2020届二轮复习非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的辨析课件(23张)

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2020届二轮复习非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的辨析课件(23张)

2020 届二轮复习 Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 概念:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词补充说明,没有它,主句也能独立存在,非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切,它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开 . Compare the two sentences in the same group and find the difference. Discuss & Summarize (group work) 第一组 The old man has a son, who is in the army. The old man has a son who is in the army. 第二组 My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student. 第三组 Jim doesn’t like to ask questions which make his teacher angry. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry. 第一组 The old man has a son, who is in the army. The old man has a son who is in the army. 第一组: A 中的从句是非限制性定语从句,是对先行词的补充说明。整个句子的意思是:这位老人有一个儿子,在部队工作。(隐含的意义:只有一个儿子) B 中的从句是限制性定语从句,作用是对先行词 son 进行限定、修饰。整个句子的意思是:这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。(隐含的意思:也许还有其他的儿子,在干别的工作) 第二组 My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student. 第二组: 虽然两句的表达顺序完全相同,但是由于停顿和语调的变化,造成的定语从句与主句关系的紧密程度发生变化。 A 句可以翻译成:我 18 岁的那个弟弟是大学生。从句是限制性定语从句,是限定性定语从句限定了先行词的意义,明确是 18 岁的那个弟弟(而不是其他的,即有可能还有几个弟弟)。 B 可以翻译成:我弟弟是大学生,今年 18 岁。 第三组 Jim doesn’t like to ask questions which make his teacher angry. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry. 第三组: A 句中的定语从句修饰先行词 questions , B 句中的定语从句修饰的是整个前面的主句部分,所以表达的意义也就有明显的差别。 A 吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。( which 指代 questions) B 吉姆不喜欢问问题,这让老师很生气。( which 指代 Jim doesn’t like to ask questions 这个情况) 温馨提示: 某些句子用了逗号成为非限制性定语从句 , 同没有用逗号的相比,意义有很大区别 1.I have a sister who works in a hospital . 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。(不只一位姐姐) 2. I have a sister , who works in a hospital . 我有一位姐姐,她在医院工作。(只有一位姐姐) 3. He has a brother, who lives in Beijing 4. He has a brother who lives in Beijing. 他有一个哥哥 , 住在北京 . 他有一个住在北京的哥哥 (可能有几个哥哥 , 其中一个是住在北京的 . ) More examples:   非限制性定语从句 : 对先行词进行补充说明 , 关系不是十分紧密 , 省去对主句没有多大影响 .   而限制性定语从句 : 是先行词在意义上 不可缺少 的定语 , 如果去掉 , 主句的意思就不完整 . Non-restrictive attributive clause:    A clause that adds extra information to the man clause of a sentence. 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的 定语,不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整 译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“ … 的 … ” 通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用 A .做宾语时可省略 B .可用 that A .不可省 B 。不用 that Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 1.The famous basketball star, _____is an American, came to China yesterday. 2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _____ she had a wonderful time. 3.I bought a car yesterday,_____ cost me a lot. 4.Xi’an, ______I visited last month, is a nice old city. 5.He will come to see me next July, ___ he won’t be so busy. 6.The school,_______I once studied,was built thirty years ago. 7.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,_______ was true. who whom which which when where which 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别: 一:在句中作用不同 限对先行词有限定制约作用,不可省去,否则句意不完整。 非限起补充作用,可省去,句意仍然完整。 二:外在表现形式不同 非限用逗号隔开 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us Chinese?     你还记得教我们语文的那个女孩吗 ? 2.Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.     张先生昨天来看我 , 他是我的一位朋友。 三:先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词可以为一个句子,此时要用 which 来引导 例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.     一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫 , 这令我十分恐惧。     析 : 由语境可知 , 令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事 , 因此先行词为整个主句 , 此时应由 which 引导定语从句。 四:关系词的使用情况有所不同 ( 1 ) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句他没通过这次考试 , 令我很失望。     误 : He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.     正 : He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me. 使用非限制性定语从句时如果先行词指人,则用 who, whose , which 等;如果先行词指物要用 which ;先行词表时间或者地点,并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用 when 或者 where 引导。     例 1. We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.     我们将于七月份毕业 , 到那时我们就自由了。     例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held.     他们上周日到达南京 , 有个会议要在那里举行。 ( 2 )关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替,但在非限制性定语从句中不行。 例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.     这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。     析 : 先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语 , 可用 who 代替 whom .     例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.     一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友 , 他想给她留下深刻的印象。     析 : 先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语 , 不可用 who 代替 whom . ( 3 )关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可用省略,但在非限制性定语从句中所有的关系词都不能省略。 例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.     这就是他昨天丢的那本书。     析 : 先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语 , 关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。     例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.     他昨天丢了这本书 , 但现在已找到了。     析 : 先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语 , 关系代词 which 不可省。 用定语从句挑战高考原题 ① (浙江 2005 ) Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it ② (浙江 2005 ) ______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. Since ③ (浙江 2006 ) I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which A C B ④ (浙江 2007 ) Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where ⑤ (浙江 2008 ) Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which ⑥ (浙江 2009 ) The young man we’ve just talked to is a traveler ______ parents visited us last year. A. that B. whose C. whom D. which * B B D
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