【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点典题讲与练学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点典题讲与练学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点典题讲与练 ‎ 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。‎ 一、使用复数谓语动词的情况 ‎1． 由and, both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ ‎ Both the teacher and the students are working hard. ‎ ‎ 但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and连接的两个名词前有each，every等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ ‎ The knife and fork lies on the table. ‎ ‎2． “the＋形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ ‎ The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. ‎ ‎3． the people/cattle/police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. ‎ 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况 ‎1． 单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. ‎ ‎2． 不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Looking after the baby is my job. ‎ ‎3． 学科名词，以s结尾的单数名词，以s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Physics is hard to study. ‎ ‎4． 单数名词＋ with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. ‎ 五、几个具体情况 ‎1． none作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，也可用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ None of this money is yours. None of these suggestions are very helpful. ‎ ‎2．a number of＋复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式，the number of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends. ‎ ‎ The number of students in my class is 63. ‎ ‎3． one of＋复数名词，后面跟定语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式，即与复数名词一致；the (only) one of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，即与the (only) one一致。如：‎ ‎ He is one of the students who are against the plan. ‎ ‎ The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom. ‎ ‎4．“some＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； some＋单数名词作主语时，some意为“某个”，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Some student is on duty today. Some students in my class are very lazy. ‎ ‎5． trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但a pair of…的结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ This pair of glasses is expensive. ‎ ‎6．单复数同形的名词作主语。‎ ‎ ‎ 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数，常见的这类名词有works(工厂)，police(警察)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)，means(方法)，species(种类)，Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)；Swiss(瑞士人)；series(系列)等。如：‎ ‎ Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. ‎ ‎7． what /whoever /which引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要看what /whoever /which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。如：‎ ‎ What he said is true. What we need are more volunteers. ‎ ‎8． “分数(百分数)＋of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据名词确定。如：‎ ‎ Onethird of us are boys. Twofifths of water is clear. ‎ ‎9． “more than one /many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than ＋ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。‎ 数词 ‎ 数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面问题：‎ ‎1． ‎ 基数词的意义：表示事物数量的多少，特别是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，它们只能用单数。‎ ‎2． 序数词一般由基数词＋th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一；又一”时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)。 ‎ ‎3． 另外要注意年代的表达“the＋年代s或the ＋年代's”和名词与数词的关系：“the＋序数词＋名词” 或 “名词＋基数词”等。‎ ‎4． 分数的形式：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于“1”时，序数词要用复数形式。‎ ‎5． 小数的组成和读法：小数点读作point，小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读，小数点后面的数按数字读。‎ ‎1． 单句改错 ‎(1) One or perhaps more pages is missing. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 is改为are。由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。‎ ‎(2) Large quantities of food was carried to the city. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 was改为were。“large quantities ‎ of＋复数名词或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，即与quantities一致。‎ ‎(3) All he said are wrong. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 are改为is。all 作主语时，若all为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式，若all为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎(4) The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词时，谓语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。‎ ‎2． 【误】 Several millions people in the world are sending information by email every day. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Several million people in the world are sending information by email every day. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或 several等词修饰时，要用单数形式。但在表示不确切数目时用复数，如：表示“数百万”，应为millions of。‎ ‎3． The company had about 20 computers but only onethird ________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. ‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were ‎ 【误】‎ ‎ 学生可能以为onethird是分数，谓语动词应该用单数而误选A 或C; 另外学生也可能不确定句子的时态而误选B。【正】 答案为D。【解析】 本题中的onethird指代的是computers的三分之一，因此此处谓语动词要用复数形式，且该句话说的是过去的事情。‎ 典题演练 ‎1．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1990. ‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has been D．have been ‎2． —Did you go to the show last night?‎ ‎ —Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area ________ invited. ‎ ‎ A．were B．have been C．has been D．was ‎3． The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America. ‎ ‎ A．are; were B．is; were C．are; was D．is; was ‎4． Shortly after the accident，two ________ police were sent to the spot to keep order. ‎ ‎ A．dozens of B．Dozens C．dozens' of D．dozen ‎5． He did it ________ it took me. ‎ ‎ A．one third a time B．one third time ‎ C．the one third time D．one third the time ‎6． Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand. ‎ ‎ A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is；are ‎7． Listening to loud music at rock concerts________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. ‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has D．have ‎8． The secretary and headmaster of the school ________the meeting. ‎ ‎ A．were going to B．are going to C．are having D．is to attend ‎9． Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________visit Beijing this summer. ‎ ‎ A．is going to B．are going to C．was going to D．were going to ‎10．Either you or one of your students ________to attend the match that is due Tuesday. ‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．have D．be ‎11．An average of 130,000 Chinese ________ abroad for studies every year over the past few years, boosting exchanges in the educational fields. ‎ ‎ A．was going B．have been going C．has been going D．are going ‎12．What the science teacher does and says ________ of great importance to college students. ‎ ‎ A．was B．are C．is D．were ‎ 13．Since he became a taxi driver, his income is________ as before. ‎ ‎ A．three times as many B．more than three times ‎ C．three times as much D．as three times ‎14． It is reported that many a new house ________at present in the disaster area. ‎ ‎ A．are being built B．were being built C．was being built D．is being built ‎15．—What is the model plane like?‎ ‎ —Well, the wings of the plane are ________ of its body. ‎ ‎ A．more than the length twice B．more than twice the length ‎ C．more than the twice length D．more twice than the length ‎ ‎ 答案与解析 1. C　主语是 the number，故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1990，所以用完成时态。‎ 2. D　由and连接的两个名词同时被every，each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。再从问句的 last night可以看出，应为过去时。‎ 3. D　第一空谓语要和the teacher一致；第二空that指代Reading Skills这本书， 谓语应用单数形式。‎ 4. D　dozen, score，hundred, thousand，million等名词前面有数词或several等词修饰时，这些词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中加s，并与of连用：dozens of (许多的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of (数百万的)。‎ 5. D　考查句子结构分析和倍数表达法。句意为：他做这件事只用了我(做这件事)三分之一的时间。这句话包含一个定语从句，修饰the time，只是关系词已省略。‎ 6. A　考查主谓一致。第一空poets作主语，谓语用are，第二空some of his works作主语，表示复数的概念，依然用are。‎ 7. C　根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项。根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。‎ 8. D　只有and前的名词前有冠词，表示“书记兼校长”，指同一个人，选D ‎ 9. A　主语是Dr.‎ ‎ Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。‎ 1. B　either…or…连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。11. B　该句的主语是An average of 130,000 Chinese，故应将答案锁定在B、D中。由于短语over the past few years知用现在完成进行时。12.C　句意为：这个科学老师所做的和所说的对大学生很重要。and连接的主语表示同一件事的两个方面，表示单数含义，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 13. C　考查倍数的表达方法。正确形式应为：倍数＋as＋形容词、副词的原级＋as; 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…故答案为C。‎ 14. D　many a加名词单数，谓语动词要用单数形式，排除A、B，at present表明了“现在”排除C。‎ ‎15. B　考查倍数句型。根据倍数句型的构成“A＋is＋倍数词＋the＋length等＋of＋B”选择B项。答语意为“机翼的长度是机身长度的两倍多”。more than twice意为“两倍多”。‎