2020届二轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测课件（20张）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测课件（20张）

2020 届高考英语阅读理解 之 词义猜测题策略与技巧 Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 : 要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 　 1. 理解主旨要义； 2. 理解文中具体信息； 　 3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； 　 4. 做出判读和推理； 5. 理解文章的基本结构 　 6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度 。 2019 年 2018 年 2017 年 全国卷 I 1 单词 stumble 1 单词 dominant 2 代词 that ； 短语 the water catcher 全国卷 II 2 代词 I 短语 tug at the heartstrings 1 单词 juicer 2 代词 that ； 句子 the table are turned. 全国卷 III 1 短语 taking on 1 句子 More is more 1 单词 displaced 2017-2019 高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表 词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。 1. 根据逻辑关系（同义或近义关系等），解释说明（下定义，定语从句等），构词法（合成，派生等），文化常识等方法进行猜测词义。 2. 能够把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。 3. 能够对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断，从而来进行句意猜测。 学习目标（ learning aims ） : 一、逻辑关系猜词义 1 同义或近义关系 2 反义关系 3 因果关系 Logical Relation 1 同义或近义关系 猜一猜 1.Mr. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious . 对点真题： 2. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double . They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned . The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. （ 2017. 全国卷 Ⅱ.D) The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知生词的意思。常见信号词： and, or, also, as …as ， just as, similarly 等 健谈的 2 反义关系 利用表 对比 或 转折 的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词 / 词组有 ： but ， yet ， despite , however ， while ， on the other hand ， on the contrary ， in contrast ， instead 等 1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 2.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up. 猜一猜： 傲慢的；高傲的 出差错，疏忽 因果关系 3 利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语： since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, owing to, thanks to, on account of, result in, accordingly, so…that 等。 对点真题： One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire 原因 二、解释说明法 （ Explanation ） 1 下定义 2 定语从句 3 同位语 4 举例 5 标点符号 2 定语从句 3 同位语 下定义： is, mean, refer to, namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明 或由 that is (to say), in other words ， to put it another way 引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词 定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴 同位语： 同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 3. Semantics , the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 1 下定义 猜一猜： 哑剧 语义学 变戏法的人 4 举例 关注 such as ， for example ， for instance 可以通过所举事例推知前面内容 ! … all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over . (2018▪ 全国卷 Ⅰ▪C) A. c omplex. B. advanced. C. powerful. D. modern 对点真题： 5 标点符号 冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。 1.You may borrow from the library any periodicals : News Weekly, Reader’s Digest, The New Yorkers. 2.We are on the night shift ——from midnight to 7 a.m. 猜一猜： 期刊 夜班 三、构词法 (formation) 1 合成法 2 派生法 3 转化法 （考点熟词生意） 合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词。 猜一猜： ① ill-treat______ ② single-handed ______ ③new-born_______ ④color-blind______ 对点真题： Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.” 1 合成法 A. mistake B. drawback C. difficulty D. burden 虐待 独自 色盲的 新生的 down+side 2 派生法 常见的前缀有 ： in/im- : incorrect impossible mini- : miniskirt, minibus re- : rewrite, reuse, reconsider dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear, mis-: misunderstand, mislead fore-: foretell, forecast over-: overwork, overcoat, overuse ant/anti-: antibiotics, anti-Japanese mal-: maltreat, malnutrition ab-: abnormal, abuse sub- subconscious, subtitle 通过在词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。 后缀有 ：  -er teacher, worker, container -or visitor, sailor ,instructor -tion education, satisfaction -ment development, movement -ion action, solution, conclusion -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful ， careful -able comfortable, acceptable … 3 转化法 （考点熟词生意） 转化法： 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生意 , 同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查。 1.Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgment. 2. He wolfed down three bowls of rice. 猜一猜： 模糊 狼吞虎咽 四、生活常识和文化背景（ Common sense ） Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings？ The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. 1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean？ A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough. C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more. 同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。 对点真题 : （ 2018 全国卷） 五、利用上下文语境（ Context ） My Favorite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series （系列） of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres ， Miss Trunchbull ， are equally fumy and frightening ， but they're also aspirational. ( 2019. 全国卷 2 ) 1.What does “I” refer to? Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl 利用上下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等 对点真题： 词义猜测 逻辑关系 同义或近义 反义 因果 解释说明 下定义 定语从句 同位语 举例 标点符号 构词法 合成；派生；转化 文化常识 语境 Mind Map: 猜测词义题的解题 步骤 ： 猜测词义题题涉及选材背景、句型结构、文章主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨， 整合上下文信息 是解这类题的关键。 首先，要确认所要求猜测单词、短语或句子在文中的 位置 ； 其次，审读题干，确认 猜测点 。 第三，整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与 语境 之间的关系。 第四，猜测句子的 大致意思 。 最后， 比较选择项，确定答案 。