高考英语简明语法手册：Grammar3：比较级和时态（1）

高考英语简明语法手册：Grammar3：比较级和时态（1）

Grammar 3 ：比较级和时态（1）‎ 1． 比较级（degrees of comparison）‎ 形容词和副词有三种程度的比较：‎ ‎ 原级（positive）：tall，fast，beautiful ‎ 比较级（comparative）：taller，faster，more beautiful ‎ 最高级（superlative）：tallest，fastest，most beautiful 单音节的形容词和副词各加-er，-est；两个或以上的加more，most 1） 不规则的比较级：‎ good/well： better，best many/much：more，most bad：worse，worst little：less，least far：farther，farthest further，furthest old：older，oldest ‎ elder，eldest 2） 其他形式的比较 e．g． This poem is a little more difficult than that one.‎ ‎ I think you are a lot more interesting than your sister.‎ ‎ Lucy has made much greater progress this year than before.‎ ‎3)不同类型的状语可以放在比较级和最高级前，或者在as修饰的原级之前 e．g． Lily is three years older than Helen.‎ ‎ He is by far the fastest runner in the team. ‎ ‎ You are not half as intelligent as your brother.‎ ‎ After we adopt the new method, there are only one-third as many mistakes as before.‎ ‎ The newly-built power station costs 70 per cent less than the one built ten years ago.‎ ‎4) 常用的固定搭配 e．g． as black as coal as firm as a rock ‎ as brave as a lion as gentle as a lamb ‎ as easy as ABC as white as a sheet 1． 一般现在时（the present indefinite）‎ 表示习惯性动作；书信或报纸内容；戏剧等消遣和娱乐;即将发生的事情年或动作 e．g．We often go on holiday in August every year.‎ ‎ ---What does the notice say?‎ ‎ ---It says, “No smoking.”‎ ‎ When the curtain rises, she sits on the bed quietly.‎ ‎ She reads everything she can get when possible.‎ ‎ The plane leaves at 10, and we have enough time to get to the airport.‎ ‎3. 一般过去时（the past indefinite）‎ 表示过去的习惯；过去某个时间动作完成；过去某段时间动作延续并完成 e．g． He always carried an umbrella wherever he went.‎ ‎ I wrote a letter to my mother when I arrived at school.‎ ‎ She worked in the company for five years.‎ ‎4. 过去进行时（the past continuous）‎ 表示过去某个时间动作正在进行；某动作发生时另一动作正在进行 e．g． I was watching a football match at 11 yesterday morning.‎ ‎ A wood fire was burning on the hearth, and a cat was sleeping in front of it. A girl was playing the piano and singing to herself softly. Suddenly there was a knock on the door. The girl stopped playing and the cat woke up.‎ Exercises.‎ 1. a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words.‎ Do you believe that boys do ___ (well) in science than girls? Does it seem to you that girls have a ___ (good) vocabulary than boys? In your opinion, are boys ___ (good) at building things? If your answer to each of these questions is “Yes,” you are right, according to an article in Current Science.‎ It is known that bones, muscles and nerves develop ___ (fast) in baby girls, and they talk at an ___ (early) age than boys do. When they start school, girls are physically ___ (ready) to remember facts, to spell and to read. So girls always do ___ (good) than boys in elementary school.‎ b. Put suitable adverbials in the following sentences. Each can be used only once.‎ a bit a little a great deal a lot much twice half by far ‎ ‎20 per cent several times ‎1) Trains have become___ safer and more comfortable.‎ ‎2) The coffee you get in this cafeteria is not___ as good as the coffee my mother makes.‎ ‎3) This is ___ the oldest theatre in London.‎ ‎4) Riding a horse is ___ more difficult than riding a bicycle.‎ ‎5) It is ___ nicer to go with someone than to go alone.‎ ‎6) He has ___ more time than me.‎ ‎7) His wife earns ___ more money than him.‎ ‎8) I have made ___ more mistakes in my essay than you.‎ ‎9) The income of the peasants next year will be ___ higher than this nyear.‎ ‎10) The new method is ___ more efficient than the traditional one.‎ ‎2．Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given verbs.‎ 1) It seldom ___ (rain) here in spring.‎ 2) Nobody ___ (take) this dangerous road in the evening.‎ 3) ‎---Is it true the sun ___ (rise) in the east and ___ (set) in the west?‎ ‎---Well, that’s what everybody ___ (say). Actually the sun neither ___ (rise) nor ___ (set). The earth ___ (rotate) from west to east once every 24 hours, and that ___ (make) it seem as if the sun ___ (come up) in the morning and ___ (go down) in the evening. ‎ ‎3. Translation.‎ ‎ 1) 我正睡得香，突然被很大的响声惊醒了。‎ ‎ 2）一接到他寄来的礼物，我们就给他写了封感谢信。‎ ‎ 3）—— 你昨天作啥了？‎ ‎——我在读那本新出版的小说。‎ ‎ 4）我去的时候你在干吗？屋里没人。‎ ‎ 5）年轻人比年龄大的人更喜欢流行歌曲。‎ ‎ 6）他过去习惯于晚起，但现在他已经习惯早起。‎ ‎ 7）你的黑夜是我的白天，你快乐时我在思念。‎ ‎ 8）他并不像你想象的那样笨。‎ ‎ 9） 良言如雪花，来得越和缓，停留在心中越久，沁入心中也越深。‎ ‎ 10）智慧贵于宝石。‎ ‎ ‎