【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之八（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之八（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之八 ‎[一]‎ High-sugar diets raise risks for heart disease, obesity and diabetes, but we do love our sweets, so health experts have tried to suggest alternatives, and honey has been foremost among them.‎ Honey is actually sweeter than sugar is, which means, in theory at least, that you could increase flavor equally with a smaller quantity of honey. But honey actually has a higher calorie count. It may have more minerals, which looks better on a label but, in reality, these are such small amounts that they don’t offer any real advantages.‎ Honey’s reputation as a medicine is not wholly unfounded. Some honey does indeed have antibacterial properties. One byproduct of enzymes in honey is hydrogen peroxide, a powerful germ killer. Plus, honey’s texture and consistency are good for keeping wounds clean, and bad for bugs that might want to infect them. Honey is moist and its gooey consistency mean it can easily spread over and stay over wounds while keeping the tissue from becoming dry and fragile. The sticky substance means bacteria can not accumulate and multiply easily. It is particularly well-known for fighting bacteria like staph, salmonella, E. Coli and certain bacteria that can infect the gut and cause ulcers.‎ However, scientists can only say this for sure about Makuna and Malaysian Tualang honey. We don’t know yet whether local home grown honey has the same power--or safety. A hot cup of tea with some honey stirred in certainly sounds like it would make you feel better. But it’s difficult to say for sure that it will.‎ When you have a cold, contact with warm water (from tea) may help to break up phlegm(痰) that blocks your airways. But some suspect the real secret to the relieving qualities of a cup of tea is in the honey. There are studies that suggest that honey does work as well or better than cough suppressant (抑制性的) drugs like Robitussin.‎ Most of these, however, were considered by the academic world to be widely misinterpreted by the media. One of the findings that seemed to have given the honey trend some additional legs came from a study that said there was “no difference”, statistically speaking, between honey and one particular cough suppressant.‎ ‎28. What can we learn from the passage? ‎ A. Honey has more minerals than sugar. B. Honey can be used to ‎ treat wounds.‎ C. The sweetness in honey can fight bacteria. D. All kinds of honey can act as medicines.‎ ‎29. What is the author's attitude when it comes to the functions of honey?‎ A. Objective B. Critical C. Supportive D. Skeptical ‎30. What might be talked about next according to the text?‎ A. Honey will be widely used in other fields.‎ B. Honey will not be recommended in medical treatment any more.‎ C. Other studies showed honey worked better than some cough medicines.‎ D. Other studies showed neither honey nor some cough medicines functioned well.‎ 参考答案：28-30BAB ‎[二]‎ English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than half of the world’s books and three quarters of international mails are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words.‎ However, let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat.‎ We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them. And why is it that a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, two geese — so one moose, two meese?‎ How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot ‎ as hell one day and cold as hell the next?‎ English was invented by people, not computers, and it shows the creativity of human beings. That’s why, when stars are out, they are visible (看得见的); but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind up this essay, I end it.‎ ‎32. According to the passage ________.‎ A. sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different things B. there should be egg in an eggplant C. pineapples are the apples on the pine tree D. boxing rings should be round ‎33. Which of the following is the correct plural?‎ A. Beeth. B. Geese.‎ C. Meese. D. Tooth.‎ ‎34. Which of the following includes two items that have the similar meaning?‎ A. A wise man and a wise guy. B. Overlook and oversee.‎ C. Hot as hell and cold as hell. D. Quite a lot and quite a few.‎ ‎35. Through the many paradoxes in the English language, the writer wants to show that human beings are ______.‎ A. smart B. crazy C. lazy D. sad 参考答案：‎ ‎32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A ‎【解析】本文属于说明文。英语是世界上应用最广泛的语言，在所有的语言中，英语词汇量最大。英语中还有一些矛盾的现象，说明英语也是非常有趣，人类具有伟大的创造性和智慧 ‎【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, two geese”可知，goose的复数是geese。可知A项和C项是错误的复数形式，D项是单数形式， B 项是正确的复数形式。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“while quite a lot and quite a few are alike”可知，quite a lot与quite a few意思接近，故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects (反映) the creativity of human beings”可知，英语是被人创造的，它反映了人类的创造性和智慧，故选A ‎[三]‎ Having friends may well keep you healthier and help you deal with stress better. Some studies show that people with close friends have a greater ability to fight disease than people who are alone.‎ Place friendship in the first place. Find the time to be with friends even if it means letting the lawn(草坪) go unmowed(未割的) or the dishes unwashed for a while. When you can’t get together, use the phone to keep in touch.‎ Open up to close friends. Keeping a deep friendship requires a level of “heartfelt” intimacy (亲密).Don’t be afraid to express your inner fears and disappointments. Listen to your friends when they have problems，but offer advice only when it’s wanted. Help raise friends’ self-esteem(自尊) when they are sad about a job loss, or other such events.‎ Have different friends for different activities, such as going to the movies，singing in a choir，and joining in a bowling league.‎ Don’t wait for a friend to ask for helps. When a friend has the flu，offer to go to the store or drive his or her children to their afterschool activities.‎ Never take a friendship for granted. Like a good marriage，friendship needs care and patience. Become a joiner. Find a group that matches your interests.‎ Talk to strangers. Conversations started in museums, laundry rooms，or bookstores can lead to firm friendship.‎ Enroll in an adult education course. A classroom is an ideal place ‎ to meet others with similar interests.‎ ‎28. People who are alone have a ability to fight disease than people with close friends.‎ A. more. B. greater.‎ C. poorer. D. little.‎ ‎29. According to the passage, when had you better offer advice to your friends?‎ A. At any moment. B. Only when they are happy.‎ C. Only when they want it. D. Only when you are glad.‎ ‎30. What does the underlined word “Enroll” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A. Give. B. Join.‎ C. Get. D. Catch.‎ ‎31. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. You should have different friends for the same activities.‎ B. You should wait for a friend to ask a favor.‎ C. You should take a friendship for granted.‎ D. You should talk with strangers in museums, laundry rooms, or bookstores in order to improve friendship.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D ‎[四]‎ Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.‎ The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.‎ Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. ‎ In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died.‎ In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.‎ One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 2008. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400,000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556.‎ Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes.‎ ‎24. Earthquakes happen ________.‎ A. in all the places in the world B. only in the countries that have a lot of mountains C. regularly in most places in the world D. only in a few places along the coast ‎25. When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported?‎ A. In 1964 in Alaska. B. In 1556 in China.‎ C. In 1923 in Japan. D. In 2008 in China.‎ ‎26. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.‎ B. Earthquakes often come unexpectedly.‎ C. Earthquakes can cause fires.‎ D. People still don't know how to tell when an earthquake will come.‎ ‎27. What may be talked about in the seventh paragraph?‎ A. How do earthquakes worry people?‎ B. What will people do to prepare for earthquakes?‎ C. How can we save people when earthquakes happen?‎ D. How do earthquakes happen?‎ 参考答案：【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B ‎[五]‎ Eye Health Care Daily Healthy habits mean healthy eyes. Here are some daily tips for eye health.‎ ‎◆P Clean your eyes with pure cold water regularly. This is one of the best ways to keep eyes healthy and disease free.‎ ‎◆Avoid looking directly at the sun ‎◆Roll your eyes up and down, then side to side. Then move your eyes in a circular motion（圆周运动） Exercise5tol0 times a day to relax your eyes ‎◆ Keep a good distance from the computer screen-sit about 22-28 inches away from it.‎ ‎◆Visit your eye doctor on a regular basis There are also some tips for healthy contact lens（隐形眼镜）wear and care to help prevent eye infections (感染). Please visit CDCS healthy contact lenses website and you can also follow them on social media(www.cdc.goy/contactlenses).‎ ‎21. _____is not good for your eyes A. Eating vegetables B. Wearing sunglasses C. Wearing contact lens D. Looking at the sun directly ‎22. How to relax your eyes according to the tips?‎ A. Clean eyes with pure cold water B. Look at the sun directly C. Make eye movements D. Wear contact lens ‎23. In which column can we read this text?‎ A. Education B. Health C. Entertainment D. Advertisement 参考答案：‎ ‎21. D 22. C 23. B ‎[六]‎ ‎83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the current. As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable (盈利的) plantations and cattle grazing grounds, he struggled to bring the thick jungles of his childhood back to life.‎ In 1973 Antonio took up the challenge of restoring the forest on a 31-hectare piece of land that had been destroyed for cattle grazing. Ironically enough, he bought the land in Brazil's Sao Paulo region, using credits （贷款）that the military government was giving out to promote deforestation (砍伐森林) and agricultural technology. But Antonio didn't use the money to promote the national agriculture but wanted to revive the forest.‎ ‎"You are stupid. Planting trees is a waste of land. You won't have income. If it’s full of trees, you won't have room for cows or crops," Antonio's neighbors told him. But he knew the damage caused by deforestation was far greater than financial profit. Antonio had grown up on a rural farm, and watched his father and the other villagers cut down forests at the owners’ orders, either for charcoal production or to clear land for grazing cattle. He had watched the ancient water sources dry up and people struggling to survive.‎ With only some donkeys and a few hired workers Antonio brought back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life. Antonio often recalls spending days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded by rats and foxes, and eating banana for breakfast, lunch and dinner.‎ As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it. Then the animals started making a home there. Today, the ‎ forest is alive with sounds of birds and insects living there, and more species are settling in every year.‎ ‎28. The credits given by the government should have been used to_______.‎ A. encourage agriculture B. recover the forest C. plant trees D. produce coal ‎29. What was the neighbors’ attitude toward Antonio’s practice?‎ A. Positive. B. Hopeful.‎ C. Discouraged. D. Favorable.‎ ‎30. What caused water sources to dry up in Antonia’s village?‎ A. People’s wasting water. B. Destroying the forest.‎ C. Crops’ overusing water. D. Raising too many cows.‎ ‎31. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. Antonio’s hard work has paid off. B. Antonio has made big profits.‎ C. Antonio’s forest has become a zoo. D. Antonio is living with animals.‎ 参考答案：28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A ‎【解析】本文是一篇人物介绍。文章叙述的是83岁的Antonio Vicente花了一生40年的时间抗击干旱的故事。‎ ‎【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段Ironically enough, he bought the land in Brazil's Sao Paulo region, using credits （贷款）that the military government was giving out to promote deforestation (砍伐森林) and agricultural technology.可知，政府提供的贷款本应该用于农业的保护。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段"You are stupid. Planting trees is a waste of land. You won't have income. If it’s full of trees, you won't have room for cows or crops," Antonio's neighbors told him.从Antonio邻居的话中可知，邻居认为Antonio此举是不明智的。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Antonio had grown up on a rural farm, and watched his father and the other ‎ villagers cut down forests at the owners’ orders, either for charcoal production or to clear land for grazing cattle. He had watched the ancient water sources dry up and people struggling to survive.可知，由于父辈摧毁森林导致Antonia村庄水资源干涸，人们难以生存。故选B。‎ ‎[七]‎ Many people think that English writing is difficult. ____36____ Here are some great writing tips that will help you improve your writing in a short time.‎ Don’t ramble(长篇大论). This is a very common mistake made by people who have poor writing skills. When they ramble, they are not paying attention to grammar. As a result, their sentences become very long. ____37____ If you know you have poor grammar, use short sentences.‎ ‎____38____ Think about each sentence carefully to make sure that it is correct before moving on. It’s better to write a short passage that is easy to read and mistake-free than to write a long article that is filled with grammar mistakes.‎ Increase your vocabulary. If you don’t have a large vocabulary, you will find it difficult to write as you can’t find right words to express yourself clearly. The solution (解决办法) to this problem is to increase your vocabulary. ____39____ You can do this by reading the local newspapers daily, borrowing books from the library or watching English programs.‎ Don’t write when you are tired. Tiredness can lead to nothing to write. If you find yourself looking at a blank piece of paper with nothing to write, don’t just sit there! Take a walk or a warm shower, or simply lie down to get some rest. ____40____ You’ll find that you’ll enjoy your writing a lot more and make fewer mistakes!‎ A. Find out the mistakes you’ve made.‎ B. Make sure your sentences are correct.‎ C. You can pick up new words almost anywhere.‎ D. Write what interests you most in the beginning.‎ E. As a result, they may give up after trying hard for a while.‎ F. The longer the sentences are, the more mistakes they’ll make.‎ G. When your mind is relaxed, you should go back to your writing.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎36. E 37. F 38. B 39. C 40. G ‎【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了能够在短时间内帮助提高写作的几个写作技巧。‎ ‎【37题详解】过渡句。结合上文的their sentences become very long （他们的句子变得很长）和下文的If you know you have poor grammar, use short sentences. （如果你知道你的语法不好，就使用短句子）可知，F“你写的句子越长，语法错误就有可能越多。”衔接最好，故选F。‎ ‎【38题详解】主题句。本段主要讲述了要力争写出准确的句子，为了避免错误，文章要写的短小准确，由此可推测出本段的主题句为B“确保你的句子是正确的”，故选B。‎ ‎【40题详解】推断句。根据上文提到，疲劳的时候写作容易犯错，或写不出来，这个时候出去散散步，洗个热水澡或躺下来休息一下，由此可推测出，放轻松就容易写出文章来，而G“当你的思想放松时，你应该回到你的写作”与上文衔接很好，故选G。‎ ‎[八]‎ Many people traveled to Las Vegas, Nevada last week for the 50th Consumer (消费者) Electronics Show, or CES. The show is said to have the largest collection of new electronic devices (设备) in the world.‎ The show had many examples of “smart home” devices. “Smart home” technology is designed to make life easier for people by letting computers control many things inside our homes. One such device actually begins working outside the home, when someone arrives and rings the doorbell.‎ ‎“When someone comes to your front door and rings the doorbell, the light can turn on immediately. I get information when I’m halfway around ‎ the world that someone came, and I can start talking to the person who’s at my front door, and I can say, ‘Oh, here let me let you in,’ I can unlock the door for them very easily.” Said Vivint, a smart home service provider.‎ One electronics maker developed a device that lets people see and interact (互动) with their animals when they are away. The device, from Petcube, lets you remotely watch and talk to your pet through a personal device, according to a company official. ‎ For heating or cooling, there is a smart thermostat. This device can also send you a message if a big storm causes leaks of flooding. “We’re trying to catch it with just a few drops before it becomes a real big problem,” said Mike Sale of iDevices.‎ A concern for many homeowners is the possibility that someone else might find a way to attack these smart home devices. An official from Vivint said his company is sure that only owners of the home can gain use of information on the devices. Warren Katz from iDevices said his company employs engineers from the defence industry to help prevent hacking (黑客攻击).‎ ‎28. What can be learned about the show?‎ A. It is the largest show ever held.‎ B. It only exhibited smart home devices.‎ C. It created much attraction to consumers.‎ D. It has been held in Las Vegas many times.‎ ‎29. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 3?‎ A. To explain how to answer the door. B. To show how a smart home device works.‎ C. To tell a story about nice devices. D. To introduce a home service provider.‎ ‎30. What may happen in the future according to the given examples?‎ A. Computers may replace human workers one day.‎ B. A stranger can enter your house even if you’re out.‎ C. The house can repair for itself if a storm causes damage.‎ D. You can take good care of your animals while you’re away.‎ ‎31. What can be inferred about the smart home device from the last ‎ paragraph?‎ A. Its safety can be guaranteed at present.‎ B. Information on the devices is easy to get.‎ C. Many of the devices are not available now.‎ D. Homeowners are concerned about its operation.‎ 参考答案：28-31CBDA ‎[九]‎ Let’s face it. No one drinks diet sodas for the taste. People drink diet sodas in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it. Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study.‎ Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn’t drink diet sodas. ＂What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain,＂ said Sharon Fowler.‎ The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly 10 years.‎ While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations.‎ Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet sodas, they don’t lose weight at all. "We weren’t seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us,＂ said Rogers.‎ So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet sodas, and so over-compensate(补偿) for the missing calories.‎ A related study found some sweeteners (甜味剂) raised blood sugar levels in some mice. ＂Data from this and other potential studies suggest ‎ that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky,＂ said Helen P. Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas’s school of medicine. ＂They may be free of calories, but not of consequences.＂‎ ‎62．People drink diet sodas to ____________.‎ A． enjoy its taste B． achieve weight loss ‎ C． stay in fashion D． gain more energy ‎63．The new study suggests that drinking diet sodas ____________.‎ A． causes people to become heavier B． helps people to be healthier C． makes people much thinner D． offers people more calories ‎64．We can learn from the passage that ____________.‎ A． regular sodas make people lose more weight B． diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food C． diet sodas do help reduce calories D． most blood diseases come from diet sodas ‎65．The underlined word “They” in the last paragraph probably refers to “_________”.‎ A． sweeteners B．diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers ‎ C． sodas D．diet sodas and artificial sweeteners 参考答案：62-65.BABD ‎[十]‎ Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes (失礼) for the newcomers. ‎ A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pub—starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters—you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. ‎ This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior. “If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain.” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' rule of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”. The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order. ‎ ‎21. The underlined word “sample” in the first paragraph probably means “________”. ‎ A. taste B. experience C. test D. record ‎ ‎22. The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to ______. ‎ A. encourage people to communicate with each other ‎ B. encourage more people to consume drinks ‎ C. attract more tourists to the pubs ‎ D. form its own character of culture ‎23. What does the author mean by giving the example of a group of Italian youths in Paragraph 2?‎ A. British pubs don’t always have waiters or waitresses.‎ B. There is always a hidden purpose in most British pubs.‎ C. It is quite convenient for people to get a drink in British pubs.‎ D. Not knowing the custom of British pubs may cause inconvenience.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎21-23 BAD ‎