【英语】2018届二轮复习虚拟语气学案（7页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习虚拟语气学案（7页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 虚拟语气 虚拟语气为考纲要求掌握的内容，但在最近几年全国卷中以语法填空和短文改错形式对其进行考查的题目很少，属于高考中的难点。从近几年情态动词的命题中可以看出，高考对情态动词的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，所以考生在备考时只要掌握情态动词的基本用法即可；对于虚拟语气，高考主要考查虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句、名词性从句和其他一些句子中的应用，考生在备考时，重点掌握非真实条件句中的主、从句谓语的对应关系，牢记哪些词后的名词性从句需要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．If he had known about Arab food, he ________ (behave) better.‎ 解析：might have behaved　句意：如果他早知道一些阿拉伯食物的话，他可能就会表现得更好一点。由句意可知这是一个条件句，从句用了过去完成时态，主句用might have done结构。‎ ‎2．An order came that our building ______(pull) down to make room for a new street.‎ 解析：(should) be ‎ pulled　句意：命令传来，我们的房子要被拆除，为一条新的街道腾出空间。order“命令”后的同位语从句应该用虚拟语气，又因为building和pull down之间为动宾关系，因此应该用(should)be pulled。‎ ‎3．It is high time that we ________ (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.‎ 解析：should devote/devoted　此处是“It is high time that sb. should do/did sth.”句型。‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.________________‎ 解析：can→should或者去掉can　suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可省略。‎ ‎5．(2015·四川高考短文改错)If you are me, would you talk to them？________________‎ 解析：are→were　与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。‎ ‎6．If you had treated me to a movie last night, I would have a wonderful time.________________‎ 解析：have后加had　句意：如果你昨天晚上请我看电影的话，我应该会很开心。此处表示与过去情况相反的假设，从句用了had done，主句应该用would have done，因此应该在have后加had。‎ ‎7．My boss insisted that all the papers would be handed in on time. Otherwise, I would be fired.________________‎ 解析：第一个would→‎ should或去掉第一个would　句意：老板坚决要求所有的文件都必须按时上交。否则，我就会被开除。insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句谓语应该用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎8．She wishes that her parents take her to the Summer Palace this coming summer vacation.________________‎ 解析：take前加would/could　句意：她希望她爸爸妈妈在即将到来的暑假里带她去颐和园玩。根据时间状语“this coming summer vacation”判断，此处应该指的是将来的愿望，因此应该用“would/could＋动词原形”。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式(be用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.‎ 如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。‎ If you had come earlier, you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus.‎ 如果你早点儿来，就不会错过那班公共汽车了。‎ If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.‎ 如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到家里来。‎ ‎[注意]　(1)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。‎ ‎(2)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without, or, otherwise, but for等词或短语来表示。‎ If you hadn’t left home without a word, your parents wouldn’t be so worried now.‎ 要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。‎ Without/But for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded anyway.‎ ‎＝If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have succeeded anyway.‎ 没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。‎ ‎2．其他形式的虚拟语气 ‎(1)与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的这类动词的记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, propose)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。‎ The school recommends parents (should) not permit their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.‎ 学校建议父母在暑假别允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。‎ My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.‎ 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。‎ Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.‎ 你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。‎ It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.‎ 人们建议会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎[注意]　suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(2)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 I wish you had come to the lecture.‎ 但愿你当时来听报告了。‎ We wish we would live on the moon one day.‎ ‎ 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。‎ ‎(3)四个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句　‎ had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ would/could/should/might＋动词原形 would rather 后的宾语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式 过去式(be用were)‎ ‎(be用 were)‎ It is (high)‎ time (that)．..‎ 过去式或“should＋动词原形”‎ How terrible the car accident was! If only the driver hadn’t driven so fast!‎ 那场车祸太可怕了！如果司机不开那么快就好了！‎ It seems as though it were spring already.‎ 看起来好像已经是春天了一样。‎ I’d rather you hadn’t told me about it.‎ 我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。‎ It’s high time that we did/should do something to make good use of time.‎ 是我们该做些什么好好利用时间的时候了。‎ 单句改错 ‎1．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would took me to Disneyland at weekends.took→take ‎2．It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.might→shall ‎3．It is strange that he can not have been invited to the ‎ party.can→should ‎4．I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky.was→were ‎5．If you come earlier, we would have climbed the hill.you后加had ‎6．He advised that we would start off early the next day.would→should或去掉would ‎7．Do you want to visit the small garden where we would played in our childhood？played→play ‎8．He must know my phone number, but I am not quite sure.must→may/might ‎9．We would rather our daughter stays at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.stays→stayed ‎10．Dear fellow students, it’s high time that we pay attention to this phenomenon.pay→paid或在pay前加should