【英语】2020届二轮复习完形填空专题讲练学案（115页word版）

【英语】2020届二轮复习完形填空专题讲练学案（115页word版）

‎2020届二轮复习完形填空专题讲练学案 完形填空主要考查考生的思维逻辑性，也就是考生的观察、比较、分析、推断、归纳、建构、辨识、评价、创新等思维水平和能力。其基本命题形式是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文，命题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后去除一处词语，形成总共20处词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内的四个备选答案，需要考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。‎ 年份 卷别 语篇类型 主题语境 句数 实词 动词短语 介词短语 ‎2019‎ 卷Ⅰ 说明文 人与自然——环境保护 ‎17‎ ‎18‎ ‎2‎ 卷Ⅱ 记叙文 人与社会——Ehlers和一条走失的狗 ‎16‎ ‎18‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 卷Ⅲ 新闻报道 人与自然——运用高科技“引进”阳光 ‎12‎ ‎20‎ ‎2018‎ 卷Ⅰ 夹叙夹议文 人与自我——选修象棋课程 ‎13‎ ‎19‎ ‎1‎ 卷Ⅱ 记叙文 人与社会——父亲营救儿子 ‎25‎ ‎19‎ ‎1‎ 卷Ⅲ 记叙文 人与社会——错发的手机短信 ‎15‎ ‎19‎ ‎1‎ ‎2017‎ 卷Ⅰ 夹叙夹议文 人与自我——美式手语 ‎20‎ ‎20‎ 卷Ⅱ 记叙文 人与自我——Freddy的故事 ‎21‎ ‎20‎ 卷Ⅲ 记叙文 人与社会——赠送机票 ‎12‎ ‎19‎ ‎1‎ 体裁题材 完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真至善至美的价值观。‎ 考查重点 高考完形填空着重考查语义关系和逻辑关系，主要测试考生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和句、段间内在联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词、副词或短语。选项不考查语法方面的知识点，尽量保证四个选项都与句中某关键词搭配。正确答案的得出是根据上下文的逻辑联系。‎ 选项设置 从以上统计可以看出，高考完形填空平均18句左右，一般说来，每句设置一个空格，少数句子设置两个空格，高考试题不再出现两空之间的间隔少于5个的情况的设空。高考完形填空重在考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等4大实词。近年来，选项设置也不强求完全一致，如四个选项中，单词和短语共存。‎ 设空分类 高考完形填空的设空可分为三类：前制性设空；后制性设空；语篇性设空。一般而言，前制性设空难度低，后制性设空难度较高，语篇性设空难度最高。从近年来的高考试题看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。‎ ‎■解题的4大策略 ‎[解题口诀]‎ 完形填空本不难，‎ 把握主旨最关键。‎ 首句特别要重视，‎ 信息丰富莫小看。‎ 考题在手先别忙，‎ 急于做题太慌乱。‎ 从头到尾读全文，‎ 空格暂且放一边。‎ 脑中形成一幅画，‎ 紧扣中心不走偏。‎ 纵使有误也正常，‎ 不会连错一大片。‎ 若不清楚重来过，‎ 这样不算费时间。‎ 毕竟目标在高分，‎ 符合正确效率观。‎ ‎■解题的6个微技能 做完形填空主要是找到文中的解题线索和依据。完形填空做得不好，从客观上讲是无法把握文章中心，不能在文章中找到线索；从主观上讲是有些考生缺乏从文章中找线索的意识，不懂如何从文中找到相应的解题线索。因此做题时一定要找到解题线索和依据。‎ 微技能一　利用词汇线索解题 词汇线索主要是词语复现和词语同现。词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词(如decide与determine)、同源词(如ill与illness)、上下义词(如rose是flower的下义词，flower是rose的上义词)、反义词(如wrong与right)等方式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。我们可以借助这一衔接手段解答完形填空题。词语同现是指某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中有同时出现的倾向性，也有人将相关联的一群词称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如ill，hospital，doctor，nurse，operation，medicine，patient等一群相互关联的词语就有同时出现在一个语篇中的可能性。‎ ‎1.原词复现 ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)However，I soon 45.discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish.I find a 47.clean mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.‎ ‎46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones 分析：本题可以利用原词复现解题。联系下文中的with toilets at camps可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。此处选择C项。‎ ‎2.同/近义复现 ‎[示例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from ‎ an unknown person，we usually say “sorry，41.wrong number！”and move on.But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him，he did something 43.special.‎ ‎42.A.received B.translated ‎ C.copied D.printed 分析：文章第一句提到了陌生人收到(get)短信时的反应，接下来讲了发生在丹尼斯身上却有着不同反应的故事，可知此处应该是丹尼斯“收到(received)”陌生人的短信。receive和get为同义词，故选A。‎ ‎3.同源词复现 ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.‎ ‎...‎ This 52.view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.‎ ‎53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials 分析：本题可以利用同源词复现解题。联系上文的“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统，climb与climber是同源词，故选B。‎ ‎4.上下义复现 ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Above 4，000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.‎ ‎57.A.village B.desert ‎ C.road D.lake 分析：本题可以利用上下义复现解题。冒号后的gravel，stones and rocks的上义词是desert(荒漠)。故选B。‎ ‎5.词语同现 ‎[示例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance.55.Fortunately，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner.‎ ‎56.A.return B.relax C.speak D.leave 分析：最有可能与ambulance (救护车)，after a brief stay in hospital (短暂住院之后)等词同现的应当是“出院(leave)”，而不是“回归(return)”“放松(relax)”“说话(speak)”，故选D。‎ 微技能二　利用逻辑线索解题 根据句、段间内在的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系、并列关系、条件与结果关系等。‎ ‎1.因果关系 ‎[示例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)He was an international grandmaster，which 45.meant I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 .I could hardly wait to 47.meet him.‎ ‎46.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest 分析：本题为典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。　　　　　　　　　‎ 通过上面对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的因果关系，再结合语义，答案可以确定为C项。‎ ‎2.转折关系 ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The 3，500 residents cannot all 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time. 57 ，the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 58.sun-starved residents.‎ ‎57.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly 分析：本题可以利用转折关系解题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇居民而言感觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故填however(然而)。故选B。‎ ‎3.对比关系 ‎[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The following term，I 56.registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was 57.prohibited.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 ，if there had been any talking，it would have 59.caused us to learn less.Now，I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.‎ ‎58.A.Lastly B.Thus C.Instead D.However 分析：根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非是不愉快的，相反(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致作者他们学习得更少。所以，前后文是对比关系，故选C项。Instead“相反地”；Lastly“最后，终于”；Thus“因此”；However“然而”。‎ ‎4.递进关系 ‎[示例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In order to 50.pass the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 52 ，to our lives.‎ ‎52.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally 分析：第一层：为了通过这门课程，我们得写一篇论文，在论文中我们要说明如何把在课堂上学到的东西“应用到”未来的职业中去；第二层：“最终”应用到自己的生活中去。‎ 结论：第一、二层之间为“递进”关系。故选A项。‎ ‎5.让步关系 ‎[示例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)And，even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits，news about our 44.instructor was appealing enough to me.‎ ‎43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired 分析：‎ 本题可利用让步关系解题，结合句意可确定答案为A。‎ 微技能三　利用首句线索解题 从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，且首句通常是个完整的句子。这个句子往往是全文的关键句，它是了解全文的窗口。因此，考生要注重细读首句，并据此来判断文章的体裁和题材，推断后文内容，并且首句内容往往是第一题的关键信息。‎ ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 41 with them lots of waste.‎ ‎41.A.keep B.mix ‎ C.connect D.bring 分析：本题可以利用首句线索解题。根据第一句“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro...”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。故选D项。‎ 微技能四　利用语境线索解题 在完形填空的短文中常常设置前后互相暗示的考题。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的某些填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往后看，就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。所以，在做题时一定要充分利用前后的语境线索，以提高做题的准确率。‎ ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)After a long and careful 47.search，Greg saw，across a field, the dog moving 48 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the ‎ animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.‎ ‎48.A.cautiously B.casually ‎ C.skillfully D.angrily 分析：根据下文的nervousness and fear可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。答案可以确定为A项。‎ 微技能五　利用感情线索解题 在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。‎ ‎[示例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 .It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face.‎ ‎49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety 分析：根据空格前面的nervousness and fear were replaced(紧张不安和恐惧被取代了)以及后面的“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.(它就开始舔Ehlers的脸)”可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐(joy)取代。答案可以确定为B项。‎ 微技能六　利用常识线索解题 高考完形填空提供了相对完整的语篇信息，但其间渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和常识。考生在做题时可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来进行分析判断，以节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。‎ ‎[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51 more.‎ ‎47.A.recorded B.performed ‎ C.recited D.discussed ‎50.A.end B.past ‎ C.course D.distance ‎51.A.showing B.acting ‎ C.saying D.wanting 分析：47题选B，50题选B，51题选D。这三个题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，47题应为“我观看ASL俱乐部通过手语表演(performed)了一首歌”；50题应为“我所看到的与我以前的经历完全不同”。in the past“在过去”。作者看了手语表演之后，感觉耳目一新，决定学习手语，故51题应为“这种新奇感让我想得到(wanting)更多”。‎ ‎【即时训练】　根据以上微技能解答下列题目 ‎(2019·邯郸一模)The stage lights dimmed，and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the audience.Blinded by the lights，I quickly 1 .It seems that a great number of eyes were looking at me.I took a deep 2 as the music of my dance began to play.I entered the stage and began my 3 ，the graduation test of the Indian classical dance.‎ After a decade of learning this art form，I had 4 been considered ready to take on the most difficult act.The test is the most important event in a dancer’s life，as it pays 5 to all the factors in one’s life that 6 the dance form：one’s culture and family.‎ The performance is undertaken only by the most 7 and determined students.It is a difficult process that requires much 8 .For more than six months，I spent two to three hours every day 9 these dances.Many times，I 10 myself to my physical and mental breaking point，but still I would not stop.I could not give up.There was always so much more to do and so much more to 11 .‎ I 12 a lot about myself in those tiring hours.I learned that I was far too 13 to give up，and I was too proud to prove myself 14 after I had set an unrealistic goal.Even with physical pain and mental 15 ，I forced myself to meet my 16 .Even when I was at the end of my 17 ，there was always something driving me on，forcing me not to give up.‎ Fortunately，I made it.What I had done 18 the success.It was in those hours that I learned what a dancer 19 is.Those time was evidence that I could 20 something I set out to do.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了“我”通过刻苦训练，顺利地通过了舞蹈毕业考试。这次经历让“我”发现了自我，并意识到有些目标看似不切实际，难以企及，但只要用心努力做，也能够完成。‎ ‎1.A.reached out B.set off C.pulled back D.broke away 答案　C　[根据下文中的“It seems that a great number of eyes were looking at me.”和常识可知，作者感觉有很多观众正在看着自己，所以此时的作者应是感到非常紧张，快速往后退了几步。]‎ ‎2.A.sleep B.breath ‎ C.thought D.sorrow 答案　B　[根据上文可知，作者很紧张，所以在上台表演之前应该做了一次深呼吸来缓解自己的紧张情绪。]‎ ‎3.A.career B.attempt C.response D.performance 答案　D　[根据上文中的the music of my dance began to play可知，作者上台之后就开始了表演。]‎ ‎4.A.eventually B.easily C.absolutely D.desperately 答案　A　[根据设空前的After a decade of learning可知，作者经过了十年的学习，由此可知，作者终于可以参加这个最难的演出了。]‎ ‎5.A.debt B.respect ‎ C.interest D.visit 答案　B　[根据空前的The test is the most important event in a dancer’s life可知，这次考试非常重要，因为这次考试是向舞蹈发展中的所有生活因素致敬。]‎ ‎6.A.develop B.rescue C.introduce D.promote 答案　A　[根据上下文可知，这次考试是向舞蹈发展中的所有生活因素致敬。]‎ ‎7.A.beautiful B.focused C.intelligent D.considerate 答案　B　[根据语境及设空后的determined students 可知，此处应表示参赛舞者的个人品质。设空处所填词应与determined感情色彩一致。]‎ ‎8.A.talent B.strength C.comprehension D.commitment 答案　D　[根据下文中的“For more than six months，I spend two to three hours every day these dances.”可知，在过去半年多的时间里，作者每天花两 到三个小时练习这些舞蹈，所以这是一个艰难的过程，要求大量的投入。]‎ ‎9.A.recording B.discussing C.practicing D.designing 答案　C　[根据上下文可知，在过去半年多的时间里，作者每天花两到三个小时练习舞蹈。]‎ ‎10.A.pushed B.addicted C.treated D.applied 答案　A　[根据设空处后的to my physical and mental breaking point和下文可知，很多次作者身体状况和精神状态都达到了极限，但是作者仍没有放弃。push意为“逼迫；推动”，符合语境。]‎ ‎11.A.forget B.notice ‎ C.learn D.research 答案　C　[根据下文中的 I learned that I was far too to give up 可知，作者不能放弃，因为还有很多事情要去做，很多东西要去学。]‎ ‎12.A.discovered B.abandoned C.controlled D.undertook 答案　A　[根据下文内容可知，此处应指在那些让人疲惫不堪的时光里，作者发现了真正的自己。]‎ ‎13.A.brilliant B.brave C.stubborn D.discouraged 答案　C　[根据空后的 I was too proud to prove myself和下文中的there was always something driving me on，forcing me not to give up 可知，作者很骄傲，并且总有一些事情驱使着作者，迫使作者不放弃，由此可知，作者很固执。]‎ ‎14.A.careless B.nervous C.frightened D.wrong 答案　D　[根据设空处前的too proud to prove myself和设空处后的after I had set an unrealistic goal可知，作者太骄傲了以至于在设定一个不现实的目标后并不想证明自己是错误的。]‎ ‎15.A.function B.stress ‎ C.level D.action 答案　B　[根据上文可知，作者给自己设定了一个不切实际的目标，所以此处表示精神上的压力。]‎ ‎16.A.budget B.deadline C.expense D.expectation 答案　D　[根据下文中的 forcing me not to give up可知，作者给自己设定了一个不切实际的目标，虽然身体不支，也有很大的精神压力，但是作者坚持不放弃，迫使自己达到预期目标。]‎ ‎17.A.limit B.purpose C.preparation D.destination 答案　A　[根据上文中的physical and mental breaking point可知，此处应指作者达到了自己极限的尽头。]‎ ‎18.A.increased B.deserved C.expanded D.exposed 答案　B　[根据上文中的“Fortunately，I made it.”可知，作者最终成功了，设空处应表示作者所做的一切都值了。]‎ ‎19.A.completely B.chiefly C.originally D.truly 答案　D　[结合全文可知，是那些艰难的时光让作者明白了一位真正的舞者是什么样子的。]‎ ‎20.A.change B.supply C.accomplish D.explain 答案　C　[结合全文可知，作者设定了一个不切实际的目标，但最终完成了它，那段时光也成为作者能够完成自己计划去做的事情的见证。]‎ 记叙文专练 A ‎(2019·广州综合测试一)Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school.I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school，but eventually realized that this was 1 .I was well aware that new languages are best learned when 2 ，and that our abilities in that regard decline with age. 3 ，just before my 50th birthday，I 4 for French classes.‎ After I was 5 to see which group I belonged in，I was 6 at almost the introductory level.I found that it really was true that certain linguistic (语言的) abilities 7 with age.While I’d always thought of myself as a(n) 8 learner，that was no longer the case.I absorbed new vocabulary very 9 .What I learned one week ago seemed to 10 as soon as I learned the next skill.‎ Now，a couple of years later，I can listen to the news in French and 11 90 percent of it on the first try and read a novel if it’s not too difficult.‎ Who knows what I might still 12 ？‎ I’ve learned so much 13 grammar and vocabulary.I’ve met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the 14 to make fools of themselves in order to 15 something new.I’ve been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many 16 of the world，including France，Eastern Europe，the Caribbean and Africa.‎ Listening to the news as it is 17 to the people of France，I have a renewed 18 of how something can look completely different from another 19 .I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words，but a way of 20 .But most of all，I’ve learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过作者学习法语的经历告诉我们要活到老，学到老。‎ ‎1.A.unbelievable B.pointless C.unbearable D.valueless 答案　B　[根据该句“I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school，but eventually realized that this was 1 ”以及下文内容可知，“我”想努力保留在学校学的那一点法语，但最终意识到是无意义的(pointless)，故选B。]‎ ‎2.A.energetic B.curious C.young D.old 答案　C　[根据后半句中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并结合常识可知，年轻的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的，故选C。]‎ ‎3.A.However B.Therefore C.Besides D.Meanwhile 答案　A　[根据语境可知，在50岁生日之前，“我”注册(registered)了法语课，并结合上文提到的“年轻的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的”可知，此处表示转折关系，故选A。]‎ ‎4.A.sought B.registered C.fought D.prepared 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎5.A.interviewed B.challenged C.asked D.tested 答案　D　[根据空后的“to see which group I belonged in”并结合语境可知，经过测试来看“我”属于哪一个团体之后，“我”被归(placed)为几乎是初级水平，故选D。]‎ ‎6.A.restricted B.withdrawn C.appointed D.placed 答案　D　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎7.A.fade B.remain ‎ C.disappear D.improve 答案　A　[根据第一段中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并结合常识可推知，某些语言的能力会随着年龄的增加而逐渐消失(fade)，故选A。]‎ ‎8.A.autonomous B.average C.quick D.dull 答案　C　[根据语境可推知，作者一直认为自己是一个敏锐的(quick)学习者，但却不再是这样了，故选C。]‎ ‎9.A.easily B.slowly ‎ C.steadily D.rapidly 答案　B　[结合语境及上题解析可推知，作者掌握新词汇的速度很慢，故选B。]‎ ‎10.A.crowd in B.make sense C.slip away D.build up 答案　C　[根据语境可知，“我”一学习下一个技能，一个星期前学的就消失(slip away)了，故选C。crowd in “涌上(心头)”；make sense “有意义”；build up “(使)扩大”。]‎ ‎11.A.catch B.recite ‎ C.share D.repeat 答案　A　[根据语境可推知，“我”第一遍听法语新闻时能够理解(catch)90%的内容。catch “理解”，故选A。]‎ ‎12.A.complete B.overlook C.perform D.accomplish 答案　D　[根据语境可知，谁知道“我”仍可能实现(accomplish)什么呢？故选D。]‎ ‎13.A.except B.beyond ‎ C.through D.including 答案　B　[根据下文的内容可知，作者认为自己学到的不仅仅是法语的语法和词汇，故选B。beyond意为“除……之外”。]‎ ‎14.A.confidence B.ability ‎ C.patience D.courage 答案　D　[根据空后的“make fools of themselves in order to 15 something ‎ new”可知，此处表示作者遇到了来自世界各行各业的人，他们有勇气(courage)使自己(看起来)愚蠢以学(learn)一些新的东西，故选D。]‎ ‎15.A.learn B.experience ‎ C.explore D.possess 答案　A　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎16.A.organizations B.corners C.classes D.races 答案　B　[根据下文的“including France，Eastern Europe，the Caribbean and Africa”可知，这些老师来自世界的许多地区(corners)。]‎ ‎17.A.updated B.spread ‎ C.presented D.conveyed 答案　C　[根据语境可知，听着播放给法国人的新闻，“我”有了一个全新的理解，故选C。present “上演，播出”。]‎ ‎18.A.understanding B.attitude C.knowledge D.judgment 答案　A　[根据语境可知，“我”对一些东西是如何从不同角度(angle)看起来完全不同有了全新的理解(understanding)，故选A。]‎ ‎19.A.manner B.aspect ‎ C.angle D.direction 答案　C　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎20.A.studying B.working ‎ C.living D.thinking 答案　D　[根据语境并结合常识可知，一门语言不仅仅是一组单词，也是一种思维(thinking)方式。]‎ B ‎(2019·长春高三质量监测)Steve was a seventh grader，a big boy，looking more like a teenager than a 12-year-old.Yet，he went unnoticed—he had been 1 every examination since first grade—until Miss Wilma appeared.‎ In the middle of the first semester of school，the entire seventh grade was 2 for basic skills.‎ ‎“You all did pretty well，”Miss Wilma told the class after going over the 3 ，“except for one boy.And it 4 my heart to tell you this，but...”she 5 ，“the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.”Steve 6 his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.‎ After that，Steve still wouldn’t do his homework.Even if Miss Wilma 7 punished him，he remained 8 .‎ ‎“Steve，please！I care about you！”‎ ‎ 9 ，Steve got it！“Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”‎ One Monday a couple of weeks later，Miss Wilma gave a 10 on the weekend homework.Steve 11 through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.With a look of 12 ，Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.‎ Miss Wilma’s face was in a 13 shock！She glanced up at Steve，then 14 ，then up.The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!‎ From that moment，nothing was the same for Steve.He discovered that not only could he remember and understand 15 ，but he could translate what he learned into his life.He became 16 .‎ After high school，Steve enlisted in the Navy，and he had a(n) 17 military career.During his naval years，he inspired many young people who might not have 18 themselves without him.‎ A 19 took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher，who 20 .‎ ‎【语篇解读】　Steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，而且告诉他老师非常关心他。Steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。‎ ‎1.A.missing B.failing C.passing D.skipping 答案　B　[根据下文可知，Steve学习成绩很差；故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。]‎ ‎2.A.tested B.classified C.separated D.dismissed 答案　A　[根据语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。]‎ ‎3.A.questions B.effects C.lessons D.results 答案　D　[根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(results)。]‎ ‎4.A.fills B.presses ‎ C.breaks D.destroys 答案　C　[根据语境可知，此处表示告诉Steve他考试没及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break“使心碎”。]‎ ‎5.A.shouted B.hesitated C.interrupted D.laughed 答案　B　[根据语境可知，Miss Wilma的语意有所转折，故此处表示她犹豫 (hesitated)了一下继续说道。]‎ ‎6.A.dropped B.raised C.covered D.closed 答案　A　[根据语境可知，Steve此次测试未及格，所以当Miss Wilma提到Steve的时候，Steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop one’s eyes“垂下眼睛”。]‎ ‎7.A.strangely B.steadily C.severely D.secretly 答案　C　[根据上文“After that，Steve still wouldn’t do his homework”并结合语境可推知，即使Miss Wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了Steve，但他仍然很固执(stubborn)。]‎ ‎8.A.helpless B.stubborn C.flexible D.crazy 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎9.A.Commonly B.Unwillingly C.Particularly D.Suddenly 答案　D　[根据语境可知，Steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。Suddenly“突然”‎ 符合语境。]‎ ‎10.A.quiz B.chance C.speech D.presentation 答案　A　[根据下文“Steve 11 through the test and was the first to hand in his paper”可知，此处表示Miss Wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。]‎ ‎11.A.slept B.looked ‎ C.lived D.hurried 答案　D　[根据该句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，Steve很快就完成了测试。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合语境。]‎ ‎12.A.disappointment B.surprise C.satisfaction D.inspiration 答案　B　[根据下文中的“Miss Wilma’s face was in a 13 shock”可知，Miss Wilma对Steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。]‎ ‎13.A.bitter B.total C.precious D.ridiculous 答案　B　[根据语境可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊。a total shock“深感震惊”为固定搭配]‎ ‎14.A.down B.away ‎ C.out D.back 答案　A　[根据该句“She glanced up at Steve，then 14 ，then up”可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合语境。]‎ ‎15.A.homework B.grades C.knowledge D.subjects 答案　C　[根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。]‎ ‎16.A.outstanding B.lazy C.rough D.troublesome 答案　A　[根据上文内容可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识应用到生活中。由此可推知，他变得很优秀(outstanding)。]‎ ‎17.A.tiring B.ordinary C.hardworking D.successful 答案　D　[根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，Steve参加了海军，并且度过了成功的(successful)军旅生涯。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。]‎ ‎18.A.relied on B.looked after C.turned to D.believed in 答案　D　[根据语境可知，Steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果不是他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believed in )自己。]‎ ‎19.A.competition B.choice C.change D.campaign 答案　C　[根据上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的关心下，发生了改变(change)。]‎ ‎20.A.waited B.listened C.wished D.cared 答案　D　[解析见上题。与上文中的“I care about you”呼应。]‎ C ‎(2019·长沙四校一模)“Love is caring，”Grandma told me as I sat at her bedside.She was in bed and receiving hospice care(临终关怀护理).‎ As immigrants，Grandma’s families were 1 .First，they started a sausage-making business.Then，they ran a grocery store.As the Depression(经济大萧条) raised its 2 head in 1929，many families couldn’t 3 groceries.Her father insisted on helping by extending credit to them.But，his selfless help led to financial disaster 4 large numbers of the credit extensions went 5 .‎ Disaster didn’t stop there.After her parents’ deaths two years later，Grandma 6 the debts，lost the business and 7 her brothers，looking after and protecting them.She fell sick from sadness，feeling hopeless and helpless. 8 ，she finally pulled herself together.She 9 creditors to give her time to repay them.She found a job in a ‎ candy shop. 10 ，all of her family’s debts were repaid.Her 11 kept the family from bankruptcy(破产).‎ Through her many 12 ，Grandma found the strength to give and be 13 for the smallest things.She never made complaints about the families that 14 to repay her even after their hardships ended.‎ I remembered the 15 she had told us many times.Her sister Olivia was 16 hard times.She only had two dollars in cash to get herself through the week then.But after struggling，she 17 slipped her very last two dollars into an envelope 18 to Olivia.‎ ‎“Be appreciative of everything，Lauren.And love others.Love is caring，”Grandma 19 .‎ Looking at the courage of a woman facing 20 made me realize I had so much to learn.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在祖母临终前探视她时，对她坚强、富有爱心的一生作了追忆，并告诉我们“爱就是关怀”这一人生真理。‎ ‎1.A.united B.adventurous C.reliable D.cautious 答案　B　[根据下文中的“First，they started a sausage-making business.Then，they ran a grocery store”可知，作者的祖母一家作为移民，他们先后开办了香肠制作店和食品杂货店，这说明他们很有冒险精神。adventurous“有冒险精神的”，符合语境。united“团结的”；reliable“可靠的”；cautious“小心的，谨慎的”。]‎ ‎2.A.rigid B.big ‎ C.ugly D.heavy 答案　C　[根据上文中的“As the Depression(经济大萧条)...groceries”可知，此处应用“ugly”来形容经济大萧条，暗含了人们对经济大萧条的痛恨之情。ugly“丑陋的，险恶的，令人不快的”，符合语境。rigid“僵硬的”；big“大的”；heavy“沉重的”。]‎ ‎3.A.manage B.demand ‎ C.afford D.supply 答案　C　[由于经济大萧条，人们买不起食品杂货。afford“支付得起”，符合语境。manage“经营”；demand“需要，要求”；supply“供应”。]‎ ‎4.A.although B.unless ‎ C.before D.when 答案　D　[根据上文中的“Her father insisted on helping by extending credit to them”“his selfless help led to financial disaster”可知，在经济大萧条的形势下，作者祖母的父亲坚持为人们提供信贷服务。但是当人们不能偿还信贷时，他无私的关爱给他的家庭带来了经济灾难。when“当……的时候”，符合语境。]‎ ‎5.A.unpaid B.unconfirmed C.unknown D.unnoticed 答案　A　[解析见上题。下文中的“repay them”亦是提示。unpaid“未偿还的”，符合语境。unconfirmed“未经证实的”；unknown“未知的”；unnoticed“被忽视的”。]‎ ‎6.A.took over B.turned over C.picked up D.made up 答案　A　[根据上文中的“After her parents’ deaths two years later”和下文中的“She found a job...repaid”可知，祖母的父母去世后，她承担了那些债务。take over“接管，接手”，符合语境。turn over“使翻转”；pick up“捡起”；make up“构成，组成”。]‎ ‎7.A.bothered B.mothered C.comforted D.instructed 答案　B　[父母都去世了，她承担起照顾弟弟们的重任。mother“给以母亲的关爱，像母亲般地照顾”，符合语境。下文中的“looking after and protecting them”是提示。bother“使烦恼”；comfort“安慰”；instruct“指导”。]‎ ‎8.A.Therefore B.Meanwhile C.Otherwise D.However 答案　D　[根据上文中的“She fell sick...helpless”和下文中的“She finally pulled herself together”可知，但是，她最终振作起来了。前后句之间存在语义上的转折关系，故however“但是”符合语境。therefore“因此”；meanwhile“与此同时”‎ ‎；otherwise“否则，要不然”。]‎ ‎9.A.commanded B.reminded C.persuaded D.expected 答案　C　[她说服了债主们延长还债期限。persuade“说服”，符合语境。command“命令”；remind“提醒”；expect“期待”。]‎ ‎10.A.In turn B.In time C.In secret D.In surprise 答案　B　[过了一段时间之后，她家的债务终于还清了。in time“经过一段时间之后，最后”，符合语境。in turn“轮流，转而”；in secret“秘密地”；in surprise“惊讶地”。]‎ ‎11.A.intelligence B.fortune C.confidence D.determination 答案　D　[根据上文她说服债主延长还债期限，找到工作并还清债务的内容可知，祖母有很大的决心和毅力。determination“决心，毅力”，符合语境。intelligence“智慧”；fortune“运气”；confidence“信心”。]‎ ‎12.A.losses B.roles ‎ C.attempts D.errors 答案　A　[经历了许多的挫折，祖母发现了给予的力量。loss“损失，失利”，此处可理解为“挫折，逆境”，符合语境。role“角色”；attempt“尝试”；error“错误”。]‎ ‎13.A.ready B.thankful C.respectful D.responsible 答案　B　[祖母经历了许多挫折，却没有对生活心生怨恨，反而感激生活赋予的一切。下文中的“Be appreciative of everything”亦是提示。thankful“感激的”，符合语境。ready“准备好的”；respectful“尊敬的”；responsible“负有责任的”。]‎ ‎14.A.refused B.promised C.pretended D.intended 答案　A　[即使是对那些已度过困难时期却拒绝偿还信贷的家庭，作者的祖母亦不曾有过抱怨。refuse“拒绝”，符合语境。promise“承诺”；pretend“假装”‎ ‎；intend“打算”。]‎ ‎15.A.business B.challenge C.activity D.story 答案　D　[根据语境可知，此处指祖母多次讲述的一件往事(story)。business“商务，公事”；challenge“挑战”；activity“活动”。]‎ ‎16.A.going around B.going with C.going through D.going over 答案　C　[祖母的妹妹正经历困难时期，go through“经历，经受(困境、痛苦等 )”，符合语境。go around“传播，流行”；go with“附属于”；go over“仔细考虑，仔细检查”。]‎ ‎17.A.calmly B.hesitantly C.thoughtfully D.gently 答案　A　[根据下文中的“into an envelope 18 to Olivia”可知，尽管祖母只剩下两美元来度过那一周，但经过一番挣扎之后，她还是把这仅有的两美元装到信封里寄给了妹妹。此处用calmly表明祖母内心的平静，更能说明她的爱心之伟大。hesitantly“不情愿地，犹豫地”；thoughtfully“体贴地”；gently“温柔地”。]‎ ‎18.A.presented B.conveyed C.written D.addressed 答案　D　[解析见上题。address“写(收信人) 姓名地址”，符合语境。]‎ ‎19.A.continued B.repeated C.responded D.explained 答案　B　[作者的祖母重复道：“Lauren，要对一切事物心存感激。要关爱他人。爱就是关怀。”repeat“重复，重说”，符合语境。continue“继续说”；respond“答复”；explain“解释”。]‎ ‎20.A.unfairness B.uncertainty C.death D.danger 答案　C　[祖母一生经历了那么多艰难困苦，却都一一克服，所以看到她面对死亡的勇气让作者意识到自己还有很多要学习的地方。此处用“death”呼应文章开头的“hospice care(临终关怀护理)”。unfairness“不公平”；uncertainty“犹豫”‎ ‎；danger“危险”。]‎ A ‎(2019·昆明高三诊断)Being jobless for the last three months，I am upset nowadays.My son has lost his 1 from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school.I have moved from a spacious(宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to 2 my living expenses.My wife has built extra stress.On top of that，my father-in-law 3 a week ago，which has added fuel to fire， 4 our family into a more terrible state.‎ In these circumstances I have two mental 5 ：either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind，or 6 my negative thoughts with super mental powers about self-confidence and consistency，and 7 applying for new jobs with positive attitude.‎ I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am 8 today will build up my 9 .My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) 10 man one day.I understand that good and bad stages are part of 11 .While good times make me happy，bad times 12 the “inner” me.‎ Two months later， 13 ，I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary.Time has healed my wife’s mental stress 14 the death of her father.My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still 15 ！‎ As I am back on the track of normal life，I can 16 say that the most important things that helped me 17 the crisis (危机) were my consistent character of patience，and 18 attitude towards life.So，while I wish you all the best life can 19 you，I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life 20 you are trapped in any of such situations.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者成功应对困境的故事启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。‎ ‎1.A.admission B.benefit C.diploma D.permission 答案　A 　[根据该句中的“he might have to go to a less qualified school”可推知，作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“ My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still 15 ！”呼应。]‎ ‎2.A.share B.reduce C.break D.raise 答案　B　[根据上文可知，作者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓。]‎ ‎3.A.showed up B.set off C.fell down D.passed away 答案　D　[根据下文“Time has healed my wife’s mental stress 14 the death of her father”可知，作者妻子的父亲过世了。pass away“去世”。]‎ ‎4.A.putting B.finding C.forming D.lifting 答案　A　[根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put “使处于(某状态或情况)”，符合语境。]‎ ‎5.A.problems B.concerns C.choices D.activities 答案　C　[根据空后的“either to feel upset...or 6 my negative thoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种选择，与下文中的“I choose the second option”呼应。]‎ ‎6.A.link B.replace C.mix D.exchange 答案　B　[固定搭配replace...with...意为“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B。]‎ ‎7.A.regret B.stop ‎ C.keep D.risk 答案　C　[根据下文中的“I have finally landed a job”可推知，作者也可以保持积极的态度，继续申请新的职位。keep“继续”。]‎ ‎8.A.practicing B.suffering C.producing D.relieving 答案　B　[根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度继续申请新的工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的痛苦将增强他的勇气(character)。]‎ ‎9.A.intelligence B.body C.character D.reputation 答案　C　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎10.A.careful B.hard-working C.easy-going D.successful 答案　D　[根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) 10 man one day”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功。]‎ ‎11.A.life B.wealth ‎ C.time D.health 答案　A　[根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好和坏都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“As I am back on the track of normal life”呼应。]‎ ‎12.A.hide B.destroy C.strengthen D.kill 答案　C　[根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量。]‎ ‎13.A.desperately B.unwillingly C.hopefully D.fortunately 答案　D　[根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地找到了一份称心的工作。]‎ ‎14.A.regardless of B.due to C.instead of D.apart from 答案　B　[根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前果后因。due to “由于”符合语境。]‎ ‎15.A.occupied B.empty C.open D.closed 答案　C　[根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放，因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取。]‎ ‎16.A.disappointedly B.surprisedly C.deliberately D.confidently 答案　D　[根据上文中的“My strengths will then increase my confidence”可推知，在生活恢复正常的情况下，作者信心满满。]‎ ‎17.A.fight B.meet ‎ C.change D.delay 答案　A　[根据上文可知，作者战胜了困境，渡过了危机，生活重新步入正轨。]‎ ‎18.A.general B.positive C.friendly D.honest 答案　B　[根据上文中的“applying for new jobs with positive attitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的生活态度帮助作者渡过了生活中的危机。]‎ ‎19.A.offer B.expect ‎ C.manage D.send 答案　A　[根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境。]‎ ‎20.A.as if B.in that C.now that D.in case 答案　D　[根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。in case“如果，假使”。]‎ B ‎(2019·湖北八校高三联考)I used to hate running.It seemed too hard，and pushing outside my comfort 1 was not something I was eager to do.‎ In fact，I wouldn’t have become a(n) 2 if it weren’t for my husband Charles.He had been a 3 ，competitive runner for many years.After our marriage，he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he 4 it.‎ So he picked it up again，and after about a year，I started to join him at the 5 .Just a few weeks later，Charles signed up for a five-kilometer race for both of us.I 6 about doing it.It was too soon.‎ But on the race day，there I was.‎ The gun went off.Thousands of runners 7 .‎ The first kilometer was tough.I was already breathing 8 and painfully aware of the group of runners 9 past me.‎ After another minute I saw the three-kilometer 10 .All I could think of was that I was 11 .‎ I rounded a corner，and saw both sides of the street 12 with people watching the race，all cheering the runners on：I 13 my legs to keep going.‎ Then I looked up and saw the clock.The 14 ticking away gave me an incentive(动力).I knew that if I had 15 finished this race I would have achieved something.So，I 16 up，and kicked it.‎ I had my arms 17 higher when I passed through the finish line.A volunteer put a(n) 18 around my neck.‎ ‎“You did great！I’m so proud of you！”Charles was thrilled that I’d 19 .‎ ‎“That was amazing！I want to do another race.”I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the post-race festivities.My lungs and my comfort zone both 20 .‎ ‎【语篇解读】　 本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本并不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也开始跑步，并且坚持完成了5公里的跑步比赛。‎ ‎1.A.block B.line C.emotion D.zone 答案　D　[根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，答案选D项。]‎ ‎2.A.wife B.coach C.expert D.runner 答案　D　[根据下文内容可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑步者(runner)。]‎ ‎3.A.serious B.common C.casual D.sharp 答案　A　[根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious“认真的”。]‎ ‎4.A.hated B.missed C.admired D.trained 答案　B　[根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停地说他有多想念(missed)跑步。]‎ ‎5.A.race B.department C.track D.ceremony 答案　C　[根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步时，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。track“跑道”。]‎ ‎6.A.hesitated B.puzzled C.cared D.brought 答案　A　[根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑步的时候，作者有些犹豫。]‎ ‎7.A.slipped away B.backed off C.pushed forward D.came over 答案　C　[根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲了出去。]‎ ‎8.A.mildly B.shallowly C.gently D.heavily 答案　D　[根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经呼吸沉重了。heavily“沉重地”。]‎ ‎9.A.running B.bending C.reaching D.pacing 答案　A　[根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑着超过了作者。]‎ ‎10.A.symbol B.mark C.pattern D.campaign 答案　B　[根据该句“After another minute I saw the three-kilometer 10 ”可知，此处表示作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark“标记”。]‎ ‎11.A.hopeful B.speechless C.dying D.moving 答案　C　[根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公里的标志牌时，作者感觉自己要死了一样。]‎ ‎12.A.stuck B.crowded C.provided D.directed 答案　B　[街道的两边挤满(crowded)了观看赛跑的人，他们都在为选手加油。]‎ ‎13.A.sunk B.bent ‎ C.shook D.willed 答案　D　[在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will“设法用意志力驱使”。]‎ ‎14.A.seconds B.titles C.criteria D.competitors 答案　A　[根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒走过的时间都在给她加油助力。]‎ ‎15.A.also B.actually C.just D.unfortunately 答案　B　[作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她已经完成了一些事。]‎ ‎16.A.dressed B.came C.stayed D.straightened 答案　D　[根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完成赛跑。straighten up “挺直身子”。]‎ ‎17.A.kept B.crossed ‎ C.held D.tied 答案　C　[当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold“使保持(在某位置)”。]‎ ‎18.A.rope B.medal C.necklace D.award 答案　B　[根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖牌。]‎ ‎19.A.got it B.meant it C.made it D.defeated it 答案　C　[根据上文内容 可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it“获得成功”。]‎ ‎20.A.trembled B.expanded C.ached D.erupted 答案　B　[根据语境可知，此处表示在作者成功跑完了这次五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒适区都得到了扩展。]‎ C ‎(2019·沈阳高三教学质量监测)‎ It was 1972，and I was in second grade.In the classroom the teacher，Ms.Boyette was 1 aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins.And we had just come to a part of the book where the main 2 was training a wild dog.I was listening，fascinated by the 3 of all.‎ Not far away from me，there seated a boy who always frightened or 4 others，so I was 5 of this boy.While Ms.Boyette was reading，I looked over at him，for he was someone I was in the 6 of keeping an eye on.I 7 that he was listening too，that he was engaged by the 8 ，that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart.I 9 at him，open-mouthed.I was 10 that this boy was in fact just 11 me.He was a kid who liked a story.The boy must 12 my eyes on him，because he turned.Then something 13 happened.He smiled at me. 14 ，I smiled back，unafraid.We were two 15 smiling at each other.‎ Why have I never forgotten this 16 moment？Why do I still 17 every detail of it？I think it’s because that moment illustrates so beautifully the 18 of reading out loud.It shows us into a safe room，where everyone involved，the reader and the listener can have that chance to 19 each other.We humans long not just for the story，not just for the flow of language，but for the 20 that comes when words are read aloud.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆儿时的故事阐明了阅读的力量所在。‎ ‎1.A.shouting B.singing C.talking D.reading 答案　D　[根据下文中的“come to a part of the book”和“I was listening”可推知，当时老师在给学生们朗读小说，与下文中的“While Ms.Boyette was reading”呼应。]‎ ‎2.A.author B.character C.reader D.listener 答案　B　[根据上文可知，老师在给学生们读小说的一个章节，并结合空后的“was training a wild dog”可推知，此处表示小说中的主人公正在训练一只野狗。character“人物，角色”。]‎ ‎3.A.wonder B.silence C.warmth D.comfort 答案　A　[根据空前的“fascinated by the”并结合语境可推知，作者被小说中的奇妙之处迷住了。wonder“奇妙之处”。]‎ ‎4.A.greeted B.touched C.hurt D.refused 答案　C　[根据该句中的“frightened or 4 others”，并结合选项可推知，那个男孩总是吓唬或伤害他人。]‎ ‎5.A.aware B.terrified C.bored D.guilty 答案　B　[根据下文中的“I smiled back，unafraid”，并结合语境可推知，作者害怕这个男孩。]‎ ‎6.A.habit B.form ‎ C.effort D.hope 答案　A　[根据下文中的“The boy must 12 my eyes on him，because he turned”并结合语境可推知，当老师读小说时，作者习惯盯着那个男孩。]‎ ‎7.A.predicted B.imagined C.promised D.noticed 答案　D　[根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时一直盯着那个男孩，注意到了一些细节，与下文的具体描述呼应。]‎ ‎8.A.speech B.story C.journey D.diary 答案　B　[根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story”可知，男孩被老师朗读的故事吸引了。]‎ ‎9.A.pointed B.nodded C.stared D.waved 答案　C　[根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时盯着那个男孩看。]‎ ‎10.A.struck B.mixed ‎ C.cheated D.confused 答案　A　[根据上文的“open-mouthed”并结合语境可推知，作者当时很吃惊，突然意识到了什么。strike“突然想到，猛地意识到”。]‎ ‎11.A.behind B.beyond ‎ C.around D.like 答案　D　[根据上文中的“I was listening，fascinated by the 3 of all”可推知，作者喜欢听故事，根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story”可推知，这个男孩也喜欢听故事，作者意识到这个男孩和自己很像。]‎ ‎12.A.ignore B.feel ‎ C.meet D.observe 答案　B　[根据空后的“because he turned”可推知，男孩感觉到作者在关注着他，所以转过头来。]‎ ‎13.A.useful B.natural ‎ C.serious D.amazing 答案　D　[根据下文的“He smiled at me”，并结合上文介绍的这个男孩经常吓唬或伤害他人可推知，男孩对作者微笑是一件令人惊奇的事。]‎ ‎14.A.Then B.Again ‎ C.Instead D.Besides 答案　A　[根据语境可知，作者给对方以微笑回应，由此可知前后句表示逻辑上的顺承关系。then“然后”。]‎ ‎15.A.strangers B.kids C.teachers D.enemies 答案　B　[根据上文中的“I was in second grade”可知，作者和那个男孩当时都还是孩子。]‎ ‎16.A.funny B.busy ‎ C.lucky D.small 答案　D　[根据上文的描述可知，作者陈述的只是上课时的一个短暂的时刻而已。]‎ ‎17.A.seek B.organize C.recall D.trust 答案　C　[根据上文的描述和语境可推知，作者现在是在回忆儿时所发生的事情。recall“回忆起”。]‎ ‎18.A.power B.courage C.amusement D.ability 答案　A　[根据语境可推知，此处表示那个时刻美妙地阐明了大声朗读的力量所在。power“力量”；courage“勇气”；amusement“娱乐”；ability“能力”。]‎ ‎19.A.cheer B.see ‎ C.miss D.mention 答案　B　[根据上文中的“We were two 15 smiling at each other”可推知，大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此。]‎ ‎20.A.challenge B.knowledge C.choice D.connection 答案　D　[根据上文所表述的大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此可推知，大声朗读将朗读者和听众联系起来。]‎ A ‎(2019·黑龙江六校协作体一模)‎ A surveillance(监视)video has become a hit on social media.In the video，cars and taxis in a 1 tunnel(隧道) in Yichang，Hubei Province，are giving 2 to an ambulance.‎ It was on Monday night.The ambulance was trapped in the traffic jam 3 after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7：46 pm.But when hearing the 4 of the ‎ ambulance，many cars and taxis ahead 5 and moved to the sides to make way.‎ The ambulance，carrying a patient in need of a (n) 6 operation，soon passed through the tunnel by the “life channel” 7 by the car drivers. 8 the “life channel”，the patient was sent to the hospital in time and got 9 treatments.He and his family 10 their deep appreciation to all those who had made way for the ambulance on the way it had been driven 11 .‎ The ambulance 12 said that if the car drivers hadn’t given way，he couldn’t 13 how long it would have taken him to make it through and how 14 it would have been for the patient.“I usually see such kind 15 on TV.But when it happened in front of my eyes，I was greatly 16 ，” he said.‎ Chinese netizens also expressed their 17 for the drivers.One said，“The city is full of the milk of human kindness and 18 energy.”Another 19 ，“Three years ago，a similar situation also happened in the same tunnel.Be 20 of our city！”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在晚上堵车的隧道里，司机们主动为救护车让出车道，从而使需要急救的病人得以及时医治的感人故事。‎ ‎1.A.narrow B.crowded C.long D.wide 答案　B　[根据下文中的“The ambulance was trapped in the traffic jam 3 after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7：46 pm”可知，当时隧道里交通拥挤(crowded)。]‎ ‎2.A.petrol B.life C.way D.light 答案　C　[根据下文中的“But when hearing the 4 of the ambulance，many cars and taxis ahead 5 and moved to the sides to make way”可推知，当时隧道里的其他车辆听到救护车的声音就为它让路。give way (to sb/sth)“让……先行”，故选 C。]‎ ‎3.A.shortly B.frequently C.obviously D.swiftly 答案　A　[结合空后的“at 7：46 pm”‎ 可推知，救护车出行时间正值交通高峰期，因此进入隧道不久(shortly)就遭遇了堵车。]‎ ‎4.A.whistle B.shout ‎ C.scream D.yell 答案　A　[根据空前的“hearing”可推知，当时隧道里的其他车辆听到救护车的汽笛声，纷纷让道。whistle“汽笛声”，故选A。]‎ ‎5.A.speeded B.accelerated C.slowed D.stopped 答案　C　[由上文中的“the traffic jam”可知，当时隧道很拥堵，由此可推知，许多车辆放慢速度并移动到一侧为其让路。]‎ ‎6.A.ordinary B.authentic C.general D.emergency 答案　D　[根据语境可推知，救护车上的病人情况紧急，需要做急救手术。故选D。]‎ ‎7.A.designed B.constructed C.created D.owned 答案　C　[根据上文中的“But when hearing the 4 of the ambulance，many cars and taxis ahead 5 and moved to the sides to make way”可知，这一“救生通道”是由隧道里的汽车司机们创造(created)出来的。]‎ ‎8.A.Thanks to B.Compared with C.Apart from D.But for 答案　A　[根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果。Thanks to “由于”符合语境，故选A。compare with“与……比较”；apart from“除了……外”；but for “要不是”。]‎ ‎9.A.cautious B.entire C.extreme D.timely 答案　D　[根据上文中的“the patient was sent to the hospital in time”并结合语境可推知，病人被及时送到医院，得到了及时的(timely)治疗。]‎ ‎10.A.returned B.adopted C.conveyed D.announced 答案　C　[根据上文内容可知，病人得到了及时的治疗，故此处应是那个病人和他的家人对所有让路的司机表达了(conveyed)深深的感激。]‎ ‎11.A.along B.together C.over D.around 答案　A　[根据空前的“on the way it had been driven”可推知，此处表示救护车一路开过去。]‎ ‎12.A.doctor B.chemist C.driver D.guard 答案　C　[结合下文中的“he couldn’t 13 how long it would have taken him to make it through...the patient”可推知，此处指的是救护车司机(driver)所说的话。]‎ ‎13.A.imagine B.calculate C.evaluate D.realize 答案　A　[根据语境可推知，此处表示他难以想象他本应该花多长时间才能穿过去。]‎ ‎14.A.easy B.serious C.happy D.sorrowful 答案　B　[根据语境可知，如果救护车被交通堵塞所耽误，那么车上需要急救的病人的情况将会变得很严重(serious)。]‎ ‎15.A.performance B.movement C.activity D.behavior 答案　D　[根据上文可知，处于交通堵塞中的司机们为救护车让道是一种善举。behavior“行为”符合语境。]‎ ‎16.A.touched B.surprised C.annoyed D.interested 答案　A　[根据前一句中的“kind”并结合语境可推知，救护车司机被人们的这种善举感动(touched)了。]‎ ‎17.A.envy B.encouragement C.admiration D.mercy 答案　C　[根据空前的“expressed”以及下文中的“the milk of human kindness”‎ 可推知，网民们也表达了他们对司机们的敬佩(admiration)。]‎ ‎18.A.enthusiastic B.negative C.optimistic D.positive 答案　D　[根据空前的“the milk of human kindness”可推知，此处表示正能量。enthusiastic“热情的”；negative“负面的，消极的”；optimistic“乐观的”；positive“积极的”。]‎ ‎19.A.recalled B.repeated C.replied D.called 答案　A　[根据空后的“Three years ago”可推知，此处表示另一位网友回忆起(recalled)过去的情况。]‎ ‎20.A.aware B.proud C.fond D.afraid 答案　B　[根据上文的内容可知，本文是一篇正能量的故事，结合上文中的“a similar situation”可推知，此处表示为我们的城市感到自豪。]‎ B ‎(2019·银川高三质量检测)On a beautiful September evening，my 11-year-old grandson，Josh，and his team were warming up for their first football game of the season.‎ At six，the 1 called the captains forward，said something and 2 his whistle.The two teams 3 separately.I was 4 .The other team were， 5 ，ten inches taller than our players.It didn’t take long for their 6 advantage to show.They took a 7-0 lead very 7 .At the half，the score stood at 34 to 6.Josh 8 minimal play time.In the second half，they used Josh more often.The score climbed to 40 to 6.‎ Once again，the other team began their 9 down the field.Their quarterback threw the ball.The receiver caught it and 10 the goal.There was only one man in his 11 —Josh.Josh dove and 12 that boy’s legs with all his strength.The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and 13 fell down.‎ On the next play，their quarterback shot an opening and rushed to the goal，but there was Josh again.Josh knocked him off his feet and 14 another goal.They scored ‎ on the last play，but it wasn’t Josh’s 15 .The game ended with a score of 48 to 6.‎ On the way home，I wanted to 16 Josh，but he turned to me with a 17 smile.“Grandpa，that was a 18 game.”‎ ‎“But you lost，48 to 6！”‎ ‎“I know，but I did well.”‎ The boy understood the 19 better than I did.They didn’t win，but he did his best.I was proud of him.More 20 ，he was proud of himself.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”十一岁的孙子Josh参加了赛季的第一次足球赛，对手平均比他们高出10英寸。在赛场上，Josh拼尽全力挽救了几个球；虽然最终比赛输了，但是他认为自己做得很好，并为自己感到自豪，“我”也为他感到自豪。‎ ‎1.A.player B.referee C.coach D.receiver 答案　B　[根据上文可知，“我”的十一岁的孙子和他的球队正在为他们这个赛季的第一场足球比赛做准备活动；结合该句中的“At six，the 1 called the captains forward”和常识可知，在六点，裁判员把队长们叫上前，故B项正确。]‎ ‎2.A.waved B.raised C.threw D.blew 答案　D　[根据语境可知，裁判员吹响了哨子，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3.A.gathered B.practiced C.celebrated D.wandered 答案　A　[根据语境可知，两支球队分别集合；A项意为“集合”，故A项正确；B项意为“练习”；C项意为“庆祝，庆贺”；D项意为“徘徊”。]‎ ‎4.A.inspired B.embarrassed C.shocked D.delighted 答案　C　[根据后一句中的“ten inches taller than our players”可知，对方球队的成员平均(on average)比“我”孙子所在的球队的成员高出 10 英寸；由此可知，“我”感到很震惊；C项意为“震惊”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎5.A.in total B.on average C.at length D.for example 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎6.A.speed B.strength C.age D.size 答案　D　[根据上文可知，对方球队队员的身高远高于“我”孙子所在的球队队员的身高；结合该句“It didn’t take long for their 6 advantage to show”可知，没过多久，他们的(身高)尺寸优势就显现出来了。D项意为“尺寸”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎7.A.often B.soon C.regularly D.rarely 答案　B　[根据语境可推知，很快，对方就以7∶0 领先；B项意为“很快”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎8.A.saw B.lost C.expected D.wasted 答案　A　[根据后一句“In the second half，they used Josh more often”可知，在下半场(比赛)，他们更多地让Josh上场；据此可推知，在上半场Josh 的比赛时间很少。see“经历”符合语境。]‎ ‎9.A.break B.search C.charge D.debate 答案　C　[根据下文中的“Their quarterback threw the ball...the goal”可知，他们开始投球，接球者拿到了球并朝球门进球；据此可知，对方球队再一次开始了冲锋；charge意为“冲锋”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎10.A.let in B.fought for C.went in D.headed for 答案　D　[参加上题解析。head for意为“朝……进发”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎11.A.way B.position C.sight D.mind 答案　A　[根据语境可知，只有一个人挡住了他的路—Josh。in sb’s way 为固定搭配，意为“妨碍，挡着……路”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎12.A.made room for B.looked up at C.took hold of D.kept away from 答案　C　根据该句“Josh dove and 12 that boy’s legs with all his strength”可知，Josh 扑过去，用尽全身力气抓住那个男孩的腿。take hold of 意为“抓住”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎13.A.accidentally B.finally C.deliberately D.gradually 答案　B　[根据该句“The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and 13 fell down”可知，接球者拖着Josh走了几码，最终摔倒了。B项意为“终于”，故B项正确；A项意为“意外地”；C项意为“故意”；D项意为“逐渐地”。]‎ ‎14.A.saved B.gained C.tried D.kicked 答案　A　[根据语境可知，Josh撞倒了他，又一次救了球；A项意为“挽救”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎15.A.turn B.honor C.fault D.option 答案　C　[根据上文可知，Josh挽救了几个球；结合该句“They scored on the last play，but it wasn’t Josh’s 15 ”可知，虽然对方得了分，但不是Josh的过错，故C项正确。]‎ ‎16.A.trick B.scold C.praise D.comfort 答案　D　[根据语境可知，Josh所在的球队失败了；由此可推知，在回家的路上，“我”想要安慰他；D项意为“安慰”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎17.A.sad B.wide C.bitter D.polite 答案　B　[根据下文中的“I know，but I did well”可知，尽管最终失败了，但Josh认为自己在球场上做得很好；结合该句中的“smile”可知，他朝“我”咧嘴一笑，故B项符合语境。]‎ ‎18.A.great B.close C.silly D.vital 答案　A　[根据语境并结合上题解析可推知，Josh告诉“我”‎ ‎，那场比赛很棒，故A项正确。]‎ ‎19.A.team B.play ‎ C.game D.field 答案　C　[根据上文中的“game”，并结合Josh对这场球赛的评价可知，他对这场球赛的理解比“我”好；C项意为“比赛”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎20.A.seriously B.fortunately C.specifically D.importantly 答案　D　[根据语境可知，此处表示“更重要的是，他为自己而自豪”；D项意为“重要的是”，故D项正确。]‎ C Earlier that evening，my mother called，telling me that my brother died in a car crash.I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) around the house 1 what to put into the suitcases.My husband，Larry，and I had been 2 for moving to New Mexico.The house was in(a) total 3 .‎ I tried to hold my tears.I 4 picked things up and put them down.I couldn’t 5 .What I’d heard on the phone echoed through my head.‎ Larry phoned a few friends. 6 ，someone asked to speak to me.“If there is anything I can do，let me know.”“Thank you，”I replied.I didn’t know what to 7 .‎ The doorbell rang and I rose slowly for the 8 .It was Donna.‎ ‎“I’ve come to 9 your shoes，”she said. 10 ，I asked her to repeat.“When my father died，it took me 11 to get the shoes cleaned and 12 for my father’s 13 ，”she said.I hadn’t even thought about shoes.‎ Shoes were gathered.Donna 14 herself on the floor and got to work.The love in the act 15 my tears.Watching her 16 on one task helped me pull my 17 into order.Laundry first，I told myself.One by one，the jobs fell into place.‎ Now whenever I hear of an acquaintance’s 18 of a loved one，I think of one 19 task that suits that person’s 20 .If the person asks，“How did you know I needed that？”I’d reply，“Because someone did that.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本 文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在失去亲人后心理状态很不好，受到别人的帮助恢复正常之后，她也以同样的方式帮助失去亲人的熟人。‎ ‎1.A.forgetting B.imagining C.wondering D.searching 答案　C　[根据空前的“I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I tried to hold my tears”以及文章开头第一句话可推知，作者听到亲人去世的噩耗时，有些不知所措，虽然是在收拾行李，却不知道该把什么放进手提箱里。wonder“感到疑惑，想知道”。]‎ ‎2.A.hoping B.packing C.leaving D.planning 答案　B　[根据本句中的“for moving to New Mexico”可推知，作者为搬家到新墨西哥州而打包 (packing)。]‎ ‎3.A.damage B.failure C.despair D.mess 答案　D　[根据上文可知，作者和丈夫一直在为搬家而收拾行李，由此可推知，当时作者的家里应该是很杂乱(mess)。]‎ ‎4.A.aimlessly B.helplessly C.quickly D.decisively 答案　A　[根据上句“I tried to hold my tears”和本句中的“picked things up and put them down”可推知，作者因为听到弟弟去世的噩耗而悲伤不已，乱了方寸。aimlessly“无目的地，无计划的”符合语境。]‎ ‎5.A.hurry B.decide C.focus D.move 答案　C　[根据语境可知，作者当时的心理状态非常不好，不能集中精力做事情。focus“集中(注意力、精力等)于”符合语境。]‎ ‎6.A.Constantly B.Luckily C.Suddenly D.Happily 答案　A　[根据上句“Larry phoned a few friends”可推知，作者的丈夫将作者失去弟弟的事情告诉了一些朋友，他们接着就不断地(Constantly)打电话说愿意提供帮助。]‎ ‎7.A.call for B.ask for C.talk about D.get across 答案　B　[根据语境可知，作者当时并不知道需要朋友们提供什么样的帮助。call for“呼吁”；ask for“要求，请求”；talk about“谈论”；get across“解释清楚”。]‎ ‎8.A.telephone B.noise C.person D.door 答案　D　[根据本句中的“The doorbell rang”可知，作者站起来去应门(door)。]‎ ‎9.A.borrow B.remove C.clean D.repair 答案　C　[根据下文中的“to get the shoes cleaned”可推知，Donna是来帮作者清理(clean)鞋的。]‎ ‎10.A.Touched B.Shocked C.Confused D.Amused 答案　C　[根据本句中的“I asked her to repeat”可推知，作者当时对Donna说的话感到困惑(Confused)。touched“受感动的”；shocked“震惊的”；amused“逗乐的”。]‎ ‎11.A.minutes B.hours C.weeks D.decades 答案　B　[根据本句中的“When my father died”和“to get the shoes cleaned and 12 for my father’s 13 ”可推知，Donna应是说她为了参加父亲的葬礼(funeral)去清理鞋子并把它们擦亮(shined)。]‎ ‎12.A.washed B.coped C.selected D.shined 答案　D　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎13.A.satisfaction B.funeral C.smiles D.wishes 答案　B　[见第11题解析。]‎ ‎14.A.laid B.stood C.rested D.settled 答案　D　[根据上句“Shoes were gathered”‎ 和语境可推知，当鞋被聚集到一起之后，Donna在地板上找到舒适的位置(settled)开始清理鞋。]‎ ‎15.A.released B.held C.stopped D.caused 答案　A　[根据上文中的“I tried to hold my tears”和语境可知，Donna用行动所展示的关爱让作者感动得流泪。release“释放”。]‎ ‎16.A.keeping B.concentrating C.insisting D.depending 答案　B　[根据上文“Donna 14 herself on the floor and got to work”可知，当时Donna在专心地清理鞋。keep on“继续，反复做”；concentrate on“集中(注意力)于”；insist on“坚持”；depend on “依靠”。]‎ ‎17.A.thoughts B.rooms C.sadness D.luggage 答案　A　[根据上文可知，作者当时因为亲人的突然离世而乱了方寸，而看到Donna专心地帮她清理鞋让她的思想(thoughts)恢复到了有序状态。]‎ ‎18.A.feeling B.meeting C.loss D.story 答案　C　[由上文提到作者的弟弟突然离世可知，此处表示每当“我”听说熟人的亲人去世(loss)。]‎ ‎19.A.specific B.normal C.strange D.perfect 答案　A　[根据上文中的“Watching her 16 on one task”可知，“我”会想一件能满足那个失去亲人的熟人需要(need)的具体的(specific)工作。]‎ ‎20.A.idea B.personality C.identity D.need 答案　D　[解析见上题。]‎ 夹叙夹议文专练 A ‎(2019·武汉四月调研)When I was a kid，my parents sent me to a summer camp in ‎ New Hampshire.At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming，sports and archery(射箭)，but for me，the most memorable 1 was an overnight trip of mountain climbing.If you’ve ever 2 a mountain，you know it’s a physical challenge， 3 when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back.When campers got 4 ，they certainly started complaining.‎ ‎“How much farther is it？”‎ ‎“I can’t go any further.”‎ ‎“My 5 is too heavy.Can you carry it for me？”‎ The reply of the 6 was，“Suck it up(忍气吞声)”.The truth is that the complaining campers were 7 near the point of 8 .If they had been，the teachers would have noticed the 9 and given them care.The kids simply weren’t used to the physical challenge.Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy they 10 the discomfort，and in most cases 11 having a great time.In my camp days，I don’t 12 a single camper complaining at the 13 of the mountain.‎ There are two ways to deal with an 14 situation.You can complain，or you can make the best of it.If you complain，you might feel like you’re getting that 15 energy out，but you’re probably not going to cause a positive change.It’s much more likely that your complaining will cause the 16 of those around you.No one likes a complainer.They’re 17 and they hurt the group.Complaining makes life 18 for everyone.Instead，if you determine to master your own 19 ，to move past it and focus on a 20 ，it’s my experience that you’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，期间和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。‎ ‎1.A.experience B.behaviour C.occasion D.situation 答案　A　[根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。]‎ ‎2.A.seen B.reached C.climbed D.described 答案　C　[根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。]‎ ‎3.A.especially B.normally C.obviously D.naturally 答案　A　[根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其(especially)是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。]‎ ‎4.A.ashamed B.tired C.puzzled D.shocked 答案　B　[根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。]‎ ‎5.A.food B.water C.shelter D.backpack 答案　D　[根据上文中的“when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。]‎ ‎6.A.parents B.teachers C.guides D.partners 答案　B　[根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed...care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。]‎ ‎7.A.somewhere B.anywhere C.nowhere D.everywhere 答案　C　[根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。nowhere near意为“远没有”，故选 C。]‎ ‎8.A.camp B.exhaustion C.mountain D.destination 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎9.A.signs B.activities C.gestures D.scenes 答案　A　[根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”‎ ‎；D项意为“场面”。]‎ ‎10.A.shared B.understood C.suffered D.overcame 答案　D　[根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。]‎ ‎11.A.couldn’t help B.ended up C.insisted on D.gave up 答案　B　[解析见上题。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。]‎ ‎12.A.recall B.forget ‎ C.disturb D.forgive 答案　A　[根据上文中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。A项意为“回忆起”；B项意为“忘记”；C项意为“打扰”；D项意为“原谅”。]‎ ‎13.A.foot B.top ‎ C.back D.base 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎14.A.unbelievable B.unexpected C.unusual D.unpleasant 答案　D　[根据下文中的“complain”“make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。]‎ ‎15.A.great B.spare ‎ C.negative D.potential 答案　C　[根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。]‎ ‎16.A.dislike B.respect C.sympathy D.enthusiasm 答案　A　[根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer”‎ 可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。]‎ ‎17.A.amazing B.shocking C.worrying D.annoying 答案　D　[根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。]‎ ‎18.A.poorer B.harder ‎ C.easier D.better 答案　B　[根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难，故选 B。]‎ ‎19.A.life B.mind C.suffering D.mistake 答案　C　[根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。故选C。]‎ ‎20.A.trip B.plan ‎ C.solution D.dream 答案　C　[解析见上题。]‎ B ‎(2019·洛阳高三第二次统考)‎ At my daughter’s presentation ceremony，the principal reminded the kids of that now-familiar truth：they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes.As I lay in bed that evening，another truth 1 me that it is not just different careers that 2 each child.‎ I 3 my own life and how much it has 4 .Five years ago，I was in an unhappy marriage，living in a house that I felt wasn’t mine.I felt 5 most of the time and not 6 my own future.Now，I live in my own beautiful apartment.My family life is peaceful，filled with 7 .My life is barely 8 .I created a whole new reality.‎ I have always 9 that great change is possible.I am the great-grandchild of the ‎ immigrants who left their countries with few 10 .From the shtetls(犹太人小村庄) of Russia and Poland，they created their own communities.‎ My parents moved to a 11 city with two small children and started a life different from that in their hometown.And my late grandmother lived two completely different lives. 12 she was a widow at 42 after my grandfather died suddenly，she 13 her daughters alone，cared for her elderly mother and 14 travelled out of her hometown.At 68，after being single for 26 years，she 15 us all by falling in love and remarrying.She and her husband，Harry，socialized 16 ，and travelled around the country.‎ Life is full of 17 .We assume that our lives are linear (直线的)，leading us from birth to death into a straight 18 .But they can change and have sharp 19 .They can double back and leap forward and begin another 20 altogether.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中借助自己及自己亲人的生活经历表达了人生充满可能性的观点。‎ ‎1.A.hit B.promised C.attacked D.suggested 答案　A　[根据上下文可知，作者突然意识到了另一条真理。hit “使突然意识到”符合语境。promise“承诺”；attack“袭击，攻击”；suggest“建议，表明”。]‎ ‎2.A.hold back B.appeal to C.wait for D.call on 答案　C　[根据上文中的“the principal reminded...careers in their lifetimes”可知，此处表示作者突然意识到并不仅仅是不同的事业在等待着每个孩子。wait for“等待”符合语境。]‎ ‎3.A.sought for B.tried out C.took over D.reflected on 答案　D　[根据下文的内容可知，作者认真思考了自己的生活。reflect on “认真思考”符合语境。seek for “寻找”；try out “试验，试用”；take over“接管，接手”。]‎ ‎4.A.transformed B.improved C.abused D.succeeded 答案　A　[根据下文作者所说的自己的生活前后的巨大变化可知，作者思考的是自己的生活发生了多大的变化。transform“改变”符合语境。improve“改善”；abuse “滥用”；succeed “成功”。]‎ ‎5.A.terrified B.anxious C.curious D.ashamed 答案　B　[根据上文中的“Five years ago，I was in an unhappy marriage，living in a house that I felt wasn’t mine”可知，作者大多数时候感到焦虑，并觉得无法掌管自己的未来。anxious“忧虑的，焦虑的”符合语境。]‎ ‎6.A.in control of B.in defence of ‎ C.in honor of D.in place of ‎ 答案　A　[解析见上题。in control of “掌管，控制”符合语境。in defence of “保卫”；in honor of“为向……表示敬意”；in place of “代替，取代”。]‎ ‎7.A.noise B.devotion C.admiration D.laughter 答案　D　[根据上文中的“Now，I live in my own beautiful apartment.My family life is peaceful”可知，作者现在住在自己漂亮的公寓中，家庭生活平静安宁，充满了欢笑。laughter“笑，笑声”符合语境。devotion “奉献，忠诚”；admiration“钦佩，赞赏”。]‎ ‎8.A.bearable B.recognizable C.suitable D.acceptable 答案　B　[根据上文提及的作者前后生活的对比以及下文的“I created a whole new reality”可知，作者创造了一个全新的现实生活，故可推知作者现在的生活(和以前的相比变化巨大)很难被认出来。recognizable“容易认出的，易于识别的”符合语境。]‎ ‎9.A.imagined B.doubted C.believed D.remembered 答案　C　[根据语境可知，作者一直都相信巨大的变化是可能发生的。believe“相信”符合语境。imagine“想象”；doubt“怀疑”；remember“想起，记起”。]‎ ‎10.A.contacts B.belongings C.expectations D.devices 答案　B　[根据上文可知，此处指携带很少的财物离开他们自己的国家。belongings“财物，财产”符合语境。contact“联系，接触”；expectation“期望”；device“装置”。]‎ ‎11.A.poor B.remote ‎ C.strange D.wealthy 答案　C　[根据下文中的“started a life different from that in their hometown”可知，作者的父母搬去了一个陌生的城市。strange“陌生的”符合语境。remote“遥远的，偏僻的”。]‎ ‎12.A.Since B.Until C.When D.Although 答案　A　[根据下文中的“she was a widow at 43 after my grandfather died suddenly，she 13 her daughters alone”可知，由于作者已逝的外祖母是一个寡妇，所以她(生前)独自抚养自己的女儿们。Since“因为，由于”在此处引导原因状语从句。]‎ ‎13.A.educated B.raised C.accompanied D.comforted 答案　B　[解析见上题。raise“抚养”符合语境。educate“教育”；accompany“陪同，伴随”；comfort“安慰”。]‎ ‎14.A.nearly B.frequently C.smoothly D.rarely 答案　D　[根据上文中的“she 13 her daughters alone，cared for her elderly mother”可知，作者的外祖母(生前)要独自抚养自己的女儿们，照顾自己年老的母亲，所以她很少去她家乡之外的地方旅行。rarely“很少，不常”符合语境。nearly“几乎”；frequently“频繁地，经常”；smoothly“顺利地”。]‎ ‎15.A.amused B.annoyed C.satisfied D.surprised 答案　D　[根据上文的内容，尤其是“she was a widow at 42 after my grandfather died suddenly”“At 68，after being single for 26 years”和下文中的“falling in love and remarrying”‎ 可知，作者的外祖母(生前)在成了寡妇26年后，于68岁时坠入爱河并再婚，这应该是让作者他们感到吃惊的。surprise“使惊奇，使感到意外”符合语境。amuse“逗笑，(使)娱乐”；annoy“使生气，使恼怒”；satisfy“使满意”。]‎ ‎16.A.endlessly B.casually C.punctually D.accidentally 答案　A　[根据下文中的“and travelled around the country”可知，作者的外祖母(生前)和自己的丈夫Harry 周游全国，不断地参加社交活动。endlessly“不断地，无休止地”符合语境。casually“随意地”；punctually“守时地”；accidentally“意外地”。]‎ ‎17.A.challenges B.possibilities C.hardships D.hopes 答案　B　[根据上文作者所举的例子可知，生活是充满可能性的。possibility“可能，可能性”符合语境。challenge“挑战”；hardship“艰苦，贫困”。]‎ ‎18.A.pattern B.shape ‎ C.path D.queue 答案　C　[根据上文中的“We assume that our lives are linear(直线的)，leading us from birth to death into a straight”可知，我们认为自己的生活是条直线，就是自生至死的一条笔直的路。path“路”符合语境。pattern“图案，模式”。]‎ ‎19.A.tendencies B.directions C.increases D.twists 答案　D　[根据上文中的“We assume that our lives are linear(直线的)，leading us from birth to death into a straight 18 .But they can change and have sharp 19 ”和下文中的“They can double back and leap forward”可知，我们的生活并不是直线，而是会变化并出现急转弯的。twist“(河流或道路的)曲折处，急转弯处”符合语境。tendency“倾向，趋势”；direction“方向”。]‎ ‎20.A.marriage B.relationship C.story D.plan 答案　C　[根据语境可知，生活会沿原路返回，向前跳跃并开始另一个故事。story“故事”符合语境。marriage“婚姻”；relationship“关系”。]‎ C ‎(2019·许昌第一次检测)As a young child，I was painfully shy.I’d watch other children at 1 in the park，wishing I could join their ranks for a 2 of tag，hide-and-seek，or jump rope，but I was too 3 to approach them. 4 ，my mother would come to the rescue.She’d get up from the bench where she was sitting with the other moms， 5 my hand，and ask the other kids if I could play too.The answer was 6 yes(I’m sure the other children didn’t want to get in trouble with their own moms)，and then I’d be all set for the rest of the afternoon...until the pattern 7 itself the next day.‎ I became 8 awkward and more outgoing as I grow up，thankfully—though I never 9 what you’d call a social butterfly.Today，I feel 10 giving public lectures in large halls，and having 11 in small groups，but I still tend to avoid situations in which I’m expected to‘mingle’(使混合)with a roomful of 12 (I’m working on it).‎ The reasons for my aversion(厌恶)could be various.For one，I might be 13 some residual (残留的) childhood fear of rejection.But beyond that possibility，one 14 element is that I 15 to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them.‎ As some authors 16 ，conversations are a great 17 of happiness in our lives，but they could bring us even greater joy if we only 18 that others like us more than we know，which is a good thing to keep in mind as you 19 the awe-inspiring room of strangers at your next cocktail party，mix and mingle reception，or company 20 hour.I know I’ll try to.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述自己从一个害羞的孩子转变成一个能够和他人自在沟通甚至进行演讲的人的变化，启迪我们：对他人敞开胸怀，不再害羞会更开心。‎ ‎1.A.work B.play ‎ C.study D.lunch 答案　B　[根据下文“tag，hide-and-seek，or jump rope”可推知，作者在公园里看其他小朋友玩各种游戏，与下文“and ask the other kids if I could play too”呼应。]‎ ‎2.A.party B.course C.presentation D.game 答案　D　[根据下文中的“tag，hide-and-seek，or jump rope”可知，这是孩子们所玩的游戏。]‎ ‎3.A.scared B.thrilled C.ashamed D.shocked 答案　A　[根据下文中的“some residual(残留的) childhood fear of rejection”可知，此处表示作者太害怕(scared)了而不敢靠近他们。thrilled“极为激动，非常兴奋”。]‎ ‎4.A.Accidentally B.Temporarily C.Eventually D.Absolutely 答案　C　[根据语境可推知，作者不敢参与小伙伴们的游戏，最终(Eventually) 母亲会帮其脱离窘境，故选C。temporarily“暂时地”。]‎ ‎5.A.take B.keep ‎ C.pick D.push 答案　A 　[此处表示母亲站起来，走过来拉起作者的手，征求其他小朋友的意见。]‎ ‎6.A.yet B.simply ‎ C.always D.already 答案　C　[根据上文的内容可知，作者的母亲会帮其脱离窘境，询问其他小朋友的意见，此处表示得到的答案总是(always)肯定的。]‎ ‎7.A.considered B.found C.concerned D.repeated 答案　D　[根据上文“my mother would come to the rescue”及下文“the next day”可推知，此处表示作者在陈述过去经常发生的事情，即：第二天模式依旧，作者依然要依赖母亲才能参与小伙伴们的活动或游戏。]‎ ‎8.A.worse B.less ‎ C.quite D.rather 答案　B　[由空处与下文“more outgoing”呼应可推知，作者不再那么害羞和尴尬了。]‎ ‎9.A.turned into B.put forward C.jumped at D.pointed out 答案　A　[尽管作者已经不再害羞，但是也没有变成(turned into)社交能手。]‎ ‎10.A.attractive B.popular C.serious D.comments 答案　D　[根据该句中的“but”可知，句子前后表示转折，此处表示尽管作者在大厅中做演讲感觉很放松，但仍然会避免一些场合，故选D。]‎ ‎11.A.compositions B.conversations C.essays D.comments 答案　B　[由空处与下文“conversations are a great 17 of happiness in our lives”呼应可知，作者乐于进行小组谈话。]‎ ‎12.A.passengers B.customers C.strangers D.authors 答案　C　[由空处与下文“the awe-inspiring room of strangers at your next cocktail party”呼应可知，此处表示一屋子的陌生人。]‎ ‎13.A.leading B.carrying C.describing D.evaluating 答案　B　[根据语境可推知，作者分析原因，认为可能是自己还带有一些童年残留的恐惧。carry“携带”符合语境。]‎ ‎14.A.likely B.real ‎ C.full D.complete 答案　A　[根据上文“beyond that possibility”可推知，此处作者分析了另外一种可能性，故选A。]‎ ‎15.A.like B.happen ‎ C.refuse D.tend 答案　D　[由空处与上文“but I still tend to avoid situations”呼应可推知，此处表示作者趋于低估别人对自己的喜欢程度，故选D。]‎ ‎16.A.arrange B.demand ‎ C.state D.discuss 答案　C　[此处表示正如一些作家陈述(state)的那样。]‎ ‎17.A.level B.reward ‎ C.intention D.source 答案　D　[根据下文“but they could bring us even greater joy”可推知，谈话是人们生活中快乐的来源。source“来源”。]‎ ‎18.A.observe B.realize ‎ C.consult D.control 答案　B　[根据上文作者趋于低估别人对自己的喜欢程度可推知，如果我们意识到(realize)别人比我们知道的更喜欢我们，我们就会更快乐，故选B。]‎ ‎19.A.discover B.recognize C.survey D.acquaint 答案　C　[根据语境可知，此处表示审视一屋子令人惊奇的陌生人，故选C。]‎ ‎20.A.happy B.last C.proud D.individual 答案　A　[根据上文“cocktail party，mix and mingle reception”可推知，此处表示公司的快乐时光，故选A。individual“个人的”。]‎ A ‎(2019·太原一模)My father was born in a small town in the US.He wasn’t sure what he wanted from 1 ，but something told him to 2 and begin a new adventure.‎ He began that adventure traveling to cities in the US before going on to Australia，New Zealand and the Philippines.He took my mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road 3 him.‎ It’s easy to feel 4 when you’re on the road.We made lots of new friends on our trip—most of them are mechanics，since we often 5 hours in repair shops.But that was a way much 6 than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to 7 when it was 40℃ outside.‎ Getting along well sometimes seemed 8 .There were always a lot of 9 ，especially among us back seat passengers about who had to 10 in the middle.But even if it was hard，we learned a lot about 11 .When we were traveling in the Philippines，we drove to Quezon City one day.It should have been an hour’s drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and 12 traffic.“Did you put our suitcases in the ‎ car？”my father asked my mother as we arrived there.From the back seat，we saw her 13 turn toward my father.“No，” she said，“I thought you did.” That was how a seven-hour car trip turned into a 16-hour one，which was mostly spent in 14 .‎ On occasions like that，we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were 15 in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the 16 .Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and 17 one of my sisters out，I kept my feelings to myself.‎ This is why road trips were like 18 universities to us.We 19 our PhDs(博士学位)in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.‎ If we were 20 given a second chance at life，we would do it all over again.Only this time would I put the suitcases in the car myself.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候“我”随父亲和母亲以及我的姐妹开车旅行，在此过程中，我们学会了忍让以及和别人相处。这个颠簸的旅程是一所移动的大学，让“我”受益匪浅。‎ ‎1.A.move B.life C.experience D.belief 答案　B　[根据上文可知，“我”的父亲出生在美国的一个小镇上；结合该句中的“He wasn’t sure what he wanted”以及下文叙述的他带着全家开车旅行可推知，那时他不确定想从生活中要些什么，故B项正确。]‎ ‎2.A.live up B.struggle on C.get out D.walk around 答案　C　[根据该句中的“begin a new adventure”可推知，他得到启示，要他走出去，去开启新的冒险经历。C项意为“离开，从……出来”，故C项正确；B项意为“勉力维持”。]‎ ‎3.A.took B.drove C.served D.controlled 答案　A　[根据该句中的“wherever the road”并结合语境可知，他带着妈妈和我们这三个女儿，沿路旅行。A项表示“带去，引领”，符合语境，故A项正确。]‎ ‎4.A.anxious B.upset C.helpless D.lonely 答案　D　[根据该句中的“when you’re on the road”和下文介绍的沿路交朋友可推知，当在路上时，很容易感到孤独(lonely)。]‎ ‎5.A.wasted B.worked C.spent D.chatted 答案　C　[根据语境可知，由于我们经常花费几个小时在修理店，所以我们交的朋友大部分是修理工。]‎ ‎6.A.better B.easier C.safer D.cleverer 答案　A 　[由于外面的温度达到40摄氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在马路边等候好得多。]‎ ‎7.A.break down B.cool off C.clear up D.turn over 答案　B　[根据该句中的“when it was 40 ℃ outside”可知，外面气温高达40摄氏度；据此可推知，该处指等待发动机冷却下来；B项意为“使冷却下来”，故B项正确。A项意为“出故障”，C项意为“清理”，D项意为“翻转”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎8.A.available B.alternative C.necessary D.impossible 答案　D　[根据下文中的“it was hard”并结合语境可知，友好相处有时似乎是不可能的(impossible)。]‎ ‎9.A.arguments B.fights C.embarrassments D.amusements 答案　A　[根据空后的“especially among us...in the middle”可知，我们之间总是有很多争吵，尤其是关于后座的我们谁坐(sit)在中间时。]‎ ‎10.A.settle B.rest ‎ C.sit D.watch 答案　C　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎11.A.sharing B.respect C.communication D.tolerance 答案　D　[根据该句中的“But”表达的语境可知，尽管这很难解决，但是我们学会了忍耐(tolerance)。]‎ ‎12.A.light B.heavy ‎ C.local D.fast 答案　B　[根据该句中的“It should have been an hour’s drive but was nearly three”可知，本可以在一小时就完成的路程，我们却花了三个小时；据此可推知，这里路道较差，交通拥堵，故B项正确。]‎ ‎13.A.suddenly B.sensitively C.calmly D.slowly 答案　D　[根据语境可知，我们在后座看到母亲慢慢地转过头对父亲说：“没有，我还以为你放了”。]‎ ‎14.A.silence B.vain C.panic D.disappointment 答案　A　[根据上文可知，母亲忘记将手提箱放进车里；结合该句和下文中的“we had to learn to let go of our anger”可知，我们学会了控制自己的怒气，这个七小时的行程最终变成了十六小时的行程，我们大部分的时间都在沉默。]‎ ‎15.A.buried B.crazy C.stuck D.impatient 答案　C　[根据语境可知，在像上文提到的情况下，我们必须控制自己的怒气，因为我们和相同的人在接下来的旅程(journey)里一起被困在车里。be stuck in 为固定搭配，意为“被困在……”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎16.A.holiday B.journey C.exploration D.march 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎17.A.dragging B.pushing C.helping D.sending 答案　B　[根据该句中的“I kept my feelings to myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情绪；据此可推知，此处表示有时“我”想要打开车门将“我”的一个姐妹推出车外。B项意为“推”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎18.A.unusual B.common C.free D.mobile 答案　D　[根据该句中的“road trips”以及下文中的“We 19 our PhDs(博士学位)”可知，对于我们来说，公路旅行就如可移动的(mobile)大学。]‎ ‎19.A.earned B.expected C.missed D.valued 答案　A　[根据语境可知，就在这辆旧汽车里，我们获得了如何和他人相处的博士学位；A项意为“博得，赢得”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎20.A.somewhere B.anytime C.somehow D.anyway 答案　C　[根据语境可知，如果我们能以某种方式在人生中获得第二次机会的话，我们还是会去旅行。C项意为“以某种方式”，故C项正确。]‎ B ‎(2019·潍坊市统一考试)Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria，I looked around，slowly taking in everything.For the first time in my life，I 1 that I had been seeing without really seeing for the past two years.‎ Student after student passed my 2 carrying that day’s lunch，but if you looked deeper，there was more to 3 .There was more than just the uniform they were wearing，or the way they had styled their 4 that day.There was a lot more hidden under the 5 .‎ Catching the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table，I 6 politely.She smiled 7 and then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her.If I hadn’t 8 recently that her mother was dying of leukemia，I would have never 9 anything was wrong and I may not have been as 10 and sympathetic，either.It suddenly 11 me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story.I realized that everyone may have something 12 they are facing in their lives.‎ I have an incurable lung disease.No one at our school knows—I don’t show any noticeable 13 except for a few coughs here and there.I go about my day like any other kid， 14 with the realization that I have a 15 and terrifying future.‎ Before that day when I decided to 16 the world with a new perspective，I 17 myself almost every day.I thought only about myself and my heavy 18 .But I’ve ‎ now realized that I am not the only one 19 ：everyone has their own mountain to face.No one is 20 —we just need to accept the way we are.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者观察生活而进行反思的故事，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。‎ ‎1.A.promised B.realized C.pretended D.joked 答案　B　[根据上文中的“I looked around，slowly taking in everything”及“For the first time in my life”可推知，作者意识到(realized)了些什么，故选B。下文中的“realized”也是提示。]‎ ‎2.A.order B.room C.table D.cafeteria 答案　C　[与上文“Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria”呼应可知，此处指的是学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌(table)。]‎ ‎3.A.observe B.imagine C.compare D.exchange 答案　A　[与上文中的“but if you looked deeper”呼应可推知，此处表示作者认为有更多有待观察(observe)的东西。]‎ ‎4.A.diet B.clothing C.bicycle D.hair 答案　D　[根据上文中的“the uniform they were wearing，or the way they had styled their...”可推知，此处表示学生们的发型。]‎ ‎5.A.surface B.uniform C.rules D.circumstances 答案　A　[根据常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是外在的东西，且空处与下文中的“we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story”呼应。]‎ ‎6.A.said B.moved ‎ C.waved D.bowed 答案　C　[根据下文中的“She smiled”可推知，作者给一个女孩打了招呼，对方以微笑回应。]‎ ‎7.A.casually B.weakly C.happily D.impatiently 答案　B　[与下文“her mother was dying of leukemia”呼应可推知，女孩因为母亲病重而勉强地(weakly)对作者笑了笑。]‎ ‎8.A.found B.noticed ‎ C.heard D.decided 答案　C　[根据语境可推知，作者听说(heard)了这个女孩家里的不幸。]‎ ‎9.A.suspected B.remembered C.predicted D.regretted 答案　A　[根据语境可推知，作者本不会觉得(suspected)有什么不正常的。]‎ ‎10.A.outstanding B.willing C.demanding D.understanding 答案　D　[与下文中的“sympathetic”呼应可推知，作者对对方表示理解(understanding)和同情。]‎ ‎11.A.escaped B.satisfied C.hit D.attracted 答案　C　[根据语境可知，此处表示作者突然意识到，我们在不知道整个故事的情况下迅速对其他人作出评价，故选C。hit意为“使突然意识到”。]‎ ‎12.A.extra B.valuable ‎ C.common D.tough 答案　D　[根据语境可推知，每个人都可能会面临困境。]‎ ‎13.A.symptoms B.diseases C.complaints D.weaknesses 答案　A　[根据语境及下文中的“except for a few coughs”可推知，此处指的是一些不为人注意的症状(symptoms)。]‎ ‎14.A.and B.but ‎ C.or D.so 答案　B　[根据语境可推知，前后两句是逻辑上的转折关系，故选B。]‎ ‎15.A.bright B.dark ‎ C.real D.serious 答案　B　[与语境中的“terrifying”呼应可推知，此处表示因为难以治愈的疾病，作者的前途变得黑暗(dark)。]‎ ‎16.A.change B.create ‎ C.view D.tolerate 答案　C　[根据上文中的“looked around”和“looked deeper”可推知，作者一直在观察生活，而在那天之后作者以一种新角度看待(view)世界。]‎ ‎17.A.pitied B.forgave C.challenged D.encouraged 答案　A　[根据语境及下文中的“I thought only about myself and my heavy 18 ”可推知，作者曾经因为自己的病而怜悯自己。]‎ ‎18.A.debt B.reward ‎ C.burden D.workload 答案　C　[根据语境及空前的“heavy”可推知，不可治愈的病是作者沉重的负担(burden)。]‎ ‎19.A.blessed B.favored C.laughing D.suffering 答案　D　[根据下文中的“everyone has their own mountain to face”可推知，人们都有要经历的苦难。]‎ ‎20.A.changeable B.perfect C.unique D.different 答案　B　[根据语境可推知，每个人都不完美，都有自己要应对的困境，我们只是需要接受自己原本的样子。]‎ C ‎(2019·贵阳高三适应性考试)‎ In a remote village，selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers.In late autumn，the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were 1 from the branches of the trees，which 2 with the wind attracting local villagers to 3 them at this time of year.‎ The villagers took the chestnuts，carried them home and 4 them out.The whole ‎ family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their 5 ，and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail.Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price，what really 6 was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first.Many families，which were short of 7 ，would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high 8 .‎ Still，to many people’s 9 ，there was a young man in the village who could never need help， 10 he had limited hands.He lived with his blind and old mother.He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones 11 he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck 12 .‎ The secret of the young man was：after picking chestnuts，he put them 13 into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck.When he set out，he chose the road， 14 and bumpy(不平的)，to go， 15 the small ones would jump to the 16 of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag.It would save time for classification and selection.When inquired how he found the way，the young man 17 ：“If you put your heart into it，you will find the right way.This is not an accident but a(n) 18 result.”‎ There will always be people who get 19 or complain when they hear bad news.As a matter of fact，if you use your head，you will be 20 to the people and things in the environment.When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step，you can also create a new world for yourself.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个 年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。‎ ‎1.A.holding B.filling C.planting D.hanging 答案　D　[根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。]‎ ‎2.A.fell B.shook ‎ C.jumped D.folded 答案　B　[根据空后的“with the wind”‎ 可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。]‎ ‎3.A.enjoy B.view ‎ C.seek D.pick 答案　D 　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎4.A.poured B.took C.thought D.figured 答案　A　[根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。]‎ ‎5.A.shape B.size ‎ C.taste D.color 答案　B　[根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the 16 of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。]‎ ‎6.A.mattered B.cared C.interested D.minded 答案　A　[根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。]‎ ‎7.A.hands B.power C.experience D.ways 答案　A　[根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选 A。]‎ ‎8.A.quality B.quantity C.money D.salary 答案　D　[解析见上题。quality“质量”；quantity“数量”。]‎ ‎9.A.puzzlement B.relief C.astonishment D.delight 答案　A　‎ ‎[根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。]‎ ‎10.A.only if B.as if C.even if D.if only 答案　C　[根据语境可知，即使(even if )人手有限，但这个年轻人从不需要帮助。]‎ ‎11.A.which B.where ‎ C.whom D.who 答案　B　[分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。]‎ ‎12.A.full B.filled ‎ C.empty D.loaded 答案　C　[根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。]‎ ‎13.A.suddenly B.shortly C.directly D.hurriedly 答案　C　[根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。]‎ ‎14.A.tough B.rough ‎ C.regular D.smooth 答案　B　[由设空处与其后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选 B。]‎ ‎15.A.even B.or ‎ C.but D.so 答案　D　[根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。]‎ ‎16.A.hole B.tip ‎ C.middle D.bottom 答案　D　[根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”‎ 可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。]‎ ‎17.A.sighed B.excited ‎ C.smiled D.sneezed 答案　C　[根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。]‎ ‎18.A.unexpected B.necessary C.accidental D.deliberate 答案　B　[根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非是意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。]‎ ‎19.A.stricken B.satisfied C.upset D.surprised 答案　C　[根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。]‎ ‎20.A.sensitive B.accessible C.relative D.flexible 答案　A　[根据上文年轻人的回答“‘If you put your heart into it，you will find the right way’”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。]‎ A ‎(2019·郑州质量预测)I received 3 missed calls from a number I didn’t recognize today.I 1 it was something to do with an accident I had recently.I was ready to answer 2 when the number called a 4th time. 3 ，I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had 4 anything.I said I didn’t think so and 5 who it was.‎ It was a man called Darren who 6 he was behind me in the shop this morning.As I was leaving，my purse 7 .He picked it up and 8 to see where I had gone but he couldn’t see me anymore.So he opened my purse and called the 9 inside it.‎ I have just been to 10 him to get my purse back，only to find out Darren is 11 ‎ ‎ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff.He even apologized as he said he had taken out some 12 to call me to return my purse.But 13 a few pounds used to contact me，everything was all still 14 .I admit that I wouldn’t have blamed him if he’d spent more of the 15 .‎ I felt 16 that someone returned it，and that the person who returned it was someone who had 17 .It made me 18 not only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone 19 ，but that I was going to a warm home.‎ The 20 would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们：只要人人都能够善良对待他人，我们的世界将会变成更加美好的人间。‎ ‎1.A.assumed B.promised C.declared D.agreed 答案　A　[根据语境可知，作者有三个来自同一号码的未接来电，作者认为(assumed)这和自己最近的一起事故有关。promise “许诺”；declare “宣布”；agree “同意”。]‎ ‎2.A.gently B.gratefully C.humorously D.eagerly 答案　D　[根据上文中的“I 1 it was something to do with an accident I had recently”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接这个电话。gently “温和地”；gratefully “感激地”；humorously “幽默地”。]‎ ‎3.A.Often B.Instead C.Still D.Besides 答案　B　[根据上文可知，作者认为那个电话和自己的一起事故有关，但是接通电话后才知道并非如此。此处前后表示转折，故Instead “相反”，符合语境。]‎ ‎4.A.explored B.bought C.lost D.checked 答案　C　[根据第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren捡到了作者的钱包，因此，他打电话问作者是否丢了(lost)什么东西。]‎ ‎5.A.forgot B.remembered C.suspected D.asked 答案　D　[根据语境可知，作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁，因此作者问(asked)对方是谁。forget “忘记”；remember “记得”；suspect “怀疑”。]‎ ‎6.A.explained B.requested C.repeated D.believed 答案　A　[根据语境可推知，Darren向作者解释(explained)了事情的经过。]‎ ‎7.A.broke B.failed C.dropped D.disappeared 答案　C　[根据语境可知，作者离开商店的时候钱包掉在(dropped)地上了。]‎ ‎8.A.walked away B.looked around C.turned up D.got through 答案　B　[根据语境并结合常识可推知，Darren环顾(looked around)四周寻找作者。]‎ ‎9.A.card B.address C.bill D.number 答案　D　[根据语境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打开作者的钱包，拨打了里面的号码(number)。]‎ ‎10.A.meet B.question C.beg D.remind 答案　A　[根据语境可知，通电话后，作者去见(meet) Darren以拿回自己的钱包。]‎ ‎11.A.hopeful B.helpful C.homeless D.speechless 答案　C　[根据本句中的“lives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可推知，Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。]‎ ‎12.A.pictures B.change C.tickets D.jewelry 答案　B　[根据上文可推知，Darren很穷，他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。]‎ ‎13.A.in spite of B.in terms of C.owing to D.apart from 答案　D　[根据语境及该句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系，其余的东西都没动。]‎ ‎14.A.untouched B.unlimited C.classified D.consumed 答案　A　[解析见上题。untouched “原封未动”符合语境。]‎ ‎15.A.time B.effort C.cash D.energy 答案　C　[作者承认，即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash)，作者也不会责怪他。]‎ ‎16.A.embarrassed B.surprised C.worried D.relaxed 答案　B　[作者的钱包丢了，有人捡到并归还给作者，而且这个人一无所有，这让作者感到惊讶(surprised)。]‎ ‎17.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing 答案　D　[解析见上题。nothing “没有什么”符合语境。]‎ ‎18.A.realize B.consider C.recall D.imagine 答案　A　[根据语境可知，这件事让作者意识到(realize)自己是幸运的，因为自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到，并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。]‎ ‎19.A.familiar B.polite C.honest D.wise 答案　C　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎20.A.shop B.world C.environment D.street 答案　B　[根据语境可知，如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人存在的话，这个世界(world)将会是一个更好的地方。]‎ B ‎(2019·太原市期末)My seven-year-old daughter always has her nose in a book.She ‎ even continued 1 in the car on the long drive to summer camp，where she lost the book.This is the first lost 2 book in my life.In my childhood，my parents had always expected me to be 3 ，but we were poor，and I didn’t 4 books.I had to borrow books.My library books lived on a 5 shelf while they were mine，and it 6 me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.‎ However，my daughter has 7 books now than I owned during my whole childhood.So it’s probably my 8 that she didn’t cherish the books.“Sorry，I can’t find it，”my daughter said with a shrug，“We just pay $20 for the book.What’s the big 9 ？”The missing library book just met with a cold 10 from her，but it met with nail-biting 11 from me.I walked into the library in a deep 12 as if I had lost the book.‎ Feeling the need to make her feel 13 for the book，I asked her to do the household chores.She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses 14 my paying the library book.I’d meant the chores to be 15 ！‎ Surprisingly，she was enjoying herself.I took a picture of her lovely back.So，did I win or lose at 16 ？Did I teach her the 17 of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working 18 ？‎ To my 19 ，my little girl knew what 20 in her life.She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述的是“我”教育女儿的经历：“我”在童年时期因为家庭经济状况不好但家人又期望“我”学业成绩优秀，所以对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜；“我”的女儿现在拥有很多书，但却对弄丢从图书馆借的书毫不在乎，这让“我”意识到有必要让她接受惩罚……‎ ‎1.A.driving B.thinking C.reading D.viewing 答案　C　[根据文章第一句“My seven-year-old daughter always has her nose in a book”可推知，“我”的女儿甚至在去夏令营的途中在车里继续看书(reading)。]‎ ‎2.A.school B.reference C.story D.library 答案　D　[根据下文中的“The missing library book”可知，此处是指“我”的女儿把从图书馆借的书弄丢了。]‎ ‎3.A.powerful B.practical C.academic D.employed 答案　C　[根据本句中的“but we were poor”和下文的“I had to borrow books”可推知，在“我”的童年时期，父母一直希望“我”能够学业成绩优秀。academic“学业(成绩)优秀的”符合语境。]‎ ‎4.A.write B.own ‎ C.order D.love 答案　B　[根据上文“we were poor ”可知，在童年时期，我们家很穷，所以“我”没有书。]‎ ‎5.A.wasted B.dusty C.present D.specific 答案　D　[根据语境可知，因为买不起书，只能从图书馆借，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜，把这些借的书放在特定的(specific)架子上。]‎ ‎6.A.pained B.companied C.abandoned D.lost 答案　A　[根据语境可知，当“我”不得不将借的书在到期日归还给图书馆的时候，“我”感到很苦恼。it pains sb to do sth“某人因不得不做某事而感到苦恼”为固定用法。]‎ ‎7.A.fewer B.better ‎ C.cheaper D.more 答案　D　[根据语境可知，“我”的女儿现在拥有的书比“我”整个童年时期拥有的都要多。]‎ ‎8.A.work B.reason ‎ C.fault D.duty 答案　C　[根据语境可推知，女儿拥有的书太多而不知道珍惜，这可能是“我”的过错(fault)。]‎ ‎9.A.worry B.question ‎ C.case D.deal 答案　D　[根据上文中的“my daughter said with a shrug，‘We just pay $ 20 for the book.What’s the big 9 ？’”可知，“我”的女儿认为弄丢一本从图书馆借来的书没有什么大不了。big deal“没什么大不了”是固定搭配。]‎ ‎10.A.shoulder B.power ‎ C.refusal D.excuse 答案　A　[根据上文内容可知，那本从图书馆借的丢失的书遭到了女儿的冷遇(女儿根本就没把这件事放在心上)。meet with a cold shoulder“遭受冷遇”符合语境。]‎ ‎11.A.impression B.effort C.effect D.concern 答案　D　[根据本句中的“but”可推知，与女儿的不在意相比，那本从图书馆借的书的丢失却令“我”焦虑不安。concern“忧虑，担心”符合语境。]‎ ‎12.A.respect B.thought C.shame D.shock 答案　C　[因为女儿把从图书馆借的书弄丢了，所以当“我”走进图书馆时，内心深感惭愧(shame)，好像这书本是“我”自己弄丢的。]‎ ‎13.A.eager B.responsible C.good D.suitable 答案　B　[根据语境可知，经过女儿弄丢从图书馆借来的书却对此不在乎这件事，“我”感到有必要让她意识到自己对弄丢这本书负有责任，所以“我”要求她做家务杂活。]‎ ‎14.A.in need of B.in trade for C.in terms of D.in favor of 答案　B　[她同意把所有的宠物房间都打扫干净，作为对“我”偿还那本丢失的书的交换条件。in trade for “作为对……的交换”符合语境。in need of“需要”；in terms of “就……而言”；in favor of“赞同，支持”。]‎ ‎15.A.punishment B.recovery C.encouragement D.promise 答案　A　[根据语境可知，“我”‎ 本来是要把做家务杂活当作对她的惩罚(punishment)。recovery“恢复”；encouragement“鼓励”；promise“承诺”。]‎ ‎16.A.studying B.parenting C.arguing D.fighting 答案　B　[“我”在为人父母方面是成功还是失败呢？此外parent用作动词，意为“做……的父亲(或母亲)”。]‎ ‎17.A.benefit B.method C.commitment D.demand 答案　C　[如果“我”拍的这张照片显示她正认真地(seriously)干活，那“我”让她明白了保存一本从图书馆借来的书的承诺吗？commitment“承诺，允诺承担”符合语境。benefit“好处，益处”；method“方法，办法”；demand“要求”。]‎ ‎18.A.seriously B.unwillingly C.professionally D.constantly 答案　A　[解析见上题。unwillingly“不乐意地，不情愿地”；professionally“专业地，职业地”；constantly“经常地，持续不断地”。]‎ ‎19.A.disappointment B.relief C.regret D.sorrow 答案　B　[根据下文“She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books”可推知，令“我”宽慰的是，“我”的女儿知道在她的人生中什么是重要的。to one’s relief 是固定搭配，意为“令某人安慰的是”，符合语境。]‎ ‎20.A.matters B.proves ‎ C.exists D.grows 答案　A　[解析见上题。此处matter是动词，意为“要紧，重要”。]‎ C A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on 1 management.As she raised a glass of water，everyone in the class 2 they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full”question. 3 ，that was not the case.With a smile on her face，she asked the students，“How much do you think this glass of water weighs？”‎ Answers called out 4 from eight to twenty ounces(盎司).‎ She quieted the students down and then replied，“The absolute weight doesn’t ‎ ‎5 .But it counts how long you hold it.If I hold it for a minute，it is OK.If I hold it for an hour，I will have an ache in my 6 .If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel numb.In each case，the 7 of the glass of water doesn’t change，but the 8 I hold it，the heavier it becomes.Why？”‎ Lost in 9 ，all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.‎ ‎“Our stresses and 10 in life are like that glass of water.If we 11 our burdens all the time，sooner or later，we will feel exhausted，even unable to 12 .”‎ ‎ 13 you have to do is put all your burdens down，as 14 in the evening as possible.Don’t carry them through the evening into the night；by doing this，we can get 15 next morning and are 16 to move forward.‎ More often than not，life gets terrible when we 17 too much.And the moment you 18 your burdens，you’ll find yourself feeling much more relaxed.‎ So rather than being upset and feeling 19 for yourself，start doing something about it.After all，life is too short to 20 yourself to anything that is not making you happy.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章通过一杯水的重量的事例告诉读者：只有卸下压力和负担，才能活得更轻松。‎ ‎1.A.class B.emotion C.time D.stress 答案　D　[根据下文中的“Our stresses and 10 in life are like that glass of water”可知，本文讲的是压力管理。stress management意为“压力管理”。]‎ ‎2.A.wondered B.expected C.agreed D.argued 答案　B　[当她举起一杯水时，每个人都预计他们会被问到“杯子是半空还是半满”的问题。wonder意为“想知道”；expect意为“预料，预计”；agree意为“同意”；argue意为“争论”。]‎ ‎3.A.However B.Meanwhile C.Anyhow D.Therefore 答案　A　[根据语境可知，教授微笑着问：“这杯水有多重？”这与学生预计的不同，故选A。however意为“然而”；meanwhile意为“同时”；anyhow意为“无论如何”；therefore意为“因此”。]‎ ‎4.A.ranged B.replied C.read D.exchanged 答案　A　[根据下文中的“from eight to twenty ounces(盎司)”可知，喊出的答案从8 到 20 盎司不等。range from...to...意为“范围从……到……”，符合语境。]‎ ‎5.A.exist B.change C.matter D.increase 答案　C　[根据下文中的“But it counts how long you hold it”可知，此处表示绝对的重量不重要。matter与count同义，意为“要紧”。]‎ ‎6.A.head B.arm ‎ C.leg D.stomach 答案　B　[根据下文中的“If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel numb”可知，此处指的是手臂。因此选B。]‎ ‎7.A.shape B.position ‎ C.weight D.size 答案　C　[根据下文中的“but the 8 I hold it，the heavier it becomes”可知，此处指的是水的重量。shape意为“形状”；position意为“位置”；weight意为“重量”；size意为“大小，尺寸”。故答案为C。]‎ ‎8.A.better B.deeper ‎ C.longer D.further 答案　C　[每一种情况下，这杯水的重量都没有改变，但是举的时间越长，它就会变得越重。根据“If I hold it for a minute”，“If I hold it for an hour”及“If I hold it for a day”可知，此处说的是时间。]‎ ‎9.A.fantasies B.thought C.dreams D.discussion 答案　B　[根据下文中的“all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully”可知，此处表示“(学生们)陷入沉思”，(be)lost in thought为固定搭配。]‎ ‎10.A.doubts B.joys C.surprises D.worries 答案　D　[根据空前的“stresses”和下文中的“burdens”可知，这里表示“我们生活中的压力和烦恼就像那杯水”。]‎ ‎11.A.cover B.carry ‎ C.hide D.show 答案　B　[根据下文中的“you have to do is put all your burdens down”可知，此处表示如果我们一直背着(carry)沉重的负担，故选B。]‎ ‎12.A.pick up B.work out C.carry on D.catch on 答案　C　[如果我们一直背着沉重的负担，迟早我们将感到筋疲力尽，甚至难以坚持下去。pick up 意为“捡起，恢复健康、体力等”；work out意为“算出”；carry on意为“继续进行，坚持下去”；catch on 意为“流行起来”。故选C。]‎ ‎13.A.Something B.All C.Nothing D.Anything 答案　B　[根据语境可知，此处表示你需要做的一切事情就是卸下负担，故选B。]‎ ‎14.A.eagerly B.naturally C.quickly D.early 答案　D　[根据“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知，此处表示晚上尽早卸下负担。]‎ ‎15.A.refreshed B.entertained C.depressed D.amazed 答案　A　[通过这样做我们第二天可以重新振作精神，能够奋勇向前。refresh“使恢复精神”；entertain意为“使快乐”；depress“使沮丧”；amaze“使大为惊奇”。故选A。]‎ ‎16.A.able B.anxious C.passive D.ambitious 答案　A　[解析见上题。able 意为“有能力的”，符合语境。anxious意为“焦虑的”；passive意为“被动的”；ambitious意为“有志气的”。]‎ ‎17.A.fear B.think ‎ C.rest D.get 答案　B　[通常，当我们想得太多时生活就会变得糟糕。]‎ ‎18.A.catch up with B.look down on C.let go of D.put up with 答案　C　[根据上文中的“ 13 you have to do is put all your burdens down”可知，当你卸下负担的时候，你会发现你自己更加放松。catch up with意为“赶上”；look down on“轻视”；let go of 意为“放手，松开”；put up with意为“忍受，忍耐”。因此选C。]‎ ‎19.A.happy B.sorry C.disappointed D.greedy 答案　B　[与其感到不安，自我怜悯，不如做一些改变它的事。feel sorry for oneself意为“自我怜悯”，为固定搭配。因此选B。]‎ ‎20.A.help B.treat C.drive D.abandon 答案　D　[毕竟人生苦短，不要使自己沉浸在让自己不开心的事情中。abandon oneself to“沉湎于，陷入”，符合语境。help oneself to意为“自用，自取，依靠自己”；treat oneself to意为“犒劳自己”；drive oneself to 意为“自己开车去”。]‎ 说明文专练 A ‎(2019·新疆第二次适应性测试)‎ What I have learned with my three teens is this：when they are testing me and pushing the limits in a way that feels more aggressive than normal teenage behavior，this is when they need some extra love and 1 .‎ When our kids are young and aren’t able to 2 how they are feeling，they typically behave in a way that makes it obvious that they are sad， 3 ，or not feeling like themselves.We parents try 4 to help them feel better，whatever it 5 .We won’t 6 even though we can’t quite understand.‎ As they get 7 and are able to talk and communicate，I think we raise our ‎ expectations a little bit too 8 —I’ve realized although they can talk and communicate and let us 9 whether something is wrong，it doesn’t mean they will.‎ Not because they don’t always want to， 10 teenagers seem to think they can 11 it on their own；they think their 12 won’t understand，or they are too embarrassed to come to us with their 13 or talk about certain situations.But I’ve also had to realize when my teens are disrespectful，they might not know how to 14 themselves.Even as a 43-year-old woman I still 15 with finding the words or putting a name to my feelings.I mean my teens need me to 16 them to tell me what’s wrong.‎ Teens，like all of us are looking for bonding，so make sure we are 17 time with them.This has to be face to face.If connecting with your teen by text messages feels easier，then start there，but don’t 18 there.Put down your 19 and look at your teen in the eyes to communicate too, and 20 will take you and your teen’s relationship to another level.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。孩子小的时候，他们不能向父母表达自己的感受，就会通过明显的方式来表达自己的难过或不舒服，当他们长大时，他们又不愿意表达他们的感受；因此，父母要关注孩子的成长，及时有效地和孩子沟通。‎ ‎1.A.complaint B.punishment C.praise D.attention 答案　D　[根据语境和前面的“when they need some extra love and”可知，此处表示当他们需要额外的爱和关注时。]‎ ‎2.A.sing B.explore C.communicate D.build 答案　C　[根据语境可知，当孩子小的时候，他们不能表达自己的感受。communicate“传达，传递”。]‎ ‎3.A.uncomfortable B.delighted C.excited D.energetic 答案　A　[根据该句中的“they are sad， 3 ，or not feeling like themselves”，并结合语境可知，此处表示他们伤心、不舒服。]‎ ‎4.A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything 答案　B　[根据后面的“whatever it 5 ”可知，我们父母尽一切可能去帮助他们感觉好些，无论付出什么。]‎ ‎5.A.offers B.takes ‎ C.makes D.calls 答案　B　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎6.A.give in B.give up C.give off D.give out 答案　B　[根据后面的“even though we can’t quite understand”可知，尽管我们不是很明白，但我们不会放弃。]‎ ‎7.A.smaller B.stronger C.older D.younger 答案　C　[根据后面的“are able to talk and communicate”可推知，当他们年龄大一点时，他们能说出和交流。]‎ ‎8.A.high B.low ‎ C.fast D.slow 答案　A　[根据前面的“we raise our expectations”并结合语境可知，此处表示我们把期望提得有点过高。]‎ ‎9.A.ask B.say ‎ C.debate D.know 答案　D　[根据语境可知，他们能讲话和交流，能让我们知道是否事情出了差错。]‎ ‎10.A.because B.since C.though D.but 答案　D　[根据上文“Not because they don’t always want to ”和空后的“teenagers seem to think they can 11 it on their own”可知，空处表转折，此处表示并不是因为他们不想，而是青少年认为他们能自己应付(handle)它。]‎ ‎11.A.handle B.hide ‎ C.present D.expose 答案　A　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎12.A.friends B.parents C.teachers D.teammates 答案　B　[根据语境可知，他们认为他们的父母不会理解。]‎ ‎13.A.worries B.possibilities C.explanations D.assumptions 答案　A　[根据该句中的“they are too embarrassed to come to us with their 13 ”可知，他们太尴尬不愿带着担忧找父母。]‎ ‎14.A.push B.determine C.express D.urge 答案　C　[根据语境可知，他们也许不知道怎样表达自己。]‎ ‎15.A.argue B.work ‎ C.struggle D.dream 答案　C　[根据上文可知，孩子们也许不知道怎样表达自己，并结合该句可知，作为一个43岁的女士，找到合适的话语表达自己的感受对“我”来说仍然很难。]‎ ‎16.A.force B.encourage C.refuse D.forbid 答案　B　[根据语境可知，此处表示“我的意思是孩子们需要我鼓励他们告诉我出了什么差错”。]‎ ‎17.A.wasting B.killing C.spending D.losing 答案　C　[根据该句中的“we are 17 time with them”可知，此处表示确保花费时间和他们在一起。]‎ ‎18.A.stand B.hang ‎ C.leave D.stop 答案　D　[根据该句“If connecting with your teen...don’t 18 there”可知，如果用手机信息和你的孩子沟通感觉更简单，就从那儿开始，但不能停留在手机交流上。]‎ ‎19.A.magazines B.newspapers C.books D.phones 答案　D　[根据上文用手机短信和孩子沟通可知，此处表示放下你的手机，看着孩子的眼睛进行沟通。]‎ ‎20.A.connections B.adjustment C.service D.disappointment 答案　A　[根据后面的“take you and your teen’s relationship to another level”可知，联系能让你和孩子的关系更进一层。]‎ B ‎(2019·石家庄重点高中高三摸底)‎ In most parts of the world a “good night’s sleep” means more or less eight hours without interruption.However，the 1 of an eight-hour sleep is fairly recent.‎ ‎ 2 ，history textbooks only tend to record memorable events.Sleep is so 3 that it isn’t mentioned.However，some historians 4 references to a “first sleep” and a “second sleep” in documents covering several centuries and countries.The first sleep started after sunset and lasted until around midnight.Then people would lie 5 for a while and chat or pray.Some neighbours 6 used to take the opportunity to visit each other between 7 .After a few hours，they would 8 their second sleep，until dawn.‎ By the time electric lighting was introduced，the two-sleep pattern had 9 ，for most people had lights and could stay up late if they wanted to.It’s a 10 we lost the two-sleep habit because being awake for a period at night is beneficial.It 11 the body’s natural energy and sleep rhythms and is the perfect time to 12 the day and to take it easy.‎ The two-sleep habit used to be quite widespread，but it wasn’t 13 .Sleep patterns vary between different cultures.Some cultures don’t have a fixed 14 for sleeping.People sleep for short periods throughout the day or night.‎ Sleep patterns also vary according to 15 .While older adults and pre-teens are 16 happy with early mornings，teenagers have a 17 of staying up late at night and getting up later.In many modern families，parents are always 18 that teenagers ‎ won’t get up in the mornings.Really，it shouldn’t 19 .Getting up late isn’t lazy.Maybe we should 20 what our body clock is telling us and sleep when our body says it’s tired.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了不同时期和不同地域人们的睡眠类型以及影响睡眠类型的因素。‎ ‎1.A.character B.end ‎ C.result D.concept 答案　D　[由下段中介绍的古人每天睡两觉的情况可知，八小时睡眠的“概念(concept)”是新近才有的。]‎ ‎2.A.Naturally B.Finally C.Hopefully D.Casually 答案　A　[史书记载的“自然(Naturally)”是那些值得纪念的事。]‎ ‎3.A.practical B.common C.important D.complex 答案　B　[由上句及isn’t mentioned可知，睡觉实在是太“普通(common)”了，因此没被记载。]‎ ‎4.A.dropped B.preferred C.understood D.noticed 答案　D　[由下文对first sleep和second sleep的描述可知，一些历史学家“注意到(noticed)”一些文件中提到了“第一次睡眠”和“第二次睡眠”。]‎ ‎5.A.asleep B.alone ‎ C.awake D.angry 答案　C　[由chat or pray可知，人们会“醒着(awake)”躺在那里。]‎ ‎6.A.even B.seldom ‎ C.still D.only 答案　A　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎7.A.floors B.days ‎ C.matches D.sleeps 答案　D　[由上文及下文中的their second sleep可知，一些邻居们“甚至(even)”‎ 会利用两次“睡眠(sleeps)”间的时间去相互拜访。]‎ ‎8.A.limit B.have ‎ C.check D.lose 答案　B　[几小时之后，他们会开始第二次睡眠，一直睡到黎明，故选have(进行)。]‎ ‎9.A.developed B.returned C.disappeared D.existed 答案　C　[由下文的lost the two-sleep habit可知，随着电灯的出现，一晚睡两觉这种睡眠方式已经“消失了(disappeared)”。]‎ ‎10.A.pity B.blessing ‎ C.puzzle D.relief 答案　A　[由being awake for a period at night is beneficial可知，我们放弃这种睡眠方式是一种“憾事(pity)”。]‎ ‎11.A.evaluates B.follows ‎ C.predicts D.proves 答案　B　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎12.A.mix with B.belong to C.think about D.wait for 答案　C　[每晚两次睡眠“遵循(follows)”了自然的能量和睡眠节奏，两觉之间醒着的时段是“回想(think about)”一天生活的最佳时间。]‎ ‎13.A.universal B.interesting C.healthy D.regular 答案　A　[由Sleep patterns vary between different cultures可知，一天睡两觉并非是“普遍的(universal)”现象。]‎ ‎14.A.place B.name ‎ C.reason D.time 答案　D　[由sleep for short periods throughout the day or night可知，这些人没有固定的睡觉“时间(time)”。]‎ ‎15.A.race B.age ‎ C.space D.season 答案　B　[由下文的older adults，pre-teens和teenagers可知，此处指人们的睡眠类型由于“年龄(age)”而不同。]‎ ‎16.A.suddenly B.hardly C.generally D.gradually 答案　C　[年长些的成年人和十一二岁的孩子“一般来说(generally)”都喜欢早起。]‎ ‎17.A.fear B.habit ‎ C.chance D.measure 答案　B　[由下文的that teenagers won’t get up in the mornings可知，此处指青少年有晚睡晚起的“习惯(habit)”。]‎ ‎18.A.complaining B.persuading C.hearing D.suspecting 答案　A　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎19.A.work B.occur ‎ C.last D.matter 答案　D　[由Getting up late isn’t lazy可知，家长们总是“抱怨(complaining)”青少年早上不起床；事实上，这并不“要紧(matter)”。]‎ ‎20.A.guess B.report ‎ C.consider D.risk 答案　C　[由sleep when our body says it’s tired可知，我们应该“考虑(consider)”我们的生物钟告诉我们的事情。]‎ C ‎(2019·广州高三调研)Dandelions(蒲公英) are common weeds that grow in many places around the world.In different 1 ，dandelions take different shapes.Scientists have long 2 that different habitats led to the creation of 3 species，and that differences in form are actual proof of different species. 4 ，according to Turesson，it is also possible that a 5 species takes different shapes dependent on the habitats it 6 in.To study this，I have looked at two dandelions growing in different habitats.The one， 7 I will call Dandelion 1，grows in a grass field that lies in the 8 .The other dandelion，Dandelion 2，grows in the shadow，e.g. 9 the trees or behind ‎ a shed.The grass field is hot and 10 .The shadow is cool and wet.So，what are the 11 between Dandelion 1 and 2?‎ Dandelion 1 is dark green，and its 12 are short and quite thick.Most of the leaves lie 13 on the surrounding grass.The flowers are short.Dandelion 2，on the other hand，looks very different.The leaves are long and 14 green.Most leaves stand in a vertical position.The flowers also 15 tall.‎ Dandelion 2 16 strong and tall.It is clear that it grows very well in the 17 ，and it has enough 18 and space to grow into a big plant.Dandelion 1，on the other hand，is small and dark.It seems that the 19 in the grassland make it difficult for this dandelion to grow into a big plant.‎ ‎ 20 ，the conditions in the two different habitats result in different shapes for these dandelions.For Dandelion 1，the sun makes the grass field hot and dry.In order to save water，it grows short and thick leaves.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。蒲公英是一种常见的植物，但它在不同的成长环境中会呈现不同的外形。为此，作者做了一个实验，来证明两种不同的生存环境会让蒲公英具有不同的外形。‎ ‎1.A.houses B.habitats ‎ C.parks D.countries 答案　B　[根据下文的“different habitats led to the creation of...”及多次提到的habitats可知，此处指蒲公英是多地常见的植物，在不同环境中生长的蒲公英有不同的外形。habitat意为“栖息地”，符合语境。house意为“房子”；park意为“公园”；country意为“国家”。]‎ ‎2.A.disagreed B.provided ‎ C.believed D.calculated 答案　C　[根据语境，设空处后的“that different habitats led to the creation of...”可知，这是科学家们的观点，因此是科学家们认为的事情。believe意为“认为”，符合语境。disagree意为“不同意”；provide意为“提供”；calculate意为“计算”。]‎ ‎3.A.new B.good ‎ C.old D.bad 答案　A　[根据设空后的that differences in form are actual proof of different species可知，此处指不同的生长地导致新品种的产生。故选A项。]‎ ‎4.A.However B.Therefore ‎ C.Thus D.Otherwise 答案　A　[上句说不同的外形能证明不同的品种，下句讲蒂勒松认为也有可能是同一物种有不同外形，空前与空后内容之间为转折关系。however意为“然而”，符合语境。therefore意为“因此”；thus意为“因此”；otherwise意为“否则”。]‎ ‎5.A.special B.different ‎ C.strange D.single 答案　D　[该句与上句内容为转折关系，且根据下文用蒲公英做实验可知，此处应指蒂勒松认为也有可能同一物种有不同的外形。special意为“特殊的”；different意为“不同的”；strange意为“奇怪的”；single意为“单一的”。故选D项。]‎ ‎6.A.plants B.works ‎ C.takes D.grows 答案　D　[全文都是在介绍蒲公英因生长环境不同而呈现出不同的外形，再结合设空处前的habitats可知，此处应指它生长的环境。grow意为“生长”，符合语境。plant意为“栽种”；work意为“工作”；take意为“拿”。]‎ ‎7.A.what B.which ‎ C.that D.when 答案　B　[此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The one，指物，故用关系代词which引导，选B项。]‎ ‎8.A.world B.mountain ‎ C.sun D.valley 答案　C　[此处与下文的in the shadow形成对比，根据常识及下文的The grass field is hot可知蒲公英1号种在阳光下。故选C项。]‎ ‎9.A.under B.over ‎ C.upon D.between 答案　A　[前面的in the shadow指将蒲公英2号种在背阴处，如树下或棚屋后面。故选A项。]‎ ‎10.A.humid B.wet ‎ C.soft D.dry 答案　D　[两种情况是相对的，第二种情况是在背阴处，又凉又湿，那么种在阳光下的草地上的应该是又热又干。dry意为“干燥的”，符合题意。humid意为“潮湿的”；wet意为“湿的”；soft意为“软的”。]‎ ‎11.A.similarities B.advantages C.differences D.disadvantages 答案　C　[由上文内容可知，作者这样种植是为了观察其区别，下文就列举了观察结果。difference意为“差异”，符合语境。similarity意为“相似之处”；advantage意为“优势”；disadvantage意为“劣势”。]‎ ‎12.A.seeds B.leaves ‎ C.weeds D.woods 答案　B　[此处指蒲公英1号叶片深绿而短厚，与下句的the leaves呼应，seed意为“种子”；leaf意为“叶子”；weed意为“野草”；wood意为“木头；树林”。故选B项。]‎ ‎13.A.flat B.apart ‎ C.dead D.logical 答案　A　[根据下文中的“Most leaves stand in a vertical position.”可知，第二种情况下种出来的蒲公英叶子是立着的，那么第一种情况下的蒲公英的叶子应是平铺在周围的草上。flat意为“平的”，符合语境。apart意为“分开的”；dead意为“死的”；logical意为“合理的”。]‎ ‎14.A.dark B.bright ‎ C.artificial D.familiar 答案　B　[根据前句中的looks very different和上文的dark green可知蒲公英2号的叶子应是翠绿的。bright意为“明亮的”，符合语境。dark意为“黑暗的；深色的”；artificial意为“人造的”；familiar意为“熟悉的”。]‎ ‎15.A.lie B.break ‎ C.stand D.perform 答案　C　[由前一句可知，此处指蒲公英2号的花儿也长得很高，前句中的stand是提示。lie意为“躺；说谎”；break意为“打破”；stand意为“站立”‎ ‎；perform意为“执行；表演”。故选C项。]‎ ‎16.A.sounds B.smells ‎ C.feels D.looks 答案　D　[根据上一段对两种情况下生长的蒲公英的对比可知，蒲公英2号看起来很高很茁壮。sound意为“听起来”；smell意为“闻起来”；feel意为“摸起来”；look意为“看起来”。故选D项。]‎ ‎17.A.swallow B.shallow ‎ C.shadow D.shape 答案　C　[根据上文“Dandelion 2，grows in the shadow”和“The shadow is cool and wet.”可知，此处指背阴处的蒲公英长得很好。shadow意为“阴影；阴暗处”，符合语境。swallow意为“燕子”；shallow意为“浅的”；shape意为“形状”。]‎ ‎18.A.sunshine B.leaves ‎ C.honey D.water 答案　D　[根据上文的“The shadow is cool and wet.”可知，此处指种在背阴处的蒲公英有足够的水分和空间生长成大的植物。water意为“水分”，符合语境。sunshine意为“阳光”；leaf意为“树叶”；honey意为“蜂蜜”。]‎ ‎19.A.conditions B.occasions C.situations D.preparations 答案　A　[根据上文对生长条件的描述及空后的make it difficult for this dandelion to grow into a big plant可知，此处指似乎草地的条件使蒲公英很难生长成大的植物。condition意为“条件”，符合语境。occasion意为“场合”；situation意为“状况”；preparation意为“准备”。]‎ ‎20.A.Fortunately B.Obviously C.Consequently D.Accidentally 答案　B　[本段为总结段落，作者通过实验得出结论：很明显，不同的生存环境导致蒲公英的外形不同。obviously意为“明显地”，符合语境。fortunately意为“幸运地”；consequently意为“因此”；accidentally意为“偶然地”。]‎ A ‎(2019·安徽省五校联盟质量检测)‎ Laziness is a state of inaction.It is something that you do，not something that you are.Being lazy means you have no 1 to do anything.Many people are 2 themselves to be someone who is lazy.In this article，I am going to 3 with you something that will help you see this state of inaction in a(n) 4 way.‎ Lazy people are often seen as useless. 5 ，are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy? Acting lazy is suggesting that your laziness is 6 .But being lazy suggests that it lasts long.Many people are not really lazy; they 7 are people who are temporarily acting that way.‎ So what 8 a person to be inactive? The answer is a lack of goals.If you give someone a good enough 9 to do something，he will do it.People who don’t 10 to do anything just haven’t found a good enough reason to do it. 11 students don’t study because they don’t see the 12 in studying.If you give them a reason，a strong enough reason，they will take 13 .For example，if you are too lazy to go to the gym，would you go if someone 14 you a million dollars to go? If you are too lazy to clean out the garage，would someone 15 a gun to your head help you take action? The reason can be positive or negative 16 it is strong enough to help you take action.‎ The bottom line of knowing how to 17 laziness comes down to finding enough reasons to take action.Action will 18 success while inaction will result in 19 .To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help him find enough 20 to work towards a certain goal.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要说明懒惰是一种无所事事的状态，分析了懒惰的原因，并提出了相应的改进措施。‎ ‎1.A.courage B.question C.time D.motivation 答案　D　[懒惰意味着你没有做任何事情的动力。根据文章最后一句中的“To motivate someone who is lazy”可知，此处应选motivation，意为“动机，兴趣”。]‎ ‎2.A.agreeing B.denying C.considering D.refusing 答案　C　[许多人认为自己是个懒惰的人。consider sb to be...意为“认为……是……”。]‎ ‎3.A.argue B.share C.compete D.compare 答案　B　[在此文中，“我”将与你分享一些东西让你认清这种不作为的状态。share with意为“与……分享”。]‎ ‎4.A.different B.interesting C.ordinary D.primary 答案　A　[此处表示“以不同的方式”与你分享。]‎ ‎5.A.Otherwise B.Besides C.However D.Therefore 答案　C　[懒惰的人常常被认为一无是处。然而，他们是真的懒惰还是表现得懒惰呢？前后表示转折，且用逗号隔开，故应用转折副词however连接。]‎ ‎6.A.correct B.false C.temporary D.inspirational 答案　C　[由“But”一词可知，此处应与下文“lasts long”形成对比，且与下文“temporarily acting that way”照应。故此处应指“暂时的”。]‎ ‎7.A.simply B.occasionally C.often D.hardly 答案　A　[许多人并不是真的懒惰，他们只是暂时想懒散一下罢了。此处与上文中的“really”形成对比。]‎ ‎8.A.stops B.causes C.discourages D.demands 答案　B　[根据下文“The answer is a lack of goals.”可知，此处指的应该是其原因，即是什么让一个人变得不作为呢？B项意为“引起”。]‎ ‎9.A.worry B.gift ‎ C.fear D.purpose 答案　D　[上文说一个人不作为是因为缺乏目标，此处表示如果你给某个人足够明确的目标去做些事情，他一定会去做。D项意为“目标”。]‎ ‎10.A.want B.devote ‎ C.take D.come 答案　A　[不想做事的人只是没有找到一个足够好的理由去做事。A项意为“想要”。]‎ ‎11.A.Hard-working B.Lazy C.Young D.Confused 答案　B　[上文主要讲的是懒惰的人及其懒惰的原因。根据上下文可知，不学习的学生应该是懒惰的学生，故选B。]‎ ‎12.A.point B.success C.situation D.difficulty 答案　A　[懒惰的学生不学习是因为他们没有看出学习的意义。the point in doing sth意为“做某事的意义”。]‎ ‎13.A.part B.place C.action D.control 答案　C　[如果你给他们一个理由，一个有足够说服力的理由，他们肯定会采取行动。此处也与上文的“he will do it”相照应。take action意为“采取行动”。]‎ ‎14.A.lent B.owed C.borrowed D.offered 答案　D　[比如，如果你太懒惰了以至于不想去体育馆，那么，有人主动给你一百万美元你愿意去吗？D项意为“主动提供”。]‎ ‎15.A.firing B.pointing C.shooting D.hiding 答案　B　[如果你太懒惰了以至于不愿意清理车库，那么，有人拿枪指着你的头会让你采取行动吗？point...to...意为“把……指向……”。]‎ ‎16.A.so that B.as soon as C.in spite of D.as long as 答案　D　[无论原因是积极主动的还是消极被动的，只要理由充分，就足以让你采取行动。D项意为“只要，如果”，引导条件状语从句。]‎ ‎17.A.win B.fight ‎ C.overcome D.ban 答案　C　[上文分析了懒惰的表现和原因，文章最后一段讲的是如何克服懒惰情绪。根据语境可知，此处应表示如何克服懒惰，归根结底是要找到足够的理由采取行动。C项意为“克服”。]‎ ‎18.A.result from B.fight for C.ask for D.lead to 答案　D　[根据语境以及逻辑关系可知，行动会带来成功。D项意为“导致，引起”。]‎ ‎19.A.influence B.failure C.pressure D.happiness 答案　B　[此处应与上半句中的“success”形成对比，表示“不作为将会导致失败”。]‎ ‎20.A.reasons B.money C.energy D.confidence 答案　A　[为了激发懒惰的人，你需要做的就是帮助他找到足够的理由朝着目标奋斗。A项意为“理由”，在上文也多次出现。]‎ B ‎(2019·大连高三双基测试)Most people are poor listeners.Even when we think we are listening carefully，we usually 1 only half of what we hear，and we remember even less.Improving your listening skills can be 2 in every part of your life.‎ The most important 3 of poor listening is giving in to distractions (分心的事物) and letting our thoughts 4 .Sometimes，however，we listen too 5 .We try to remember every word a speaker says，and we lose the 6 message by concentrating on details.In other situations，we may jump to conclusions and 7 a speaker without hearing out the message.Finally，we often judge people by their 8 or speaking manner 9 listening to what they say.‎ You can 10 these poor listening habits by taking several steps.First，take listening 11 and commit yourself to becoming a better listener.Second，work at being a(n) 12 listener.Give your undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to 13 her or his ideas.Third， 14 distractions.Make a conscious effort to keep your mind on ‎ what the speaker is saying.Fourth，try not to be 15 by appearance or delivery. 16 preconceived (事先形成的) judgments based on a person’s looks or manner of speech.Fifth，suspend (延缓) judgment 17 you have heard the speaker’s entire message.Sixth， 18 your listening by paying attention to main points，to evidence，and to the speaker’s techniques.Finally，develop your note-taking skills.When done 19 ，note taking is an excellent way to improve your concentration and to keep track of a speaker’s 20 .It almost forces you to become a more attentive and creative listener.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了如何才能成为一名好的倾听者。‎ ‎1.A.grasp B.realize C.believe D.choose 答案　A　[根据上文的“poor listeners”及下文的“remember even less”可知，即便认真去听，我们通常也只能“领会(grasp)”所听到的一半内容。]‎ ‎2.A.difficult B.helpful C.possible D.practical 答案　B　[下文介绍的是提高听力技能的方法，所以此处指提高听力技能对生活的方方面面都有“帮助(helpful)”。]‎ ‎3.A.role B.factor C.function D.cause 答案　D　[容易受干扰是听力差的最重要的“原因(cause)”。]‎ ‎4.A.pass B.wander C.stop D.stay 答案　B　[根据上文的“giving in to distractions(分心的事情)”可知，此处指思绪“不集中(wander)”。]‎ ‎5.A.long B.clearly C.hard D.passively 答案　C　[根据下文的“We try to remember every word”可知，有时，我们听不好是因为听得“过于认真(hard)”了。]‎ ‎6.A.main B.new ‎ C.useful D.hidden 答案　A　[根据下文的“concentrating on details”可知，此处指没抓住“主要(main)”信息。]‎ ‎7.A.prejudge B.ignore C.doubt D.leave 答案　A　[根据下文的“without hearing out the message”可知，没听完对方说什么，就“妄下结论(prejudge)”。]‎ ‎8.A.words B.speed C.behavior D.appearance 答案　D　[根据speaking manner可知，人们经常通过“外表(appearance)”或说话方式，“而不是(instead of)”对方所讲的内容来评价一个人。下一段的“looks or manner of speech”也是提示。]‎ ‎9.A.due to B.along with C.instead of D.except for 答案　C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎10.A.pick up B.give up C.take up D.put up 答案　B　[下文提到的方法都是帮助大家“改掉(give up)”不良听力习惯的。]‎ ‎11.A.seriously B.naturally C.personally D.wrongly 答案　A　[根据下文的“commit yourself”可知，听别人说话时应该“认真(seriously)”。take sth seriously“严肃认真地对待某事”。]‎ ‎12.A.clever B.active C.free D.powerful 答案　B　[根据下文中的“undivided attention”和“genuine effort”可知，我们应该做一个“积极的(active)”倾听者，努力去“听懂(understand)”对方要表达的意思。]‎ ‎13.A.test B.support C.understand D.discuss 答案　C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎14.A.consider B.share C.watch D.resist 答案　D　[根据下文的“keep your mind on what the speaker is saying”可知，倾听时需要“抵制(resist)”干扰。]‎ ‎15.A.affected B.puzzled C.replaced D.persuaded 答案　A　[根据上一段及下文中的“judgments based on a person’s looks or manner of speech”可知，此处是说不要被外表等因素“影响(affected)”，把那些事先形成的判断都“抛到一边(Set aside)”。]‎ ‎16.A.Set aside B.Set down C.Set off D.Set out 答案　A　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎17.A.though B.when ‎ C.until D.since 答案　C　[要“一直等到(until)”对方说完再下结论。]‎ ‎18.A.check B.focus ‎ C.organize D.monitor 答案　B　[根据下文的“main points”可知，此处指要“集中(focus)”精力去听。]‎ ‎19.A.eagerly B.secretly C.slowly D.properly 答案　D　[只有记笔记的方法“得当(properly)”，它才能在听力中发挥积极的作用。]‎ ‎20.A.questions B.plans C.ideas D.changes 答案　C　[记笔记当然是为了记录说话者的“观点(ideas)”。]‎ C ‎(2019·广州综合测试二)Always wished the Earth had a second moon？Then you will be 1 to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science and Technology Microelectronics System Research Institute has plans to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.‎ Similar to the 2 satellite，the light of the artificial orb(球体)will be obtained from the sun and 3 to Earth by its mirror-like coating.According to its designers，the 4 of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be 5 ，if necessary.‎ While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque，their main purpose is to conserve 6 .The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon’s dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually 7 costly streetlights in cities.They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu’s streets at night will 8 the city 1.2 billion yuan annually.Since the orb’s location can be 9 moved，it could also be used to shine light over disaster-struck areas that have lost 10 .‎ Once the first mini moon is 11 successfully，the experts plan to launch three 12 ones.Together，the satellites，which will take turns depending on their 13 in relation to the sun，are expected to 14 an area of 3，600 to 6，400 square kilometers.While the orbs will be 15 through a telescope from anywhere on the globe，their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu.Officials， 16 ，believe they will be a huge tourist attraction，helping improve the city’s 17 .‎ As is often the case with major 18 ，some experts are concerned.They 19 that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals.However，officials believe the satellites will cause little，if any, 20 .‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。成都航天科工微电子系统研究院计划在未来几年发送人造月亮用以反射太阳光线，利用反射光可以照亮成都夜晚的街道，从而节能省钱。‎ ‎1.A.pleased B.surprised C.alarmed D.relieved 答案　A　[根据语境可知，如果你一直盼望有第二个月亮的话，那听到在未来几年会发射多颗微型“月亮”，你会感到高兴(pleased)。]‎ ‎2.A.traditional B.unique C.natural D.famous 答案　C　[根据该句中的“the light of the artificial orb(球体) will be obtained from ‎ the sun”并结合常识可知，从太阳中获取光是自然卫星的普遍特点，而这种人造球体和自然卫星类似。C项意为“自然的，天然的”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎3.A.carried B.reflected C.introduced D.transformed 答案　B　[根据该句中的“by its mirror-like coating”并结合物理常识可推知，该处指太阳的光线被反射到地球，B项意为“反射”，故B项正确。D项意为“使变形”。]‎ ‎4.A.colour B.speed ‎ C.source D.amount 答案　D　[根据该句中的“can be controlled from Earth”并结合语境可知，可以从地球上控制光的量；D项意为“数量”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎5.A.sent out B.switched off C.given away D.turned down 答案　B　[根据语境可知，在地球上可以控制光的量，如果有必要，甚至可以关闭光源。B项意为“关掉”，故B项正确。A项意为“发出，分发”；C项意为“泄露，赠送”；D项意为“拒绝，调低”。]‎ ‎6.A.resources B.animals C.farmland D.space 答案　A　[根据下文中的“They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu’s streets at night”可知，利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道；结合该句可知，制造这种人造卫星旨在节约资源。A项意为“资源”，故A项正确。C项意为“农田”。]‎ ‎7.A.rebuild B.expand ‎ C.improve D.remove 答案　D　[根据下文利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道可知，专家称这种光将使政府最终能够移除城市中昂贵的路灯。D项意为“移走，去掉”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎8.A.bring B.leave ‎ C.save D.cost 答案　C　[根据语境可知，他们估计，在夜间利用人造卫星照亮成都的街道，每年可以节省12亿元人民币。C项意为“节省”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎9.A.hardly B.easily C.frequently D.normally 答案　B　[根据上文可以在地球上控制光的量并结合该句可知，由于人造月亮的位置可以轻易移动，故它也可以用来照亮受灾地区。B项意为“轻易地”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎10.A.money B.home ‎ C.contact D.power 答案　D　[根据该句中的“to shine light over disaster-struck areas”可推知，受灾地区电源断了，可以利用人造月亮照亮受灾地区。D项意为“电，电力”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎11.A.travelling B.appearing C.working D.signaling 答案　C　[根据语境可知，一旦人造月亮成功运作，专家们将计划发射另外三个。C项意为“运转，运行”，故C项正确。D项意为“发信号”。]‎ ‎12.A.additional B.special C.bright D.colourful 答案　A　[解析见上题。A项意为“另外的”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎13.A.size B.importance C.position D.function 答案　C　[根据该句中的“in relation to the sun”并结合常识可知，这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置反射光线，预计照亮3 600到6 400平方公里的区域。C项意为“位置”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎14.A.pick up B.take up C.hold up D.light up 答案　D　[解析见上题。D项意为“照亮”，故D项正确。A项意为“拿起，学会”；B项意为“占据，开始从事”；C项意为“举起，支撑”。]‎ ‎15.A.reliable B.visible C.available D.testable 答案　B　[根据该句中的“through a telescope”可知，虽然地球上任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但它们真正的美只能通过参观成都才能看到。visible意为“可见的”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“可依靠的”；C项意为“可用的”；D项意为“可检验的”。]‎ ‎16.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.moreover 答案　A　[根据上文可知，只有通过参观成都才能看到球体的美；结合该句中的“they will be a huge tourist attraction”可知，它们将成为游览的一大吸引点；根据句意可知，前后句有逻辑上的因果关系，A项意为“因此”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎17.A.population B.education C.technology D.economy 答案　D　[根据语境并结合常识可知，官员们相信，这些人造月亮将成为一个巨大的旅游吸引点，帮助促进城市的经济发展。D项意为“经济”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎18.A.drawbacks B.breakthroughs C.evolution D.conflict 答案　B　[根据上文可知，人们将发射人造月亮用来反射太阳的光；结合该句可知，重大的突破常常会引起专家的担心。B项意为“突破”，故B项正确。A项意为“缺点”；C项意为“进化，演变，发展”；D项意为“冲突”。]‎ ‎19.A.doubt B.conclude C.worry D.agree 答案　C　[根据前一句中的“concerned”并结合该句可知，他们担心这些人造月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。]‎ ‎20.A.disturbance B.destruction C.satisfaction D.discussion 答案　A　[解析见上题并结合该句可知，然而官员们认为，这种人造月亮不会给人们带来干扰或带来很少干扰(disturbance)。]‎ 议论文专练 A ‎(2019·长沙四校高考模拟)Success can mean different things for different people.For ‎ some，success may be a large salary and a nice car.For others，it may mean a well-fed and happy family.For college 1 ，it means getting good marks or passing grades in order to 2 a degree.‎ And there lies a slight difficulty with some college students.The way in which they 3 success may not always be that they earned it. 4 it requires hard work，and most importantly，honesty.Some students 5 to simply gain success.In 2013，news of the largest cheating scandal(丑闻) at Harvard University was 6 .It is said that the whole class had a minimum of 250 students and possible cheating was 7 in roughly half the take-home exams.‎ The consequences for those found 8 could range from a warning to a 9 withdrawal from the university for a year.And some of the students in the course were seniors， 10 the latter consequence could also mean giving back their degree and maybe even 11 the jobs acquired after graduation.Although such consequences may have a very 12 and possibly life-changing impact(影响) on some students’ lives，I believe it is entirely 13 to make sure that academic integrity(诚实正直) is a respected and necessary requirement for 14 success.‎ Harvard University is 15 thought of as the top of higher education.It is a name almost anyone would like to have in their 16 .Although someone will admit to knowing the occasional cheat at a(n) 17 ，the highest standards won’t 18 cheating.‎ Take pride when you make the 19 to do your best and honest work.Success achieved in any way is great，but success achieved 20 is the only success you can truly call your own.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章论述了作为大学生，真正的成功来自于脚踏实地的勤奋学习和认真诚实地对待每一次考试，而不是浑水摸鱼拿文凭。‎ ‎1.A.educators B.students C.dreamers D.applicants 答案　B　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎2.A.obtain B.keep ‎ C.offer D.exchange 答案　A　[根据getting good marks or passing grades以及degree可知，对于上大学的“学生(students)”而言，成功意味着取得好的成绩，从而“获得(obtain)”学位。]‎ ‎3.A.desire B.bring ‎ C.achieve D.judge 答案　C　[根据a slight difficulty with some college students可知，有些大学生“获得(achieve)”的成功可能并不是他们自己努力换来的。]‎ ‎4.A.Instructing B.Proving C.Earning D.Investigating 答案　C　[根据they earned it可知，“赢得(Earning)”成功不仅需要努力，更重要的是需要诚实。]‎ ‎5.A.cheat B.compete ‎ C.hate D.learn 答案　A　[根据news of the largest cheating scandal可知，有些学生通过“作弊(cheat)”蒙混过关。]‎ ‎6.A.checked B.expected ‎ C.doubted D.reported 答案　D　[根据It is said可知，在2013年，哈佛大学一起特大作弊丑闻被“报道(reported)”。]‎ ‎7.A.avoided B.discovered C.ignored D.promised 答案　B　[根据possible cheating和roughly half the take-home exams可知，据说一个最少有250名学生的班里，大概可能有一半的学生“被发现(discovered)”在带回家的考试中作弊。]‎ ‎8.A.nervous B.curious ‎ C.careful D.guilty 答案　D　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎9.A.funny B.satisfying ‎ C.forced D.gradual 答案　C　[根据cheating scandal和consequences可知，对那些被发现“犯错的(guilty)”学生的处理结果是有的被警告，有的“被强行(forced)”退学一年。]‎ ‎10.A.if B.so ‎ C.though D.until 答案　B　[根据seniors和giving back their degree可知，设空前后存在因果关系，故选so。]‎ ‎11.A.losing B.disliking C.imagining D.explaining 答案　A　[根据even...the jobs acquired after graduation以及上文提到的warning和withdrawal可知，有的学生甚至会“失去(losing)”毕业后获得的工作。]‎ ‎12.A.strange B.limited C.reasonable D.negative 答案　D　[根据such consequences和possibly life-changing impact可知，这些结果可能会给某些学生产生“负面的(negative)”影响，可能会改变他们的一生。]‎ ‎13.A.necessary B.possible ‎ C.awful D.rare 答案　A　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎14.A.economic B.academic C.commercial D.international 答案　B　[根据academic integrity is a respected and necessary requirement可知，作者坚信确保学术的诚实正直是获得“学术(academic)”成功值得尊重的“必要(necessary)”条件。]‎ ‎15.A.frequently B.suddenly C.hardly D.commonly 答案　D　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎16.A.education B.career C.conversation D.knowledge 答案　A　[根据It is a name almost anyone would like to have可知，哈佛大学“通常(commonly)”被认为是顶尖高等学府，几乎每个人都希望自己的“‎ 教育(education)”背景中有哈佛这个名字。]‎ ‎17.A.conference B.match C.exam D.concert 答案　C　[参见下题解析。]‎ ‎18.A.prevent B.permit ‎ C.protect D.predict 答案　B　[根据the occasional cheat和the highest standards可知，尽管人们知道“考试(exam)”中存在偶尔作弊的现象，但是最高准则是不“允许(permit)”舞弊的。]‎ ‎19.A.chance B.change C.effort D.exception 答案　C　[根据Take pride和do your best and honest work可知，你应该以你“努力(effort)”做到最好和最诚实为骄傲。]‎ ‎20.A.patiently B.bravely C.slowly D.honestly 答案　D　[根据本文一直围绕学术上的诚信正直展开的论述可知，尽管通过任何方式获得的成功都很了不起，但是只有通过诚实赢得的成功才真正属于你自己。]‎ B ‎(2019·西安五校联考)Imagine that your life is like a treasure hunt.One day，a particular goal 1 your attention and you decide to 2 on a treasure hunt.You begin the long hike and encounter a 3 or two along the way.Already the 4 path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining.Things get 5 when you finally arrive at the spot.You say to yourself，“This doesn’t look like the treasure I 6 imagined! I must be on the wrong path.I 7 all this time！”‎ You wonder，“Hmm...maybe I should 8 goals？” after thinking for a few moments.It’s 9 to feel a sense of disappointment or 10 when this occurs，but I think the deeper problem is 11 in how we approached the treasure in the first place.‎ The 12 is that most people spend all of their time thinking about the treasure.The ‎ fastest way to get to a particular spot， 13 ，is to set your compass and start walking.The idea here is to commit to your goal with the strongest 14 .Develop a clear，single-minded 15 for where you are.And then 16 all of your energy to the journey and be committed to the path you are walking.‎ In other words，your goal becomes your compass，not your buried treasure.The goal is your 17 ，not your destination.The goal is a mission that you are on，a path that you 18 .That is just fine and worthwhile， 19 comes from that path.It is the commitment to walking the path that 20 .‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。生活就像一次寻宝之旅，到头来我们会发现所寻之物并非所愿。问题的根源在于一开始我们就没有弄清楚该如何接近宝藏。目标是方向，不再是归宿；目标是使命，是选择的道路。忠诚于自己所选的道路，尽心尽力才是重要的。‎ ‎1.A.reminds B.turns ‎ C.pays D.grabs 答案　D　[此处指“一个特定的目标吸引了你的注意力”，grab “吸引(某人的注意)”，符合语境。remind “提醒”。]‎ ‎2.A.set out B.work out C.give out D.turn out 答案　A　[此处指你决定动身踏上这一寻宝之旅，set out “出发，动身”，符合语境。work out “锻炼身体，计算出”；give out “分发”；turn out “出席，结果是”。]‎ ‎3.A.challenge B.misfortune C.story D.surprise 答案　A　[由下文“is starting to look different from the buried treasure”以及“I must be on the wrong path.”可知，寻宝之旅遭受了挑战(challenge)。misfortune “不幸”。]‎ ‎4.A.smooth B.actual ‎ C.narrow D.false 答案　B　[根据上下文尤其是空后的“path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining”‎ 可知，实际的(actual)道路和你之前想象的不一样。smooth “平坦的”；narrow “狭窄的”；false “错误的”。]‎ ‎5.A.better B.more complex C.more relaxing D.worse 答案　D　[由下文中的“This doesn’t look like the treasure I 6 imagined！I must be on the wrong path.”可知，最初你感到寻宝之旅发生变化，到最后情况变得更加糟糕(worse)。]‎ ‎6.A.hardly B.usually C.previously D.normally 答案　C　[根据语境尤其是上文“path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining”可知，此处表示这和先前(previously)想象的不一样。]‎ ‎7.A.forgot B.wasted ‎ C.valued D.managed 答案　B　[由空前的“I must be on the wrong path.”可知，此处表示自己走错了路，浪费(wasted)了这些时间。value “重视，珍视”；manage “努力完成”。]‎ ‎8.A.attain B.assess ‎ C.switch D.achieve 答案　C　[由上一段“I must be on the wrong path.”可知，此处表示以为自己走错了路，所以没有找到想要的宝藏，故认为自己应改变(switch)目标。attain “获得”；assess “评价，评定”。]‎ ‎9.A.natural B.necessary C.obvious D.strange 答案　A　[根据行文逻辑可知，走错了路，寻错了宝，为此感到很失落是很正常的(natural)事。necessary “必要的”；obvious “明显的”；strange “奇怪的，陌生的”。]‎ ‎10.A.failure B.confusion C.shame D.ignorance 答案　B　[由上文“maybe I should 8 goals”可知，你走错了路，找到的宝藏不是想要的，感觉要不要改变目标，这是一种困惑(confusion)，故选B项。failure ‎ ‎“失败”；shame “耻辱”；ignorance “无知”。]‎ ‎11.A.buried B.lost ‎ C.absorbed D.rooted 答案　D　[根据语境可知，此处表示作者分析没有找到想要的宝藏的根源(rooted)在于一开始就没有弄清楚该如何接近宝藏。]‎ ‎12.A.evidence B.lesson ‎ C.truth D.problem 答案　D　[根据空后的“most people spend all of their time thinking about the treasure”可知，大多数人花费所有的时间想宝藏是问题(problem)所在。]‎ ‎13.A.anyway B.however C.otherwise D.therefore 答案　B　[根据上下文可知，此处表示转折，故选B。]‎ ‎14.A.belief B.feelings ‎ C.support D.nerves 答案　A　[根据下文中的“be committed to the path you are walking”和最后一段最后一句中的“It is the commitment to walking the path”并结合语境可知，你要专注于(focus)往哪里去，然后坚定地走下去，故此处表示你需要有最强的信念(belief)。]‎ ‎15.A.habit B.desire ‎ C.focus D.interest 答案　C　[解析见上题。]‎ ‎16.A.preserve B.improve ‎ C.research D.devote 答案　D　[根据语境可知，此处表示要倾尽所能，尽心尽力。devote “献身，致力，专心”，符合语境。preserve “保存”；improve “改善”。]‎ ‎17.A.dream B.motto ‎ C.direction D.schedule 答案　C　[文章最后一段是主旨的升华。结合文章主旨及选项可知，此处指目标是方向(direction)，不是归宿。motto “箴言，格言”；schedule “日程安排”。]‎ ‎18.A.follow B.show C.recommend D.demand 答案　A　[由上文中的“be committed to the path you are walking”可知，目标是一个使命，是一条需要遵循(follow)的道路。recommend “推荐”；demand “要求”。]‎ ‎19.A.whichever B.whatever C.whoever D.whenever 答案　B　[此处指不论这条道路上有什么，那都很好，也很值得。whatever “无论什么”，符合语境。]‎ ‎20.A.deserves B.counts C.works D.gathers 答案　B　[根据空前一句可知，忠诚于自己所选的道路，尽心尽力才是最重要的。count “重要”，符合语境。deserve “值得”；gather “聚集”。]‎ C ‎(2019·成都一诊)In a world where comparisons happen non-stop，it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be 1 with who you are.There’s always someone who’s a bit 2 .The only solution is to reach 3 and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick(衡量标准).There is no more 4 measure for comparison than who you were yesterday，last week or last decade，when you were at your 5 .‎ Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others. 6 you see yourself as better than someone and you get 7 ，or you see someone else as better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for 8 .It is a fool’s game.No one of us is 9 alike.The only direct and honest comparison is 10 yourself.Everything else is apples to oranges.‎ My opinion is that you are only 11 to compare yourself to someone else if their life 12 is the same as your own.But one thing is for sure.No matter how hard you work and how 13 you are，there will always be someone who can run a little faster，jump a little higher，score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit.And if there’s not，you can 14 someone is coming up fast behind you.So how can you always win in life? Become your best 15 .‎ Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to 16 you to ‎ the next level.If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday，then do 8 today.Who 17 if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn’t make a bit of 18 .You are a more fit person today than you were yesterday.Your own 19 is all you need.‎ If you 20 to a slightly higher standard of yourself every day，you will always be at the top of your game.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。作者论述了盲目与他人比较的坏处，提出了人要以自己为比较对象，只有努力奋斗，才能不断取得进步，超越自我，并提出了建议。‎ ‎1.A.patient B.strict ‎ C.content D.concerned 答案　C　[根据语境，作者提出世俗的一个普遍观点：人很难对自己真正感到满意。content意为“满意的”，符合语境。patient意为“有耐心的”；strict意为“严格的，严厉的”；concerned意为“焦急的，担忧的”。]‎ ‎2.A.stronger B.better ‎ C.lazier D.wiser 答案　B　[根据13小题空后的there will always be someone who can run a little faster...可知，作者提及我们周围总是有更优秀的人。因此better符合语境。]‎ ‎3.A.inside B.outside ‎ C.out D.up 答案　A　[根据后文可知作者主张我们要关注自我的内心，因此inside符合语境。]‎ ‎4.A.useful B.careful ‎ C.accurate D.powerful 答案　C　[根据句意，该处指没有比将自己作为比较对象更准确的衡量方式了，accurate意为“正确的；精确的”，符合语境。useful意为“有用的”；careful意为“谨慎的；细心的”；powerful意为“强有力的”。]‎ ‎5.A.end B.best C.side D.convenience 答案　B　‎ ‎[根据语境，作者建议要与过去最好的自己相比较，因此best符合语境。end意为“结束”；side意为“边，侧”；convenience意为“方便，便利”。]‎ ‎6.A.Whether B.Either ‎ C.Once D.If 答案　B　[根据句意和第7小题空后的or一词可知，这里Either更符合语境。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”。]‎ ‎7.A.satisfied B.inspired ‎ C.busy D.lazy 答案　D　[根据句意，认为自己优于他人可能会导致懒惰的思想。故选lazy，意为“懒惰的，不努力的”。satisfied意为“满意的，满足的”；inspired意为“卓越的；激动人心的”；busy意为“忙碌的”。]‎ ‎8.A.nothing B.fun ‎ C.sure D.success 答案　A　[根据句意，认为自己比别人差可能会感觉自己一无是处。故nothing符合语境。]‎ ‎9.A.really B.exactly ‎ C.fully D.actually 答案　B　[根据句意可知，作者说世间没有与我们绝对相似的人，exactly意为“精确地，确切地”，符合语境。really意为“真正地”；fully意为“完全地；充分地”；actually意为“实际上”。]‎ ‎10.A.within B.by ‎ C.for D.to 答案　A　[根据句意，最直接坦率的对比对象就是我们自己，within意为“在……之内”，符合语境。]‎ ‎11.A.instructed B.suggested C.allowed D.directed 答案　C　[此句作者作出让步，提出只有当他人的生活情况与我们一样时，我们才可以与之对比。allow意为“允许”，符合语境。instruct意为“命令，指示”；suggest意为“建议，提议”；direct意为“管理，指导”。]‎ ‎12.A.situation B.position C.occasion D.accommodation 答案　A　[根据句意，如果他们的所处的境况与我们一样，我们才可以进行对比。situation意为“情况，境况”，符合语境。position意为“姿势，姿态”；occasion意为“场合”；accommodation意为“住处；工作场所”。]‎ ‎13.A.diligent B.addicted C.optimistic D.dedicated 答案　A　[根据句意，此处应与前面work hard意思并列或相近，diligent意为“勤奋的，勤勉的”，符合语境。addicted意为“有瘾的，上瘾的”；optimistic意为“乐观的”；dedicated意为“满腔热忱的”。]‎ ‎14.A.bet B.conclude ‎ C.announce D.declare 答案　A　[根据语境，就算目前还没有人比你优秀，但可以肯定的是后来者中必然有能追上你的人。bet在这里是“敢肯定，敢保证”的意思，符合语境。conclude意为“作出……结论；推断出”；announce意为“宣布，宣告”；declare意为“宣布，声明”。]‎ ‎15.A.assistant B.competitor ‎ C.coach D.teacher 答案　B　[根据前文的阐述，作者在此再次强调自己的观点，要跟自己比较，即把自己作为最好的竞争对手。competitor意为“竞争者”，符合语境。assistant意为“助手，助理”；coach意为“教练”；teacher意为“老师”。]‎ ‎16.A.lead B.expose ‎ C.push D.cause 答案　C　[根据句意，超越自我极限是把自己推到更高水平的最佳方式。push意为“推动”，符合语境。lead意为“带路；引领”；expose意为“显露；露出”；cause意为“导致，引起”。]‎ ‎17.A.cares B.says ‎ C.wonders D.asks 答案　A　[作者提倡要同自己比较，当你只能跑8段楼梯时，就别想着去跟能跑15段的人比较，没有人会关心这个。care意为“关心，在意”，符合语境。]‎ ‎18.A.effort B.sense ‎ C.change D.difference 答案　D　[联系上文，作者认为与能跑15段楼梯的人比较是没有任何意义的。make a difference意为“有意义，有影响”，符合语境。effort意为“努力”；sense意为“感觉”；change意为“变化，改变”。]‎ ‎19.A.benefit B.progress ‎ C.habit D.result 答案　B　[根据语境，作者认为自我的进步才是自己最需要的。progress意为“进步”，符合语境。]‎ ‎20.A.tend B.devote ‎ C.commit D.contribute 答案　C　[根据句意，作者提出只要保证每天都进步一点，终究会达到自己人生的顶峰。commit to...意为“保证……”，符合语境。tend to意为“趋向”；devote to...意为“致力于……”；contribute to意为“有助于”。]‎