【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空中名词的考查学案（7页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空中名词的考查学案（7页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空中名词的考查解题指导 ‎[特别说明]　本讲主要涉及名词的单复数和所有格，有关名词的词性转换将在“第6讲　构词法”中具体讲解。‎ 考什么和怎么考 判定方法 应用体验 提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. ‎ ‎②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be Mary’s (Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit.‎ 当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断。‎ ‎1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。‎ ‎2.有these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。‎ ‎3.名词前有one of 时用名词复数形式。‎ ‎4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。‎ ‎③(2017·桂林市联考)To them, life is a competition (compete) — they have to do better than their peers to be happy.‎ ‎④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had several illnesses (illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache.‎ ‎⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of the world’s mostvisited cities (city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system.‎ ‎⑥(2017·成都市模拟)The dependence (depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects.‎ ‎⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.‎ ‎(一)名词复数的规则变化 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots (carrot) and was about to throw them away.‎ 一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如：‎ friend (朋友)→friends　　　nation (国家)→nations ‎ interest (兴趣)→interests change (变化)→changes member (成员)→members wing (翅膀)→wings ‎②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)The new pilot says it’s never too late to spread your wings (wing) and try something new.‎ ‎③(2017·河南省天一大联考)I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinary glasses (glass)．‎ ‎④(2017·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and the branches (branch) began to dry.‎ 词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般加es。例如：‎ bus公共汽车→buses　　fox狐狸→foxes ‎ coach教练→coaches branch树枝→branches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。‎ ‎⑤(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.‎ 词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如：‎ enemy敌人→enemies　　　hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩具→toys key钥匙→keys ‎⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The 220pound Qizai has become a superstar, and many toys (toy) in his color have been made.‎ ‎⑦(2017·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea leaves (leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.‎ 词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。例如：‎ shelf架子→shelves　knife刀子→knives leaf叶子→leaves housewife家庭主妇→housewives ‎⑧(2017·江西省重点中学盟校联考)Tomatoes (tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular.‎ 词尾是以辅音字母＋o结尾，直接加es；以元音字母加o结尾，直接加s。例如：‎ tomato番茄→tomatoes　zoo动物园→zoos 注意：外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s。‎ ‎⑨(2017·四川省龙泉市模拟)They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and take photos (photo) wherever you are.‎ ‎(二)名词复数的不规则变化 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·长沙市联考)Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because giftgiving offers a powerful means (means) to build stronger bonds with one’s closest persons.‎ 单复数同形的名词：例如：‎ sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列 ‎②(2017·石嘴山市模拟)Of the fifteen children (child) born to the family, only eight survived.‎ ‎③(2017·潍坊市复习过关)In the US, for example, more than 14% of women (woman) between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child.‎ 自身有特殊变化的名词：例如：‎ child孩子→children　　　　man男人→men woman女人→women tooth牙→teeth foot脚；英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice ‎ criterion标准→criteria medium传播媒介→media phenomenon现象→phenomena 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.year→years 名词数与格的错用 ‎1.可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，偶尔也考查错把单数用作复数。‎ ‎2.不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。‎ ‎3.可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。‎ ‎4.误把名词的所有格用作普通格：表示“……的”应用所有格形式。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.informations→information ‎③(2014·辽宁高考)We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.time→times ‎④(2017·陕西师大附中模拟)It was a long walk to the repairer shop.repairer→repairer’s ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.honest→honesty ‎⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.grow→growth ‎⑦(2017·宝鸡中学模拟)Young people make their parents angry with their choose in clothes.choose→choices 名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用 ‎1.该用名词却误用形容词：作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。‎ ‎2.该用名词却误用动词：在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·泰安市质检)And it’s certain that these ancient customs (custom) will live forever.‎ ‎2．(2017·南昌二中模拟)He even came close to seeing it for himself no less than nineteen times (time)．‎ ‎3．(2017·吉林大学附中模拟)Experts (expert) consider such engineering to be among the best in the world.‎ ‎4．(2017·渭南市二模)The motivation behind this decision (decide) is to make smoking less appealing to people, especially children.‎ ‎5．(2017·包头市模拟)I am eighteen years old now, which means I’ve become an adult and have more responsibilities (responsibility)．‎ ‎6．The postcard’s_ (postcard) history for the last 94 years is still a mystery.‎ ‎7．(2017·烟台市测试)They are trying to make people understand that donating blood is one of the highest forms (form) of charity.‎ ‎8．(2017·石家庄市测试)That’s one of the nice things about computer games (game) — you can escape the real world.‎ ‎9．(2017·安徽省六安市模拟)From that, they may come to China and learn about some other aspects (aspect) of this culture.‎ ‎10．(2017·揭阳市调研)For tourists who hold a special Tourist Card, they can enjoy a lot of benefits, such as discounts on watches (watch), jewelry and cosmetics.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·合肥市质检)As a student, what can we do to guarantee our safe? safe→safety ‎2．(2017·福州市质检)Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless homeworks.homeworks→homework ‎3．(2017·拉萨中学模拟)In the afternoon, I’ll show you around and take you to some place of interest.place→places ‎4．(2017·兰州一中模拟)Nowadays, many people were crazy about instant fame and wealthy.wealthy→wealth ‎5．(2017·佛山一中模拟)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday, causing 4 death.death→deaths ‎6．(2017·山师大附中模拟)When he got to the company, he found there were many people waiting there and he had no ideas whether he could get the job.ideas→idea ‎7．(2017·曲师大附中模拟)One of the most important rule of finding happiness in life is to do what you love.rule→rules ‎8．(2017·怀化市联考)For students, no matter how busy they are, it is necessary to spare some time to do exercises.exercises→exercise ‎9．(2017·洛阳统一考试)Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.neighbor→neighbor’s ‎10．(2017·绵阳市模拟)In my opinion, to take a break between class is of significant importance.class→classes