【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(九)—突破固定短语中冠词的有无和三个词的辨析

【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(九)—突破固定短语中冠词的有无和三个词的辨析

‎2019届二轮复习考点理清(九)—突破固定短语中冠词的有无和三个词的辨析 ‎[锁定高频考点]‎ 一、语法填空中的常考点 ‎1．特指与泛指 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡‎6,500 a day as a model in New York.‎ ‎④(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.‎ ‎2．基本用法 ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎3．固定搭配 ‎⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.‎ ‎⑧(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎⑨(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ ‎⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ 二、短文改错中的常考点 ‎1．特指与泛指 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.countryside前加the ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.the→a ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day._第一个a→an/one ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that/which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments._picture前加the/this ‎⑤(2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.kitchen前加 the ‎2．基本用法 ‎⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was._first前加the/my ‎3．固定搭配 ‎⑦(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.去掉the ‎⑧(2015·浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.hurry前加a ‎⑨(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere. As后加a ‎⑩(2014·辽宁高考)Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.第一个a→an ‎[考情聚焦]　‎ 冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a， an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词。同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。‎ ‎[强化解题知能]‎ ‎(一)明确泛指特指 泛 指 不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表示泛指 特 指 ‎(1)用在上文提到的人或物前表特指 ‎(2)用在被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前表特指 ‎(3)用在表示双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表特指 ‎(二)掌握必须用定冠词the的特例 ‎1．the用在最高级或序数词前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面。‎ Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?‎ 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？‎ China‎ is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.‎ 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。‎ ‎2．the用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。‎ the wounded　伤员　　　　the rich　富人 The Greens are on holiday now.‎ 格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。‎ ‎3．the用在年代、朝代及逢十的数词(表某个年代)前。‎ the Tang Dynasty　唐朝 in the 1990's 在20世纪90年代 ‎4．the与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况： ‎ ‎①用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，表示“越……越……”之意。‎ The more we do for the people, the happier we'll be.‎ 我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。‎ ‎②用在“the＋比较级＋of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。‎ She is the taller of the two girls.‎ 她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。‎ ‎5．用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”中。‎ An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.‎ 一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。‎ ‎6．用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hour/day/week/year/dozen/‎ yard/ton/kilo，但size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。‎ We got paid by the month.‎ 我们按月计酬。‎ Meat is sold by weight.‎ 肉按重量出售。‎ ‎(三)谨记常考的一些固定搭配 ‎1．含不定冠词的固定搭配 as a result因此　　　　　　 as a rule通常 as a whole总体上 at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙 in a word总之 pay a visit to拜访 put an end to结束 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然 be on a diet节食 in a short while不久　　　　 have/catch a cold感冒 make a living谋生 have/take a rest休息 as a matter of fact事实上 in a sense在某种意义上 in a way在某种程度上 keep an eye on照看，留意 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋 give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 ‎2．含定冠词的固定搭配 in the end最后　　　　　　 in the way挡道 in the distance在远处 by the way顺便说一下 on the whole总的来说 at the same time同时 to tell the truth说实话 for the time being暂时 on the spot在现场 not in the least一点也不 the other day前几天 take the place of代替 at the moment此刻，目前 to the point中肯，切题 make the most/best of 充分利用 on the other hand 另一方面 in the middle of 在……中间 ‎3．含零冠词的固定搭配 at present目前　　　　　　 take part in参加 in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧 on purpose故意 lose heart灰心 out of control失控 out of work失业 ahead of time提前 in advance提前 by law根据法律 by mistake由于差错 under repair处于维修中 day and night整日整夜 at risk有危险 in danger处于危险之中 from morning till night 从早到晚 on second thoughts 再一想 ‎(四)具备解题敏感意识 ‎1．语法填空 ‎(1)如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词；‎ ‎(2)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”， 一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个， 这/那些”，一般填the；‎ ‎(3)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。‎ ‎2．短文改错 ‎(1)看到辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到应为不定冠词a(n); ‎ ‎(2)如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the; ‎ ‎(3)看到单数可数名词要想到是否少用了冠词； ‎ ‎(4)看到不可数名词表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠词。‎ ‎[课时跟踪检测]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·福建师大附中5月模拟)Huge wall paintings, sculptures and priceless antiques were carried away by the ton, and today are being exhibited in the museums of a dozen countries.‎ ‎2．(2019届高三·银川模拟)This money is then used to have a big welcome party in the midnight time.‎ ‎3．(2019届高三·绵阳模拟)Anyone can make a difference. It doesn't matter how old or young you are.‎ ‎4．(2018·双流中学模拟)Many teenagers think that parkour is quite a cool sport.‎ ‎5．(2018·六安模拟)“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want with a tap of my phone，”said Li Jinlong, an overseas Chinese student from Cambodia.‎ ‎6．(2019届高三·临沂模拟)The 46yearold professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis.‎ ‎7．(2018·滁州模拟)The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling that they helped people in need.‎ ‎8．(2019届高三·莆田模拟)Guo Tianrui walks along streets in Beijing's Xicheng district as a public security volunteer.‎ ‎9．(2018·闽侯模拟)Since this year also marks the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, a development strategy which underlines China's push to play a larger role in global affairs with a Chinacentered trading network, the festival is aimed at further promoting cultural exchanges between countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.‎ ‎10．(2018·益阳模拟)What Naomi found was an ancient fossil called an ammonite (菊石)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·福建师大附中5月模拟)What silly boy! I felt badly hurt.silly前加a ‎2．(2019届高三·大庆模拟)61% of the students surveyed turn to their friends or schoolmates for help when they are in the trouble.去掉trouble前的the ‎3．(2019届高三·太原模拟)But I will have some duties too, because my grandparents often need the hand with housework and gardening.the→a ‎4．(2019届高三·昆明模拟)It was fantastic day and I hope they will come to Chengdu again.fantastic前加a ‎5．(2018·莆田模拟)There the doctor asked Jack if/whether he had coughed sometimes for long time.long前加a ‎6．(2018·佛山模拟)Tomorrow she is going to attend a important meeting, at which she will be given a medal for her advanced deeds.第一个a→an_‎ ‎7．(2018·六安模拟)Some mentioned the inspiring Chinese Dream put forward by President Xi Jinping. And the others talked enthusiastically about their understanding of the Chinese Dream.去掉others前的the ‎8．(2018·玉溪模拟)Step by step I followed him and finally climbed to a top of the mountain.a→the ‎9．(2019届高三·临沂模拟)What a bad weather! I hate it because I can't go out to play.去掉a ‎10．(2018·滁州模拟)In word, people have an easier life nowadays.word前加a