山西万荣县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解基础演练（五）

山西万荣县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解基础演练（五）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 山西万荣县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解基础演练（五） 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2014·辽宁省大连市高三双基测试) Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own，not because they have no one to travel with，but because they prefer to go alone. Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life.“It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents. In foreign countries，with no one to help you read a map，look after you if you get ill，or lend you money if your wallet is stolen，it is challenging.This is what drives young people to travel alone.It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own. Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year.He set up a website，The Aussie Nomad，to document his adventures.He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier.“The people you meet，the places you visit，or the things you do，everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person，” said the 30yearold man. Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”，which “makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything”．He said，“The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I’m dealing with a difficult task.” “I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.” The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said，“Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.” 1．Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with? A．Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone. B．It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries. C．It is comfortable to travel around without a friend. D．Traveling abroad helps people to find new things. 2．Traveling alone is challenging because________. A．you have to make things on your own B．it is hard for you to prove yourself to others C．you can only depend on yourself whatever happens D．it will finally build your character 3．What can we infer about Chris Richardson? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A．He started traveling alone at an early age. B．He was once shot in the arm. C．He used to work as a salesman. D．His website inspires others a lot. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Travel Abroad B．Travel Unaccompanied C．Travel Light D．Travel Wide and Far 【参考答案】阅读理解 语篇解读 文章介绍了单独旅行的好处、挑战以及感受。 1．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“it is something everyone should do”可知答案为 A。 答案： A 2．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句话“在国外，没有人帮你看地图，你生病的时候没有人 照顾你，你钱包被偷的时候没有人借钱给你，这些都是有挑战性的”可知应选 C。 答案： C 3．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一句话可知 A 项错误，而 C 项正确。根据第五段的第一句话 可知 B 项错误，文章中用的是比喻的修辞手法，并不是胳膊上真的中了一枪；D 项文中未涉及。 答案： C 4．解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“traveling around the world on their own”以及下文 多次出现的 alone 一词可知，B 项最适合作文章标题，其中 unaccompanied“无人陪伴的”与 alone 同义。 答案： B 说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013 安徽名校联盟高三第一次联考)改编 Well, to pick up where we left off last time, I believe now we might all agree that self-improvement is of great benefit for each of us. However, there are lots of stops along the road to self-improvement, which often calls for patience, emotional strength and kindness.With concentrated effort, you can become a better person than you ever thought possible. 1. .Nice people always put themselves in the other person’s shoes. If the service is a little slow, maybe it’s because the waitress has been standing for 8 hours and her back and feet are aching.Perhaps her little baby isn’t feeling well and she got very little sleep the night before.In a word, you never know the full story from a brief meeting with a person. 2.Be a reasonable man. Service-centered businesses often live by the idea “The Customer is Always Right.” They’re totally mistaken. The customer is not always right; sometimes the customer 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 is quite difficult to deal with. You do not “deserve” a free meal because the waitress forgot to bring you a spoon. If you have a grievance, let it out, but be reasonable. 3.Fight fairly. When arguing with another person, stick to the subject. Present the facts briefly, and don’t bring up unrelated incidents that happened 4 weeks from last Tuesday. Never hesitate to create a chance for other people to voice their opinions. They are just as important as yours. 4.Put others first. Let the troubled-looking Mom have the parking space. Stand a few extra seconds holding the door for an elderly person. Don’t interrupt people when they’re speaking, or finish their sentences for them. Such small things, yet the effects are immediate and far-reaching.Nice people make a concentrated effort to be kind and put others needs above their own.Stop a moment and think how you can help someone, and you’ll become a nicer person. 1.What might the speaker most probably discuss last time?( ) A.The origin of self-improvement. B.The process of self-improvement. C.The structure of self-improvement. D.The importance of self-improvement. 2.The best title for the second paragraph is “ ”. A.Be understanding B.Stay calm C.Be positive D.Be merciless 3.The underlined word “grievance” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to . A.mistake B.complaint C.commitment D.decision 4.Which of the following may the speaker support? ( ) A.Learn to share the other person’s point of view. B.Put forward relevant facts in detail when arguing. C.Make your voice heard when others are speaking. D.Involve your own matters with others’ when arguing. 语篇解读:自我提高是非常重要的,本文的作者就如何自我提高,成为一个受欢迎的人提出了宝贵的建 议。 答案及剖析:1.D 推理判断题。由第一段的第一句话...to pick up where we left off last time, I believe now we might all agree that self-improvement is of great benefit for each of us...可 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 知,作者上一次的话题是关于自我提高的重要性的,故选 D 项。 2.A 主旨大意题。由该段的内容可知,作者建议人们做一个善解人意的,为他人考虑的人,故选 A 项。 3.B 词义猜测题。由此处的语境可知,如果你在饭馆吃饭的时候有不满的地方可以提出来,但是要合情 合理,故选 B 项。 4.A 细节理解题。由作者提出的几点建议的内容可知 A 项正确。由第四段的 Present the facts briefly, and don’t bring up unrelated incidents that happened...和 Never hesitate to create a chance for other people to voice their opinions 以及第五段的Don’t interrupt people when they’re speaking... 可知 B、C、D 三项与作者的观点背道而驰。 【疑难词汇解读】 1.reasonable adj.合理的,公道的;有理性的 I bought the car at a reasonable price. 我以合理的价格买的这辆车。 2.far-reaching adj. 深远的,广泛的 What he said at the meeting has a far-reaching effect on us. 他在会上说的话对我们有深远的影响。 【长难句子分析】 然而,在自我提高的过程中会有很多需要耐心、感情力量和善良的地方。 2015 高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2015·江苏】D Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization. C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power. 66.People believing in freedom are those who________ . A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity 67.What change in attitude took place in Athens? A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility. B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city. C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government. D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business. 68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Athens would continue to be free. B. Athens would cease to have freedom. C. Freedom would come from responsibility. D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence. 69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison? A. The author is hopeful about freedom. B. The author is cautious about self-government. C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. D. The author is proud of man’s capacity. 70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom? A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age. B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age. C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility. D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 69.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有 因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选 A 项。 70.D 观点态度题。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论，故选 D 项。 【考点定位】历史文化类说明文阅读 【名师点睛】 英语阅读属于跨文化交际活动,除语言因素外,它还受到中西文化差异的影响。考生既要扎实 书本知识，也要广泛阅读，不断提高自己的知识广度，有意识地多了解文化背景知识，多关注社会热点，这 样才能做到游刃有余。