丽；D. chain 束缚。根据下文内容可知，作者主 要在文章中讲述的是人性的善良和美好。故选 C。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我把车停在一位老妇人的前面，老妇人因为车坏 了把车停在路边。A. elegant 优雅的；B. healthy 健康的；C. dirty 脏的；D. elderly 上了年纪 的。根据下文中出现的“old couple”可知，作者在路边遇到的是一位老太太，故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我把车停在一位老妇人的前面，老妇人因为车坏了 把车停在路边。A. bike 自行车；B. car 汽车；C. truck 卡车；D. motorbike 摩托车。根据下文 中的“the broken-down car”可知，这位老太太的汽车出故障了，故选 B。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我上前确认她安全的。A. okay 安全的；B. alive 活着的； C. injured 受伤的；D. awake 醒着的。根据后句内容可知，作者出自关心上前确认老人安全， 故选 A。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是我又继续搭便车，站在 150 米开外的地方。A. climbing 爬山；B. walking 步行；C. camping 露营；D. hitchhiking 搭乘。根据上文可知，作者是在搭 乘顺风车旅行，所以在确认老人安全后就去路边等顺风车，故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：当老人他们用卡车拖好汽车之后，提议作者前往他家共进午 餐。A. until 直到……为止；B. when 当……时；C. before 在……之前；D. because 因为，根 据题意，故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当老人他们用卡车拖好汽车之后，提议作者前往他家共进午 餐。A. offered 提议；B. applied 应用；C. managed 管理；D. helped 帮助。根据后句中的“agreed" 可知，老夫妇主动请作者去他们家吃午饭，故选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作者非常高兴地答应了。A. roughly 粗糙地；B. unwillingly 不情愿地；C. happily 高兴地；D. proudly 骄傲地，根据题意，故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我们的交流很有趣。A. teamwork 团队合作；B. ending 结局；C. plan 计划；D. communication 交流。根据下文内容可知，作者和老人的丈夫的对话 很有趣，因为作者听不懂老人在说什么，故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无论如何也猜不透她丈夫在说什么。A. doing 做；B. suffering 遭受；C. doubting 怀疑；D. saying 说。根据下文的“I’m sorry, but what did you say?”可知， 作者听不懂老人说的是什么。故选 D。 【31 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说英语，但他浓重的口音使人听不懂。A. easy 容易的； B. impossible 不可能的；C. normal 正常的；D. embarrassing 令人尴尬的。根据下文内容可知， 作者听不懂老人说的话，由此推断老人浓重的口音让人们不可能明白他在说什么。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次他跟我说话，我都会问:“对不起，你说什么?” A. remind 提醒；B. note 注意；C. ask 问；D. require 要求。根据“I’m sorry, but what did you say?”可 知，老人每次同作者讲话，作者都不得不询问老人在说什么。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每次我这么说，他的妻子都会插话。A. step in 插话； B. call in 召集；C. hold on 继续；D. look forward 盼望。根据语境可知，当作者听不懂老 人说的话时，老太太就插话，给作者进行解释。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后翻译她丈夫的话。A. translate 翻译；B. accept 接受；C. ignore 忽略；D. check 核实。根据语境可知，当作者听不懂老人说的话时，老太太就插话， 给作者进行解释。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对老夫妇随意的善意正是我喜欢搭便车旅行的原因。A. survey 调查；B. kindness 仁慈；C. permission 允许；D. occupation 职业。根据上文故事内容 可知，老人对作者表现出来的是善良。故选 B。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你有不间断的真实的社交活动，但只是在很短的时间内。 A. long 长的；B. pleasant 令人愉快的；C. short 短的； D. fixed 确定的。根据下文中的“for an hour or two”可知，作者在路上遇到的人们只是在短时间内有着交集。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人成为你生命中重要的一两个小时，然后他们就消失了。 A. disappear 消失；B. stay 逗留；C. succeed 成功；D. agree 同意。根据语境可知，作者路上 遇到的人们在同行一段时间后会彼此分手，离去，继续走自己的路。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些陌生人的善良之美永远不会变老。A. tourists 旅 游者；B. drivers 司机；C. couples 夫妻；D. strangers 陌生人。从故事内容可知，作者在搭乘 顺风车旅行的时候基本上遇到的都是陌生人。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把每次的相遇都加入到记忆的宝库中，随着时间的流逝， 这些记忆已经开始褪色。A. knocked 敲；B. divided 分开；C. inserted 加入；D. broken 打破。 根据情理可知，作者非常珍惜旅途中的邂逅，把每次的相遇都加入到记忆的宝库。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，记忆的宝库慢慢褪色了，但是，这些美好 的回忆共同描绘了更广阔的、和谐的图景。A. deepen 加深；B. fade 褪色；C. settle 解决；D. spread 传播。根据题意，故选 B。 【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学 们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第 2 小题根据下文中出现的“old couple” 可知，作者在路边遇到的是一位老太太，故选 D。第 3 小题根据下文中的“the broken-down car”可知，这位老太太的汽车出故障了，故选 B。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1．5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写 在答题卡上。 Household garbage sorting and recycling has become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China’ s first compulsive garbage-separation law ___41___ every household and institution shall classify waste into four ___42___（category）. Those who fail to sort garbage may ___43___（fine） up to 200 yuan. Previously, everything went into one bin, so this change has made many people very ___44___ （worry）, who said they were struggling to master the details quickly. Now thanks to the efforts of ___45___ number of young programmers, discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo ____46____ calling someone using your smartphone. They have applied speech and image recognition technologies ___47___ apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage-separation rules. Most of the apps and services, which ___48___（begin）springing up last month in app stores, on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay, allow users to type in the name of waste ___49___（identify） which category it belongs to. Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier, but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese ___50___（become） more accustomed to the rules. 【答案】41. that 42. categories 43. be fined 44. worried 45. a 46. or 47. to 48. began 49. to identify 50. becoming 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了上海实行垃圾分类的情况，针对人们的困惑，不仅政府 组织宣传活动而且技术人员也研发出 app 来帮助人们进行正确的垃圾分类。 【41 题详解】 考查同位语从句。根据结构可知，law 后面是同位语从句，用来解释“law”的具体内 容，而从句中不缺少成分，所以填 that。 【42 题详解】 考查名词单复数。根据空前的“four”可以判断，用名词复数形式，所以填 categories。 【43 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：那些不进行垃圾分类的人可能会被罚款 200 元。根据句意，判断 此处是表示被动含义，用其被动形式，所以填 be fined。 【44 题详解】 考查词性转换。在“make+宾语+宾补”结构中，应该用形容词作补语，说明宾语的状 况，所以填 worried。 【45 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：现在，由于一些年轻程序员的努力，发现每一块生活垃圾的正确分类 已经变得像拍照或用智能手机打电话那么简单。根据句意可知，此处表示“很多，大量”， 应该用 a number of，所以填 a。 【46 题详解】 考查连词。句意：现在，由于一些年轻程序员的努力，发现每一块生活垃圾的正确分类 已经变得像拍照或用智能手机打电话那么简单。根据句意判断，在句中“拍照”（taking a photo） 和“对着手机说话”（calling someone using your smartphone）两个动作之间是选择关系，所 以填 or。 【47 题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们将语音和图像识别技术应用到应用程序和其他智能手机服务中， 以指导上海居民遵守垃圾分类规定。 applyto 意为“把……应用于……”，该短语是固定短 语，所以填 to。 【48 题详解】 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last month”判断，应该用一般过去时，谓语动词应该 用过去式，所以填 began。 【49 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：上个月开始在应用商店、即时通讯工具微信和移动支付服务支 付宝(Alipay)上出现的大多数应用和服务，允许用户输入垃圾名称，以确定垃圾属于哪个类 别。根据句意判断，空格处内容应该是表示“输入垃圾名字（type in the name of waste）”的 目的，故用不定式，所以填 to identify。 【50 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。从结构判断，此处是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，其中宾语 the Chinese 和动词 become 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，所以填 becoming。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 It was Sunday yesterday. I didn’t need go to school. So together with my friend, I went on a picnic. Carrying a bag of food, we set it out. The sky was blue but the air was fresh to breathe. We were very excited. All of the sudden, I felt my bike became very heavy. I realize there must have been something wrong with it. Sure enough, one of the tires got flatter. I had no choice but to walk. However, with two friends around me, I didn’t feel disappointed. Late, a truck driver volunteered to get my bike repair. I was really lucky to meet such kind a man. 【答案】第一处： need 后加 to 第二处： friend→friends 第三处： 去掉 it 第四处： but→and 第五处： the→a 第六处： realize →realized 第七处： flatter→flat 第八处： late→later 第九处： repair→ repaired 第十处： such→so 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了星期日，作者和朋友去野餐的经历。作者自行车车带瘪 了，一位卡车司机自愿帮作者修理自行车。作者感叹很幸运遇到了这么善良的人。 【详解】第一处：考查固定用法。句意：我不需要去学校。前面有 didn’t ，由此判断 出 need 不是情态动词。need to do sth.需要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以 need 后加 to。 第二处：考查名词单复数。根据下文 with two friends around me 可知我的朋友不止一个 人，用名词复数，所以 friend 改成 friends。 第三处：考查固定短语。句意：我们带着一袋食物出发了。set out 出发，该短语是固定 短语，所以去掉 it。 第四处：考查连词。句意：天空是蓝色的，呼吸的空气是新鲜的。文中表示并列关系， 所以 but 改成 and。 第五处：考查固定短语。句意：突然，我觉得我的自行车变得很重。all of a sudden 突 然地，该短语是固定短语，所以 the 改成 a。 第六处：考查时态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以 realize 改成 realized。 第七处：考查形容词。句意：果然，一个轮胎瘪了。get 是系动词，后面接形容词的原 级，所以 flatter 改成 flat。 第八处：考查副词。句意：后来，一位卡车司机自愿帮我修理自行车。文中表示“后来”， 用副词，所以 late 改成 later。 第九处：考查过去分词。句意：后来，一位卡车司机自愿帮我修理自行车。“自行车” 和“修理”之间是被动关系，用 get sth. done 结构，所以 repair 改成 repaired。 第十处：考查常见用法。句意：我很幸运遇到了这么善良的人。such 后面接名词，so 后面接形容词，kind 是形容词，所以 such 改成 so。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是李华，你的笔友 Tom 来信询问你的暑假生活，请你给他写一封回信。内容 包括： 1．讲述你做志愿者的经历； 2．介绍你的收获和心得； 3．希望了解他的暑期生活。 注意：1．词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Tom, I am glad to have received your letter. Now I can’t wait to share with you what I did during the holiday. For a month, I worked as a volunteer in a primary school in Guizhou, where I taught the students drawing. The students showed great interest in my lessons and a few of them did have a gift for art. We got on very well. At the same time, I learned to plant vegetables and gained much agricultural knowledge. Life was tough there. Compared with those children, we are really happy. So we should value our life and help those in need. How was your summer holiday? Looking forward to your letter! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 这篇书面表达是一篇书信写作。要求你给你的笔友 Tom 写一封回信，介绍自己的暑假 生活。 【详解】假定你是李华，你的笔友 Tom 来信询问你的暑假生活，请你给他写一封回信。 内容包括： 1．讲述你做志愿者的经历；2．介绍你的收获和心得；3．希望了解他的暑期生活。分 析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般过去时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自 己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。 文章分三个自然段进行写作：第一段说明自己此次写信的目的；第二段详细介绍自己的暑假 生活；第三段期待收到回信。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以 灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显 得更连贯。 【点睛】这篇电子邮件的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的 连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。Now I can’t wait to share with you what I did during the holiday. 宾语从句的运用；For a month, I worked as a volunteer in a primary school in Guizhou, where I taught the students drawing.定语从句的运用。