2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十一)记叙文之插叙——为何处埋下伏笔

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十一)记叙文之插叙——为何处埋下伏笔

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十一) 记叙文之插叙——为何处埋下伏笔 插叙是在叙述中心事件的过程中，为了帮助展开情节或刻画人物，暂时中断叙述的线索，插入一段与主要情节相关的回忆或故事的叙述方法。高考在阅读材料的选材中常蕴含某种“正能量”，或促人奋发，或由弱变强。如何在文章中体现这一转变过程？插叙便成了避免平铺直叙的一种手法。读此类文体，应从三个方面着手：①由时间线看事件的曲折发展；②由情节线理清作者的情感态度转变过程；③由插叙处推断事件的发展方向。‎ ‎[时间线⇨看事件曲折发展]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•北京卷•A篇 ‎[情节线⇒关注插叙处]‎ 时间1‎ 时间2‎ ‎(插叙1)‎ 时间3‎ ‎(插叙2)‎ 时间4‎ ‎　　时间5‎ 时间6‎ My First Marathon (马拉松)‎ ‎[1]A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.‎ ‎[2]I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P．E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．‎ ‎[3]The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills！‎ ‎[4]The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.‎ ‎[5]Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted！‎ ‎[6]At mile 3, I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”‎ ‎[7]By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.‎ ‎[8]By mile 21, I was starving！‎ ‎[9]As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She ‎ 情节1：赛前——时间1‎ ‎“我”在马拉松比赛前的意外以及决心。(可解第36题)‎ 情节2：参加马拉松以挑战自我的伏笔段 ‎①插叙1——时间2‎ 体育老师告诉“我”不擅长体育运动，为下文“我”比赛成功，摆脱世俗标签埋下伏笔。(可解第37题)‎ ‎②插叙2——时间3‎ 叙述“我”对跑步的感悟，为下文“我”比赛获得成功，赢得奖牌做铺垫。‎ 情节3：赛前——时间4‎ 讲述了“我”在马拉松比赛前做的梦。‎ 情节4：赛中——时间5‎ 讲述了“我”第一次马拉松的参赛过程，说明比赛中的困难，体现“我”挑战自我的艰难。‎ 情节5：赛后——时间6‎ 讲述比赛的结果及体会。‎ ‎①摆脱世俗标签与插叙1相呼应；‎ ‎②挑战自我成功与插叙2相呼应。(可解第39题)‎ never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running.‎ ‎[10]I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.‎ ‎[11]Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎36. the marathon, the author__________.‎ A．was well trained　　　　 　B．felt scared C．made up his mind to run D．lost hope ‎37．Why did the author mention the P．E. class ？‎ A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.‎ B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.‎ C．To show he was not talented in sports.‎ D．To share a precious memory.‎ ‎39．What does the story mainly ？‎ A．A man owes his success to his family support.‎ B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.‎ C．Failure is the mother of success.‎ D．One is never too old to learn.‎ ‎[答案]　36.C　37.C　39.B ‎36．题眼――→定位第1段由“情节1”中的关键词“determined”得出答案。‎ ‎37．题眼――→定位第2段由“情节2”的“插叙1”中的“not athletic”得出答案。‎ ‎39．题眼――→定位全文解本题的关键在于上面“插叙1、2”的叙述及最后的比赛结果，这为故事的主旨埋下伏笔。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A About Us The London Cycling Club is a volunteerbased nonprofit organization for recreational (娱乐的) bicycling.We’ve been in operation since 1971.We value the healthy lifestyle and social aspects of cycling.The London Cycling Club offers a schedule of Sunday cycling tours from April through October.We also offer various social events throughout the year, including a spring kickoff brunch, a summer barbecue, an Annual General Meeting and Banquet and a winter outing.‎ For Sunday cycling events there are three tour groups: short, medium and long.The length and speed of each ride varies with the tour group.Short: 20 to 25 kph; Medium: 25 to 30 kph; Long: 30＋kph.Please talk to a club manager if you’re unsure of your abilities during your first ‎ season.Tours typically last from 2 to 5 hours.Participants are asked to meet 15 minutes before leaving the Saturn Playground parking lot in Greenway Park.We’ll try to have a short group leader available for rides in the early part of the season, usually April and May.‎ For the benefit of all riders, please make sure that your bicycle is in good working order.And please bring water bottles, a snack, a spare inner tube and an air pump.‎ Cycling skills do vary within the club, but it’s suggested that a rider should be at least 20 and able to keep an average pace of 20 kph for up to a 50 km ride.In the interest of safety, tours won’t be held on snowy, rainy or foggy days.‎ Membership ‎2019 online registration available NOW! For 2019 Membership signup please visit: https：//ccnbikes.com//#！/events/2019londoncyclingclubmembership Membership Fees ‎•Individual Membership — $35 each year (The insurance is an additional $42)‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了伦敦骑行俱乐部的相关事宜。‎ ‎1．What do we know about the London Cycling Club?‎ A．It aims to train cycling players.‎ B．It offers cycling tours every day.‎ C．It promotes healthy life brought by cycling.‎ D．It has a history of no less than half a century.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“We value the healthy lifestyle and social aspects of cycling.”可知，伦敦骑行俱乐部重视的是骑行带来的健康生活方式以及社交方面，故正确答案为C。‎ ‎2．What do people taking part in Sunday cycling events have to do?‎ A．Ride at a speed of 30＋ kph.‎ B．Elect a group leader for each ride.‎ C．Gather together 15 minutes earlier.‎ D．Ask managers to assess their abilities.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Participants are asked to meet 15 minutes before leaving the Saturn Playground parking lot in Greenway Park.”可知，要求参与者在出发前15分钟集合。‎ ‎3．Which is the right or duty of the members of the club?‎ A．They should have a good command of cycling skills.‎ B．They can enjoy free food and drink during the cycling.‎ C．They should pay a yearly membership fee of 42 dollars.‎ D．They can join in different social events offered by the club.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“We also offer various social events throughout the year, including a spring kickoff brunch, a summer barbecue, an Annual General Meeting and Banquet and a winter outing.”可知，伦敦骑行俱乐部会举行一些社会活动，会员可以参加，故正确答案为D。‎ B Throughout my educational years, despite the kind teachers I had met, I never felt interest in writing until I met her, Mrs.Kelley.At first, I believed that writing would still be my worst class.Gradually, my fondness increased.She taught the lesson in such a lively way and her word choice impressed me.But that was not what made her my favorite.Unlike other teachers, after ‎ instructions, she gave an enormous amount of freedom in what we wrote, allowing us to create our own stories using our imagination.And that mattered most.‎ There was one really revolutionary event: the historical fiction unit.We were to invent our own stories using the period we were given.World War Ⅱ was mine.At that point, I was just looking for a good grade.Rather than creating a mundane (平淡的) story, I wanted to make a story that I felt was meaningful.As I progressed, I was pulled further and further into the reality that I had made.Grammar no longer existed, as my hands gained acceleration.When I typed the final word, my hands trembled with excitement.Briefly, I read it over and then submitted the draft.‎ In the midst of anxiousness, Mrs.Kelley responded.She pointed out some mistakes and gave some suggestions.Sadly, there were no comments of recognition.I fixed the errors and moved on.But when waiting for the final grade, I erased all the unrealistic thoughts that wandered in my mind.‎ In the next class, surprisingly, after handing back my paper, Mrs.Kelley mentioned that my story was very good.I looked at her in confusion.Soon excitement stirred inside me.I found a “＋5” attached to the score.She had given an extra point in “Plot”， adding an “Excellent！” No other teacher had done this.On that day, I felt what it means to be a writer.Mrs.Kelley introduced me to the beauty of literature and made writing so enjoyable.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前一直对写作不感兴趣，在Kelley老师的引导下，他逐渐感受到写作的乐趣，继而全身心投入其中，最终获得了老师的肯定。‎ ‎4．What made Mrs.Kelley so special according to the author?‎ A．Her patience and kindness.‎ B．Her confidence in students.‎ C．Her creative teaching style.‎ D．Her professional knowledge.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike other teachers, after instructions, she gave an enormous amount of freedom in what we wrote, allowing us to create our own stories using our imagination.”可知，Kelley老师最大的优点在于她的授课方式很有创意，她给予学生充分的自由，允许他们发挥自己的想象力进行写作。‎ ‎5．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?‎ A．He was interested in war themes.‎ B．He should have polished the fiction.‎ C．He was anxious to finish the assignment.‎ D．He devoted himself to the writing process.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“I wanted to make a story that I felt was meaningful.As I progressed, I was pulled further and further into the reality that I had made.Grammar no longer existed, as my hands gained acceleration”可知，本段作者主要介绍他在接到写作任务后，决心要写一篇有意义的作文，于是奋笔疾书，全身心投入写作中。‎ ‎6．How did the author feel when Mrs.Kelley responded at first?‎ A．Excited.　　　　　　　 　B．Worried.‎ C．Surprised. D．Disappointed.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Sadly, there were no comments of recognition.”可知，Kelley老师没有给出认可性的评论，这令作者有些沮丧。‎ ‎7．What was the biggest benefit the author got from Mrs.Kelley’s class?‎ A．Recognizing his talent.‎ B．Finding the joy of writing.‎ C．Determining his lifetime career.‎ D．Acquiring practical writing skills.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据全文内容特别是最后一段中“On that day, I felt what it means to be a writer.Mrs.Kelley introduced me to the beauty of literature and made writing so enjoyable.”可知，在Kelley老师的教导下，作者由原来的不感兴趣到逐渐爱上写作这门课，感受到文学的魅力以及写作的快乐，这是他最大的收获。‎ C Absent employees cost you money for sure, but what about sick employees that come to work? Move over absenteeism.It seems “presenteeism” has become a far worse workplace problem in terms of causing loss; that is, loss of employee productivity and loss of employer dollars.By the way, presenteeism could mean the practice of workers working when ill and not operating on their usual level of productivity.The total cost of inefficiency of US employers has been increasing, ranging from about $150 to $250 billion annually, while cost of presenteeism makes up 60 percent of the total cost.‎ Dualearner (双职工) families now account for about 2/3 of all married couples, up from 1/3 in the 1970s.Without a stayathome parent taking care of a sick child, more workers will go to work when ill in order to save their limited sick days (付薪病休日) for when their children are sick.‎ In today’s workplaces, some workers go to work when sick also because they fear the following: appearing less hardworking, receiving disciplinary action (纪律处分), or even losing their jobs.A day or more off can also mean coming back with more work loads or missing work deadlines.‎ According to the 2004 CCH Survey, disciplinary action remained the most commonly used absence control program.Employers want their employees to be on the job and use as few sick days as possible, but CCH says employers that rely on disciplinary action are unknowingly encouraging presenteeism.Employers need to check and make sure that absence control programs are not counterproductive (达不到预期目标的)．Programs such as disciplinary action may in fact force sick employees to work, and this could encourage presenteeism.‎ Besides, set up and communicate policies to help employees understand under what conditions they should stay home, and when it’s OK to return to work.Employees need to know where their company stands on coming to work in sick, and how doing so can affect others.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Presenteeism(假性出勤)是近年来出现的一个新名词，它有很多意思，其中一个是指员工在生病时还继续上班的行为。有研究表明，假性出勤对企业造成的损失比起旷工还要严重。‎ ‎8．What does the first paragraph mainly say about presenteeism?‎ A．The true meaning of it.‎ B．The huge loss caused by it.‎ C．Its difference from absenteeism.‎ D．Its connection with low productivity.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。综合分析第一段可知，本段着重介绍presenteeism (假性出勤) 这一现象对企业造成的严重损失。‎ ‎9．Why do more working parents prefer to work when ill?‎ A．To have time to care for sick kids.‎ B．To enjoy more family time later.‎ C．To earn more money for the family.‎ D．To live up to employers’ expectations.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，随着双职工家庭的增加，家长无法有一方在家照顾生病的孩子，因此更多的人生病也要上班，为的是把付薪病休日留出来，以备孩子生病时有人照顾。‎ ‎10．What is the author’s attitude to absence control programs?‎ A．Negative. B．Positive.‎ C．Cautious. D．Confused.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。分析倒数第二段可知，目前纪律处分是控制缺勤最常用的办法，但研究表明它也会鼓励presenteeism (假性出勤)的发生，雇主应该确保控制缺勤的计划不会有消极的影响。由此可知，作者对于这些计划持谨慎态度。‎ ‎11．Which of the following suggestions will the author give employers?‎ A．Offer longer paid sick leave.‎ B．Turn away those breaking the rules.‎ C．Create a more relaxed atmosphere.‎ D．Teach employees the related principles.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。综合分析最后一段可知，作者建议雇主建立并推广公司的相关政策，以帮助员工们理解什么情况下应该待在家里，什么时候可以回来工作。也就是使他们明白公司的相关原则。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Living with a diet that doesn’t include all the animals and animal byproducts (副产品) is termed as vegetarianism (素食主义)．It contains different types of vegetarians.‎ Those who don’t eat meat of any kind, eggs, milk products, or even don’t consume processed foods containing any ingredients from animals are termed as vegans.__1__ Vegetarians who don’t eat any type of animal meat or even eggs but consume milk are called lacto vegetarians.Vegetarians who don’t consume any kind of animal meat or milk but eat eggs are called ovo vegetarians.‎ Vegetarianism is accepted and practiced by many people, but each one has his or her reasons.Some people do it for better health.They think vegetarianism is a healthy diet.__2__ They think it’s cruel for human beings to kill animals for their nutrition when vegetarian options are available.__3__ Some religions don’t allow their believers to consume nonvegetarian food.‎ ‎__4__ For example, it can prevent several diseases like heart diseases and cancer.Eating fresh vegetables, fruit and other vegetarian foods like whole grains can help keep a healthy body weight.A vegetarian diet can help improve the process of digestion and thus help the body get rid of poisonous waste products.__5__ Many scientists have also stated that vegetarianism contributes to reducing the effects of global warming.‎ A．There are many vegetarians.‎ B．Fruitarians only eat fresh fruit.‎ C．A vegetarian diet has many health benefits.‎ D．Many people do it because of their love for animals.‎ E．It’s good to have a vegetarian diet but eat meat at times.‎ F．Thus, generally vegetarians live longer than nonvegetarians.‎ G．Many people practice vegetarianism owing to their religious beliefs.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍几种素食者及素食主义的好处。‎ ‎1．选B　根据第一段最后一句和本段的内容可知，本段介绍了四类素食者：vegans, fruitarians, lacto vegetarians, ovo vegetarians。本空介绍了果食主义者。‎ ‎2．选D　根据本段第一句的“each one has his or her reasons”可知，该段介绍人们素食的原因；空后一句“They think it’s cruel for human beings to kill animals for their nutrition”与D项中“their love for animals”相吻合，故正确答案为D。‎ ‎3．选G　下一句对本空进行进一步的阐述，都是围绕religion这一原因，故正确答案为G。‎ ‎4．选C　根据本段的内容及设空位置可知，本空为本段的中心句。本段主要讲了素食的益处，故正确答案为C。‎ ‎5．选F　上文指出，素食可以预防疾病、维持健康体重、促进消化、排出身体的毒素，因此，素食主义者往往寿命更长，故正确答案为F。‎