冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密11并列句和状语从句

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密11并列句和状语从句

【考点解读】 重点把握引导并列句和时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词的灵活运 用。掌握状语从句的时态、语态、语气和省略 【命题规律】 考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力，与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查近年高考的 发展趋向：从属连词在具体语境中的运用，及从属连词词义的延伸。设问角度越来越多样化。 【备考策略】 考生要具备全面的状语从句的知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和运用特征，注意把握并列 连词的用法，研读近几年高考题中的状语从句，提高运用状语从句的能力。 一、并列连词 1.表示并列关系的连词： and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。 ☞He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。 both…and：＂两个都……＂，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。 ☞Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow. neither…nor: ＂既不……也不……＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。 连接并列成分 作主语时，谓语动词通常与 nor 后的部分保持一致。 ☞Neither he nor I am right. not only…but also: ＂不仅……而且……＂，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后 面的主语保持 一致。 ☞Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school. 2. 表示选择关系的连词： or：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示＂和，与＂；用于＂祈使句+or+陈述句＂中，意 为＂否则，要不 然＂。 ☞The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk. either…or…：＂要么……要么＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并 列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与 or 后的部分保持一致。 ☞Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。 3. 表示转折关系的并列连词 but ＂但是＂，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。 Our school is small but beautiful. while ＂然而，可是＂，表对比。 He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. yet ＂但是，然而＂，用于转折。 I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。 4. 表示因果关系的并列连词 for： so： 4. 其他常用并列连词 when 可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另 一动作。 be on the point of doing...whe had just done...when... ☞Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。 ☞One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。 ☞He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。 注意： (1)and, not only...but (also)．.., neither... nor...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句 子作补充或引申。 ►One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry. 有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。 ►Think it over, and you'll find a way out. 仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。 ►Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it. 不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。 (2)or, either...or...连接并列句表示选择意义。 ►The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择) 孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。 ►The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法) 工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。 ►Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件) 小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。 (3) but/while/however 的区别： but 表示意义的转折； while 既表示转折又表示对比； however 为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 ►Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。 ►There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails. 为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不 得而知。 二、常考并列句句型 “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型： (1)祈使句+and+陈述句=if… , +主句。 ►Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. =If you find ways to praise your children often, you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. (2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句=if….not… , +主句。 ►Hurry up or we will be late. =If you don’t hurry up, we will be late 1.（2017·新课标 I 卷·短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes（改为 went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 【参考答案】so 改为 but/yet 2.（2017·新课标 III 卷·短文改错）I had（改为 have）grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. 【参考答案】and 改为 but 【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语 not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。 3. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)—Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited. —No problem. A. but B. or C. for D. so 【参考答案】D 【答案解析】考查连词。句意：＂彼得， 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地 方。＂＂没问题。＂so (that) 意为＂为了……，以便……＂，由句意可知答案选 D。 4.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today. A. so B. and C. for D. but 【参考答案】C 【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。 so 后跟结果；and 表并列关系；for 补充说明原因；but 表转折。故选 C。 状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连 接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、 方式、比较、让步等九类。状语的位 置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough 用 作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 一、 时间状语从句 时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和 主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况： （一）when, while, as, whenever when, while, as 表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 1．when ①when 表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。 ►When I got home, my family were already having dinner. 我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when 表示点时间） ►When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when 表示段时间） ②有时 when 表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于 although 或 since。 ►He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。 ►How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none？ 既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？ 2．while ①while 通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。 ►Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 ►She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了。 ②while 有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成……而……。 ►I am fond of English while he likes maths. 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。 ►We slept while the captain kept watch. 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。 ③while 有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。 ►While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却 对他们要求严格。 3．as ①as 表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as 和 when 两者 经常可以通用。 ►The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小 偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 ②as 表示 一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 ►They talked as they walked. 他们边走边聊。 ③as 表示随着 ►As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖 了。 ►As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。 4．when, while, as 的用法区别 ①只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。 ►I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast. 我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。 ②在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用： a．as 更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。 ►We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar. 我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。 ►I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。 ►As he grew older, he became less and less active. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不 活泼了。 提示： 状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于 主句中间，前后用逗号。 b．when 更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。 ►When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone. 当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注 意主从句的时态） ►When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes. 当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态） c．while 从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。 ►She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。 d．若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用 as 场合多于 when。 ►As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. 他结束讲话时，观众爆发出 雷鸣般的掌声。 5．whenever whenever 是 when 的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 ►You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。 ►Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇上困难的时候，他 们就来帮我们。 （二）before, after 1．before before 表示在一段时间之前。 ►I must finish all the work before go home.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。 ►You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。 必背： before 常用句型 It is /was/will be… before… ►It will be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见。 ►It will be not long before you regret what you have done.不用过多久你就会对你所作所 为感到后悔的。 ►It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。 ►It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几分钟警察才到。 2. after after 表在一段时间之后。 ►Let's play football after school is over. 放学后我们踢足球吧。 ►The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。 （三）till, until 1．Until，till 用于肯定句时，表示直到……为止，主句必须为持续性动词。 ►We shall wait until /till he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。 (注意它们的拼写) ►Everything went well until /till that accident happened. 直到发生那意外之前，一切都正 常。 2． Not until 表示直到……才，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时 until 和 till 可用 before 代替。 ►I didn't leave until before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。 ►Bells don't ring till until you strike them.铃不打不响。 ►People do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it.人们直至失去了 健康才知其可贵。 3．当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。 ►Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开的。 注意： until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但 till 从句一般不放在句首。 4．在强调句型中一般只能用 until，不用 till。 ►It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜，我 才认出她。 （四）since, ever since 1．since 自……以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为 延续性动词的现 在完成时，since 从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。 ►It has been just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 ►Where have you been since I last saw you 自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？ ►Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。 提示： 有时 since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。 ►Tom is now working on the farm. It’s two years since he was a college student. 汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。 2．ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长， 语气比 since 强。 ►Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily. 自一九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生得很幸福。 （五）as soon as as soon as...可译为一……就……，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。 ►He will come and see you as soon as he can.他一有空就来看你。 ►He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。 必背： 一……就……还可以用 on upon doing 结构来表示。 ►On arriving home he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。 （六）immediately instantly directly 相当于 as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。 ►They phoned her immediately they reached home.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。 ►I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。 ►We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。 （七）the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一……就…… ►He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。 ►Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。 （八）hardly…when, no sooner…than 这两个短语都表示刚……就……，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。 ►He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚出发就想起家来。 ►He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points. 他刚开始发言，就有人站起来反驳他的论点。 注意： 当 hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。 ►Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲 门声把她吵醒。 ►No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.地上的霜一消散，人们就开 始工作了。 （九）once once 作连词时，也相当于 as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。 ►Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。 ►Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 （十）next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等 ►Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们。 ►He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好 印象。 ►Every time I see him he looks miserable.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。 ►The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很 开心。 （十一）by the time by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到……时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。 ►By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. 爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成 时) ►I shall have finished my work by the time you return. 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时) 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever（where 的强势语）和 everywhere 引导，是表示空间关 系的状语从句。 （一）where where 在……地方，去……地方 ►Wuhan lies here the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 ►Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 ►I found my books where I had left them.我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。 ►You'd better make a mark where you have any questions. 哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里 where 引导的从句不是定语从句) 注意： 在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。 【误】You should put the book at where it was. 【正】You should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。 【误】We should go to where we are needed most. 【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。 （二）wherever wherever 在任何……地方，无论哪里 ►Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。 ►You may sit down wherever you like.你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。 三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有 as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that 等。 （一）Because ►Because I like it, I do it.因为我喜欢，所以我才干。 ►He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在 那儿。 比较： because 和 for 的区别： ①for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because 表示原因时， 可位于句首。 【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。 ②for 表示的是推断解释，because 强调动作发生的直接原因。 ►It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用 because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原 因） ►The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用 because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因） ►He went to bed early, because he was tired 由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。（直接 的理由） ►He must be tired, for he went to bed early. 他肯定累了，因为他很早就上了床。（间接 的推断） ③在强调结构 It is/was...that 和关联词 not…but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用 because。 ►It's because he helped you that I'm prepared to help him. 正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。 ►He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because hiswife wasill. 他 决定放弃出国的机会，不是因为他不想去，而是因为他妻子病了。 （二）since， as since 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 as 由于。一般多用于句首。 ►Since you have no licence, you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允 许你开车。 ►Since you are al here, let's try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一 个决定吧。 ►As she was ill, she didn't come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。 ►As he was not well enough, I had to go without him.由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去 了。 ►As it rained, we all stayed at home.由于下雨我们都呆在家里。 【易混辨析】because, since, as ①because 语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前， 用逗号隔开。在 回答 why 引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构 It is/was ..that 和关联词 not ..but 引导的原 因状语从句中， 要用 because。另外，because 还常和副词 just, merely 等连用。 ②since 表示的是已知的客观事实或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时 态一般相同。 ③as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as 从句通常放在主句前。 ►Just because he doesn't complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied. 你不可只因他不抱怨就以为他满足了。 ►You shouldn't get angry only because some people speak ill of you. 你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。 ►Since you're not interested, Iwon't tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你 了。 ►As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else. 因为你不能回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。 注意：because 等词不能与 so 连用。 （三）now that now that 既然，因为。that 可以省略。 ►Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands.既然饭已好了，洗手去吧。 四、目的状语从句 目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有 that, so，so that, sothat, in order that 等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如 can, could, may, might, should 等。 （一）that, so that，in order that 表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。that 语气较弱，用 的较少，多用 so that。 ►Let's take the front seats that we may se more clearly.我们坐前 排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。 ►Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.人生存不是为了吃饭，而吃 饭是为了生存。 ►They hurried so that they might not miss the train.他们为了不误火 车，才急急忙忙的。 ►In order that everyone might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again. 为了使每个人都听清楚，她再次提高了声音。 注意： 当主从句的主语一致时，so that 和 in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动 词不定式结构。 ►We got up early so that we would arrive in time.为了能及时赶到，我们起得很早。 ►They hurried so that they might not miss the train. → They hurried so as not to miss the train. 他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。 ►Betty saved money in order that she could buy a computer. → Betty saved money in order to buy a computer. 贝蒂存钱是为了买一台电脑。 （二）in case, lest, for fear that 几个短语都表示万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。 ►Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。 ►Take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨，带把伞。 五、结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so (that), so… hat, such…that 等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。 1. so, that, so that 这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that 最为常用，so 或 that 常用于口语或非正式 文体中。 ►What has happened that you look so worried 发生了什幺事，使你显得如此担心？ ►I didn't plan the work well, so that I didn't finish it in time. 我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。（so that 从句常用逗号与主句隔开） ►The room was packed with people, so that we couldn't get in.房间里挤满了人，我们进不 去。 2. so... that 如此……以致……，其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构： so + 形容词副词 + that-从句（将 so + 形容词副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装） so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that-从句 so + many/few +复数名词+ that-从句 so + much/little +不可数名词 + that-从句 ►The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没 有。 ►So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. 他说得很响，连隔壁的人都能听见 ►It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了。 ►I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一 块，紫一块。 ►I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car. 我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。 ►He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很 不舒服。 3. such...that 如此……以致……，其引导的结果语从句有如下结构： such + aan + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that-从句 such + 形容词 +复数名词+ that-从句 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that-从句 ►Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much. 詹妮是如此聪明的女孩，以至我们都非常喜欢她。 ►They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.这些是十分有意思的小 说，大家都想看。 ►He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.他的进步很快，老师表扬了 他。 ►He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗子用了那么大的劲，玻璃 都碎了。 提示： such+a/an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和 so +形容词+a/an+单数名词结构互换。 ►He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. → He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事， 大家都笑。 六、条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状 语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有 if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing 等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或 过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 1. if，unless ►If you ask him, he will help you.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。 ►Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什 么了。 ►They will go tomorrow unless it rains. (They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain.） 除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。 注意： if...not 和 unless 通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的： ①unless 多引导真实条件句，if..not 可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。 ►He won’t be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.除非他努力，否则就通 过不了期末考试。 ►He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard.如 果他不努力，就通过不了期末考试。 ②如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，if..not 结构不能换成 unless。如： ►I'll be quite glad if she doesn't come this evening.她今晚如果不来我很高兴。 ③unless 引导的状语从句可用否定结构，而 if..not 引导的从句不可再用否定结构。 ►Don't ask me to explain again unless you really don't understand.不要再叫我解释了， 除非你真的不懂。 2. so long as, as long as, on condition that 这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件 是……。 ►As long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。 ►You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards. 只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。 3. in case in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于 if it happens that。 ►In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。 4. Providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that 这几个短语意思相近，有如 果，只要，假如等意思。 ►Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that 可以省略) 七、方式状语从句 方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由 as, as if，as though 等词引导， 通常位于主句之后。 1. as, just as 这两个连词的意思是如……，正如……一样。just as 比 as 语气要强一些。 ►Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 ►Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一 样。 注意： 在口语中，还可用 like 来代替 as，引导一个方式状语从句。 ►She is doing the work exactly like I want her to.她正在完全按照我要她的那样在做这项 工作。 ►Do you make bread like you make cakes 你做面包的方法是不是和做点心一样？ 2. as if, as though 由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以 用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况。 ►She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。 ►The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music. 这孩子弹起钢琴来家好象天生很懂音乐似的。 ►They talked loudly as if nobody were around.他们大声说话仿佛周围没人似的。 ►He acted as ifthough nothing had happened 他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。 八、让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由 although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though 等词引导。 1. although, though 这两个词意思一样，都解释虽然，尽管。although 比 though 正式。 ►Although he is young, he is very clever.他尽管年轻，但很聪明。 ►Though he is poor, he is happy.他虽然穷，但很快乐。 提示： 有时 though= and yet 但是，然而，放在句子末尾，前面用逗号。 It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。（= It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.） 2．though 从句有时可以倒装，将从句中的一部分提置句首。 ►Child though he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他懂得的东西却很多。（=Although he is a child, he knows a lot.）= Child as he is, he knows a lot. ►Strange though it may look, it is true. 尽管看起来奇怪，但是却是真的。 (= Though it looks strange, it is true.) 注意： although, though 不能与 but 连用，但是可以与 yet, still, nevertheless 连用。 Although/Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.尽管他责怪我，但我还是愿意信任他。 3. Even if, even though ►We won't be discouraged even if though we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。 ►Even if though you fail, you will have gained experience.纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经 验。 4. while, whereas 这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。 ►While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是 不同意。 ►Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥 肉。 5. no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) 这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。 ►This is not true, no matter who says so.不管谁这么说，都不对。 ►Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。 ►No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习 英语。 6. Whether...or (not) ... whether...or (not) ...意思是不管……还是……。 ►Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 不管你信不信，这是真的。 ►Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as planned. 不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。 1. It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that 【参考答案】B 【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意＂当你们兴趣相投时，交朋友就容易多了＂可知，这里 应该用 when 引导时间状语从句。 2. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 【参考答案】A 1. 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件: ①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为 it； ②从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式。从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。 ►When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . ►He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 2. 状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中: ①由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句; ②由 although, though, even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句; ③由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引导的时间状语从句; ④由 as, as if 等引导的方式状语从句; ⑤由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句。 下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。 (1)当状语从句的主语是 it,且谓语动词是 be 时,it 和 be 要完全简化掉。 ►If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。 ►You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。 (2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和 be 动词简化掉。常用于以下几 种情形: a.连词+形容词 ►As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。 ►Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 b.连词+名词 ►Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位 著名的导演了。 c.连词+现在分词 ►Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。 d.连词+过去分词 ►He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去 那里。 ►The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨 大成功。 e.连词+不定式 ►He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。 ►He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决 不了这个问题。 f. 连词+介词短语 ►She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。 ►He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英 语了。 注意: 当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表 达。如: ►When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。 （2015·北京）If _________for the job, you’ll be informed soon. A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。分析句子结 构及选项可知，If _________for the job 是状语从句的省略。且主语 you 与 accept 之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。答案为 D。 题组一 基础过关 在空白处填上正确的连词(1 个单词)。 1. Much ________ I am fond of her, I can't express myself in words. 【答案】as/though 【解析】考查状语从句用法。根据句式结构可以辨别此处需填连词，再结合所学的“adj./adv./n. ＋as/though＋主＋谓”结构，不难做出正确答案为 as/though。句意：尽管我非常喜欢她，但 我仍难以用语言表达出来。 2. Though it is 20 years ________ we last met, I still remember the scene ________ we got separated on a rainy day. 【答案】since; where 3. The car hit the huge stone by the road heavily ________ he could stop it. 【答案】before 【解析】考查状语从句用法。根据两句之间的逻辑关系和语意可知填 before。句意：在他停 车前，车重重的撞到了路边的大石头上。 4. We share the resources of the world, ________ any action of waste can affect other people. 【答案】so 【解析】考查并列句用法。根据句意可知此处表示因果关系。句意：我们共享世界资源，所 以，任何浪费的行为都会影响到他人。 5. It took what seemed to be years ________ the actress finally turned up, which made the journalists as well as audiences disappointed and angry. 【答案】before 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：似乎用了好几年的时间这位女演员才最终出现，这使得 记者和观众既失望又气愤。根据句型 it takes some time before...可知填 before。 6. Don't run red lights, ________ you may get run over by a car. 【答案】or 【解析】考查并列句用法。两句之间的逻辑关系是并列，根据句意可知答案是 or。句意： 不要闯红灯，要不然你会被车撞的。 7. ________ you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 【答案】Since 【解析】考查状语从句用法。根据语义理解可知此处应填“既然”的意思。句意：既然你已经 长大，你就不应该依赖你的父母了。 8. You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work. 【答案】unless 9. He had no sooner finished his singing ________ the audience started cheering. 【答案】than 【解析】考查状语从句的用法。根据句意理解可判断此处考查“no sooner...than...”句式。句 意：他一唱完，全场观众开始为其喝彩。 10. As is known to us, it is 100 years ago ________ Tsinghua University was founded. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句型。表面看似乎与状语从句中的某些句式很相似，但仔细分析结构会看 出，此题考的是强调句型。句意：众所周知，清华大学是在百年前成立的。 11. ________ speed reading is a useful skill in the internet age, slow reading is getting popular. 【答案】While/Although/Though 【解析】考查状语从句的用法。根据句意理解，可知此处表示让步。句意：尽管在互联网时 代，快速阅读是一项有用的技能，但慢速阅读也变得受欢迎。 12. ________ advertisements are of great help, I don't think we should enirely rely on them. 【答案】While/Although/Though 【解析】考查状语从句的用法。句意：虽然广告很有帮助，但我认为我们不应该完全依赖它 们。根据句意可知空处应填 While/Although/Though。 13. －How about computers with a P3. － Oh, very good, ________ they don't work as fast as P4 computers, yet they are much cheaper. 【答案】although 14. After I finished my exercising, I told her that I was going to wait for her ________ she got done and that I would walk her out to her car. 【答案】until 【解析】考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知此处表示时间。句意：在我做完训练后，我告诉 她我会一直等到她做完并送她到车上。 15. His Mandarin is far from perfect, ________ his first few words were received with cheers and applause by the students present. 【答案】but 【解析】考查并列句。根据句意可知两句之间表示转折关系。句意：他的普通话不够标准， 但他的前几句话仍赢得了在场学生的欢呼喝彩声。 题组二 真题在线 1.（2017·天津）I ___________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 【答案】A 【解析】根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选 A。 此处 when 是并列连词。 2.（2017·江苏）Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. A. why B. when C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:江苏位于"一带"和"一路"的交汇处,将对"一带一路"的建设作出 更多的贡献。where 在此引导地点状语从句。 3.（2016·北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties. A.as long as B.as if C. even though D. in case 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:我爷爷虽然已经 90 多岁了,但他有时还打网球。根据句意并分 析句子成分可知,本空需要从属连词引导让步状语从句。even though 表示"尽管,虽然",符合句 意。as long as"只要";as if"仿佛,好像";in case"以防万一"。 4.（2016·浙江） online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless 【答案】C 5.（2016·天津）_____the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:随着人口平均年龄的增加,越来越多的老年人需要照顾。分析 句子结构可知,空处在此引导状语从句,表示"随着",故选 C 项。 6.（2015·福建） the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. A. While B. Unless C. Since D. Until 【答案】A 【解析】句意:虽然学生们来自于不同的国家,但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。此处用 While 引导让步状语从句,表示"虽然,尽管"。 7.（2015·湖南）I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ,"What do you wish me to do now?" A. ask B. have asked C.am asking D. asked 【答案】D 8.（2015·安徽） he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that 【答案】A 【解析】根据前后句的语境可知,此处应用 where 引导地点状语从句。句意:在他曾经想要放 弃的地方,他现在有着更进一步、不断向前的决心。 9.（2015·安徽） scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know. A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless 【答案】C 【解析】本题中前后句应为让步关系,应用 though 引导让步状语从句。句意:尽管科学家们对 宇宙已经了解颇深,但是我们仍然有很多未知之事。 10. (2015·北京)He is a shy man, ___________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B. but C. or D. as 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so 因此；B. but 但是；C. or 或者；D. as 作为。根据句意，前后句表示转折，因此选择 but。 11. (2014·北京) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places. A. so B. or C. for D. but 【答案】A 12. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________ I didn't want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。句意：我很高兴又遇见了珍妮， 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。 后面句子中的 didn't 表示否定，由此可知这里是转折的意思。 题组三 名校模拟 Ⅰ. 单项填空 1. Bring the flowers into a warm room ________ they’ll soon open. A．or B．and C．but D．for 【答案】B 【解析】本句为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型。根据题意，应为顺承关系。故选 B 项。 2. John plays basketball well，________ his favorite sport is badminton. A．so B．or C．yet D．for 【答案】C 【解析】句意：约翰篮球打得很好，然而他最喜欢的运动是打羽毛球。四个选项中表示转折 的连词只有 yet。 3. ________ the fire breaks out，he is the first to arrive at the scene. A．Every time when B．Moment C．No matter whenever D．Every time 【答案】D 【解析】句意为：每一次发生火灾，他总是第一个到达现场。every time 用作连词，引导时 间状语从句。 4. They will not start the work _______ their teacher comes back. A. while B. until C. as soon as D. if 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查连词的使用。本题的含义为直到他们的老师回来，他们才开始工作。本题 中的 not…until 表示“直到……才……”的含义，与题意相符，而 while 当……时候，as soon as 一……就……，if 如果。 5. —Tony, don’t stay up too late, _______ you’ll feel sleepy in class. —I won’t, Mom. Good night. A. but B. or C. though D. because 【答案】B 【解析】句意：Tony 不要熬夜太晚，否则你上课时会困。A. but 但是； B. or 否则； C. though 虽然。D. because 因为。 故选 B。 6. —What do you think of a good friend? —Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them _________ they’re good. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as well as D. as large as 【答案】A 7. ______ it is raining hard, they are still working in the field. A. Because B. As soon as C. Though D. Unless 【答案】C 【解析】句意：尽管雨下得很大，但是他们仍然在田地里干活。Because 因为； As soon as 一……就；Though 虽然，though 与 but 不能在一个句子中同时出现；Unless 除非。所以选 C。 8. She cared more about her students than her own health. That’s why two years passed _____ she was treated for breast cancer. A. since B. before C. after D. until 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她关心自己的学生要超过关心自己的身体健康，这就是为什么两年后她被诊 断为乳腺癌。考查状语从句。此处表达“在她接受乳腺癌治疗之前过去了两年” 。也就是“两 年过后她……” 是 before 引导的时间状语从句。 9. It is well-known that atmosphere gets thinner and thinner _________ the height increases. A. while B. when C. as D. with 【答案】C 10. I don’t want to talk to you _________ you’re so annoyed and impatient. A. when B. unless C. though D. till 【答案】A 【解析】句意：既然你这么生气，不耐烦，我不想和你说话了。when 引导状语从句有时可 以表示理由，意为“既然，鉴于”。 11. _______ this may sound like a simple process，great care is needed. A. Although B. If C. When D. Because 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管这听起来像一个简单得过程，却需要悉心照顾。根据语境可知此处用 although 引导让步状语从句。 12. Jim is in good shape physically _____ he doesn’t get much exercise. A. if B. unless C. as long as D. even though 【答案】D 【解析】句意：即使没有得到多少锻炼，吉姆仍保持着良好的体型。even though 引导让步 状语从句，意思是“即使” 。其余三项均引导条件状语从句：A 如果；B 除非（=if…not）；C 只要。 13. Scientists have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers _____ they are in a different order. A. even if B. so that C. in case D. as if 【答案】A 14. I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else. A. though B. as if C. once D. so that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。though 虽然；as if 好像； once 一旦；so that 为了。所以选 C。 【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文 和句意的逻辑关系做题。though 引导让步状语从句；as if 引导方式状语从句；once 引导的 是条件状语从句；so that 引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句。 15. James was enjoying the art show, _________ his wife wanted to go home. A. or B. for C. so D. but 【答案】D 【解析】句意：詹姆斯正在欣赏艺术展，但是他的妻子想要回家去。上下文之间存在转折关 系，故选 D。 Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I seldom thought I had a passion. I would sit before the TV all day, thinking 1 nothing but the next shadow. It was not long ago 2 I first learned how important having a passion is to life. One day I went with Mum to drop my sister off at the gym. Then, 3 Mum stopped at a red light, someone on the roadside caught my eyes. It was a man 4 (dress) in rags, homeless. That didn't interest me, 5 I had seen many like him before. 6 the man wasn't sitting down with a sad expression. He had a radio in his hand and was dancing merrily to the music. The radio seemed to be the most precious thing 7 he had. “Mum, why does that man have a radio 8 he's homeless？”I asked. “He bought it，”she replied. “But 9 he's homeless, why doesn't he use the money to buy food or clothes? He wasted it on something he doesn't need.” “Well, Sarah, sometimes food and clothes aren't the only important things. We need happiness, too.” “I see.”The man must care too much about music, 10 he bought a radio instead of food and clothes. I realized that happiness is the key to life. Without it, there's nothing to look forward to. A passion gives a person the happiness they need to keep going! 【语篇解读】这是一篇故事。本篇短文主要通过一位衣衫褴褛、无家可归、食不果腹的 男人在无钱购买衣服、食物的情况下去买来一个收音机并伴随着音乐翩翩起舞的故事及母女 俩的对话，来体现精神食粮、身心健康和激情乐观的重要性。 9．if 考查状语从句用法。根据句意理解可知，此处表示条件，故用 if。 10．so 考查并列句的用法。根据语义可以判断此空前后表示因果关系，故填 so。