高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Alandofdiversity教师用书新人教版选修8

高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Alandofdiversity教师用书新人教版选修8

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 1 A land of diversity Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．boom n． (人口，贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 2．occur vi. 发生；出现 3．reform v．&n. 改革；革新；改良 4．hire vt.&n. 租用；雇用 5．major adj. 主要的 vi. 主修 n. 专业 →majority n. 大多数；大半 →minority n. 少数 6．elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 →election n. 选举 7．apply v. 申请 →applicant n. 申请人 →application n. 申请 8．indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 →indication n. 迹象；指示器；指示物；迹象 9．apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 →apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地 10．punish v. 惩罚；处罚 →punishment n. 惩罚；处罚 11．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣； vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 12．crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道 →cross v．&n. 交叉；十字架 13．customs n. 海关；关税；进口税 →custom n. 风俗；习惯 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 14．slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 15．hardship n． 苦难；困苦 16．percentage n. 百分比；百分率 17．means n. 手段；方法 18．shave vt.&vi. 刮；剃 19．justice n. 正义；公平 20．grasp vt.&n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 高频短语——会默写 1．live on 继续存在；继续生存 2．by means of... 用……办法；借助…… 3．make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4．keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 5．back to back 背靠背 6．team up with 与……合作或一起工作 7．mark out 画线；标出……界线 8．take in 包括；吸收 9．a great/good many 许多；很多 10．apply for 申请；请示得到 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.However ， it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(it is likely that...“有可能……”) 1.对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一 次难忘的经历。 It is likely that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience. 2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(That is why...“ 那 就 是……的原因”) 2.他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学 的原因。 He is addicted to computer games，and that is why he has to drop out of school. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(It is believed that...“人们认为/相信……”) 3.人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以 至于我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好 的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍。 It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so great that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books. 4.Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.(过去分词短语作状语) 4.给予更多的关心和教导，这个孩子可能 成为一名音乐家。Given more care and education，the child is likely to grow into a musician. 精讲 3 个考纲单词 means n．手段；方法 [经典例句] Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation. 自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。 (1)by this means 通过这种方法 by means of 用……办法；借助…… by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以 by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时， 句子用部分倒装) (2)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具 ①In addition，we have more choices by means of wild release.(2015 年重庆高 考·书面表达) 此外，通过自由分享我们有更多的选择。 ②By no means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task by all means．他对目前的工作一点也不满意，要求我们务必完成任务。 ③Every possible means has been tried(try)，but none has worked. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 →All possible means have been tried(try)，but none has worked. 各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。 [名师点津] means 用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若 all/some/several/many means 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若 every/each/one/a means 作主语，谓语动词用单 数形式。 majority n．大多数；大半 [高考佳句] The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.(2016 年天津高考·阅读理解) 他们中的大多数在开始课程前参加在线语言测试。 (1)a/the majority of... 大多数…… be in a/the majority 构成大部分/大多数 (2)major n．&v. 专业；主修 major in 主修……；以……为专业 (3)minority n. 少数 in the minority 占少数 ①With the prices going up the majority of people find it hard to live on the amount of money they get. 随着物价的上涨，大多数人发现靠他们挣的钱很难维持生活。 ②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表 示反对。 ③The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people in the minority． 在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。 occur vi.发生；出现 [高考佳句] Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.(2016 年江苏高考·完形填空)许多年前发生了将永远改变我的生活的一件极重 要的事件。 sth.occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 ①It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.她突然想到她应 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 该收养这个无家可归的孩子。 ②Along with your wonderful innovation，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.(2014 年辽宁高考·书面表达) 除了你的奇妙的创新外，你需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的 是什么材料。 [链接写作] 一句多译 他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。 ①It occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.(occur) ②It hit him that he had left his keys in the office.(hit) ③It struck him that he had left his keys in the office.(strike) 【导学号：30892173】 诠释 2 个核心短语 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 [教材原句] Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留 在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。 (1)come to life 苏醒；变得活跃 come back to life 苏醒过来，恢复生气 bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力 live/lead a．..life 过着……生活 (2)make/earn a/one's living 谋生 ①It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.(2014 年江西高考·单项填空)尽管 Lucas 先生有大量的财富，但是他过着简朴的生 活，这真是让人难以置信。 ②The village，which had seemed deserted，immediately came to life. 这个原来似乎杳无人烟的村庄顿时恢复了生机。 take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 [一词多义] 写出下列句中 take in 的含义 ①This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in. 包括 ②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. 欺骗 ③It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying. 理解 ④I managed to rent a big enough house to take in people. 收留 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take over 接收；接管；取代 take up 占用；占据；开始从事 ⑤In the past few years，the village has taken on a new look. 在过去的几年，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。 突破 2 个高考句型 (教材 P2)However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人可能至少在一万五千年前就在 加利福尼亚生活着。 本句中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 从句。 It is likely that...……是可能的 sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事 ①It is very likely that，in many schools，the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to. 在很多学校学生做作业的时间有可能比以前少。 ②As far as I know，he is likely to drop(drop)out of school to attend to his sick mother. →As far as I know，it is likely that he will drop out of school to attend to his sick mother. 据我所知，他可能退学去照顾他生病的母亲。 (教材 P2)That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是为什么今天有超过 40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或 第二语言。 This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是为什么……”，用 来表示结果。 (1)That's because...这是因为……(because 从句表示原因) (2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用 that 引导，而 不用 because) ①Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。 ②The reason whyTom came late for the meeting was that he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————— 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred him. 2．There is a great deal of evidence (indicate)that listening to soft music can reduce stress. 3．Having filled in an (apply)，he was interviewed by the boss. 4．She was the Minister of Education before she (elect)President last year. 5． (keep)up with a good state with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them. 6．Rudolph just stood there，saying nothing. (apparent)，he was a man of few words. 【 答 案 】 1.to 2.indicating 3.application 4.was elected 5.To keep 6.Apparently Ⅱ.单句改错 1．They settled down in Canada and made new life for themselves. 2．After the explosion，every means have been used to prevent the river from being polluted. 3．Successful people are always very intelligent.They can discover that others easily ignore. 4．Having punished by his boss，he was in a very bad mood. 5．This is believed that hard work can lead to success. 【 答 案 】 1.new 前 加 a 2.have→has 3.that→what 4.Having 后 加 been 5.This→It 重难考点多维练 1．means 多棱镜 (1)单句语法填空 ①They tried all means，which possibly (be)helpful，but unfortunately 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 not a means (have)worked so far. ②－May I have a look at your new pen，Tom? －By means.It's great to share. (2)高考小作文 ③此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(means) Furthermore，punishment to help them grow up mentally and physically. Furthermore， to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装) 【导学号：30892174】 【答案】 ①are；has ②all ③is by no means a wise choice；by no means is punishment a wise choice 2．majority 全接触 (1)单句语法填空 ①The majority (be) on the England's team，which greatly disappointed them. ②Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens (be)black people. ③I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored Information Management. (2)高考小作文 ④(广东高考)大部分市民认为普通的工作无聊甚至无价值。 an ordinary job boring or even valueless. 【答案】 ①were/was ②are ③in ④The majority of citizens consider Ⅰ.课文语法填空 根据 P1－3 课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，it is 1. (like) that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers 2. (cross)the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century，after the 3. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 (arrive)of the Europeans，the native people suffered 4. (great)． Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.5. addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times， and today there are more Native Americans 6. (live)in California than in any other state. In the 18th century California 7. (rule)by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，8. they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of 9. first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，10. ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 【答案】 1.likely 2.crossed 3.arrival 4.greatly 5.In 6.living 7.was ruled 8.when 9.the 10.whose Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。 1．我们班的大多数同学原打算周日骑自行车去参观长城。(The majority of；by means of) 2．我们忽然想到故宫博物院更吸引人。(It occurred to sb. that...；appealing) 3．在路上我们相互合作携带行李。(team up；carry one's luggage) 4．在入口处，我们推选汤姆去买票。(elect) 5．正如它的宣传册上明确标示的那样，在故宫博物院中有许多有价值的收藏品。 (indicate；brochure；a great many) 6．大家认为世界上没有任何一个地方能像故宫博物院那样给我们留下如此深刻的印象。 (It is believed that...) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 【参考范文】 The majority of our class had decided to visit the Great Wall by means of bicycling on Sunday.Suddenly it occurred to us that the Palace Museum was more appealing.So we changed our mind.On the way we teamed up to carry our luggage and at the entrance we elected Tom to buy tickets.Just as is apparently indicated in its brochure，there are a great many valuable collections.It is believed that nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum. 【导学号：30892175】