【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读史地常识类（含详细解析）（39页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读史地常识类（含详细解析）（39页）

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题阅读史地常识类 观点态度题解题技巧 ‎【命题探究】‎ 这类题主要考查考生能否正确判断出作者写这篇文章的目的或作者对所描述的事件的真正看法，所以，解题时考生应重点关注短文最后一段中含有结论性的词语，以获得解题的关键信息。‎ 主要设题形式：‎ The attitude of the author towards something is ________．‎ The writer of the passage seems to think that ________．‎ What is the author’s opinion on cramming? ‎ What’s the writer’s attitude towards...? ‎ What do we know about somebody in the passage? ‎ Somebody can be said________．‎ What does the author think about the present generation?‎ ‎1．要学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章，以议论文为主，文章的主题句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度、立场；说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者往往采取中立态度；记叙文，因为作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以考生在读这种体裁的文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感、态度的词或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、表达情感或态度的词句。 ‎ ‎2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：‎ ‎(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 positive积极的，乐观的； supportive支持的； optimistic乐观的；‎ ‎ humorous幽默的； serious严肃的； enthusiastic热情的； pleasant愉快的； concerned关切的等。‎ ‎(2)表示中立的词语 ‎ indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的，中立的； uninterested不感兴趣的； neutral中立的； impersonal冷淡的； subjective主观的； objective客观的等。‎ ‎(3)表示反对或否定的词语 ‎ disgusted憎恶的；厌恶的； critical批评的； negative否定的，消极的； suspicious怀疑的； tolerant容忍的； disappointed失望的； ironic讽刺的； sarcastic挖苦的等。 ‎ ‎(4)表示情感的词语 ‎ bitter令人不快的，由痛苦引起的； sentimental伤感的； emotional情绪激动的； angry气愤的等。 ‎ ‎【典例】　‎ As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries，a new electrical generating(发电) and transmission(输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West，for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery，but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.‎ ‎...‎ The money set aside in negotiated trade－offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.‎ What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants? ‎ A．Cautious. B．Approving.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving.‎ 解析　根据第一段中的．..will leave a lasting mark on the West；The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines...；以及最后一段最后一句话可知，作者对建太阳能发电站是持赞成态度的。‎ 答案　B 做好观点态度题，从下面两点着手：‎ ‎1．关注主题句，全面理解文章的内容及中心思想，同时注意把握文章的体裁。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to persuade)；议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue)；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，使大家广闻博见(to inform)。‎ ‎2．在判断的过程中，我们应特别注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。千万不能主观臆想、凭空想象、随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。在很多文章中，作者对人物或事件有明显的情感倾向，事件中人物与人物之间也会存在相互的评价等。准确地把握人物的情感、态度有利于从整体上理解文章的写作意图及从细节上理解人物之间的关系和事件发生的前因后果。‎ ‎(2016·四川高考)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet, people in this area are in fact ‎ French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory, they should live by the French law.However, their remote locations mean that the French Law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250，000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ His black－and－white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self－supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎1．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ A．They seldom follow the French law.‎ B．They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C．They are separated from the modern world.‎ D．They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ ‎2．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as ________．‎ A．a tour guide B．a geographer C．a film director D．a photographer ‎3．What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．The modern French lifestyle.‎ B．The self－supporting world.‎ C．The uncivilized hunting.‎ D．The French Republic.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2015·四川高考)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll.Long－ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.‎ ‎“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.‎ People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there’s no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.‎ The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板)．Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated__the__paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.‎ Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.‎ However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things？’ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．‎ So he tried it．‎ He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30－kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.‎ They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.‎ West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.‎ ‎1．It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________．‎ A．rolling them on roads B．pushing them over the sand C．sliding them on smooth paths D．dragging them on some poles ‎2．The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means________．‎ A．made the paths wet B．made the paths hard C．made the paths wide D．made the paths slippery ‎3．What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?‎ A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.‎ B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.‎ C．Rolling poles to move the blocks.‎ D．Rolling the blocks with fat.‎ ‎4．Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?‎ A．Because more force is needed for sliding.‎ B．Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.‎ C．Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.‎ D．Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.‎ ‎5．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2015·福建高考)Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It’s an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength.Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.‎ Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管) of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you!‎ If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend.Plan to go for a jog ‎ together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!‎ Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.‎ ‎1．The first paragraph focuses on ________．‎ A．the greatest challenge of group exercise B．the most effective way to improve physical fitness C．the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D．the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups ‎2．The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．cheerful B．average C．serious D．temporary ‎3．When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary ________．‎ A．to sustain a colorful lifestyle B．to party on weekends with positive people C．to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D．to surround yourself with supportive people ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Seeking Support B．Supporting Health C．Improving Your Strength D．Building Up Fitness Passage 3‎ ‎(2015·湖北高考)Hilversum is a medium－sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland，the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of island.Once called the Garden of Amsterdam，it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness.For Dutch people，Hilversum is all about textile(纺织)and media industries，and modern architecture.‎ In history，Hilversum was largely an agricultural area.Daily life was marked by farming，sheep raising and wool production.A railway link to Amsterdam is 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum.They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town.One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers，currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.But the textile boom lasted only several decades.The last factory closed in the 1960s.‎ The change to a media economy started in 1920，when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek(NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town.Television gave another push to the local economy.Hilbersum became the media capital of the Netherlands，and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.‎ In the early 1900s，modern architects W．M.Dudok and J．Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum.These modern architectural masterpieces(杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum.Dudok alone shaped ‎ most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics.His masterpiece，Hilversum Tower Hall，was built in 19281931.It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”．Actually，one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W．M.Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.‎ ‎1．Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ________．‎ A．it has a large population B．it is cut off from big cities C．it has many beautiful gardens ‎ D．it is in a hilly area with sandy soil ‎2．What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?‎ A．Building a railway link to Amsterdam.‎ B．Helping its textile industry to develop.‎ C．Constructing large villas for the poor.‎ D．Assisting its agricultural industry.‎ ‎3．The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ________．‎ A．a radio factory B．the media capital C．a radio station ‎ D．a TV station ‎4．What is known about W．M.Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?‎ A．It consists of approximately 75 buildings.‎ B．It looks like an open air museum in the city.‎ C．It is a classic example in architecture textbooks.‎ D．It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.‎ Passage 4‎ ‎(2015·安徽高考)There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.‎ In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.‎ In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take__on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.‎ Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect ‎ from its individual parts.‎ ‎1．We can learn from the passage that ants are________．‎ A．not willing to share food ‎ B．not found around the poles C．more successful than all other animals ‎ D．too many to achieve any level of organization ‎2．Ants can use pheromones for________．‎ A．escape B．communication ‎ C．warning enemies D．arranging labor ‎3．What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Accept. B．Employ. ‎ C．Play with. D．Fight against.‎ ‎4．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? ‎ A．Their behavior. B．Their size. ‎ C．Their number. D．Their weight Passage 5‎ ‎(2014·安徽高考)You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty (贫困)and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising“changemakers”seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.‎ Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy，healthy，contributing adult.In fact，it is many young people’s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city，helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.‎ When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets，attracting rats and disease，they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆肥)this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first，they were refused，but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made，the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14，000.‎ Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious，practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.‎ ‎1．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Changemakers B．Businessmen C．Social Conditions D．Rubbish Problem ‎2．The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“________”．‎ A．the local farmers ‎ B．Masqsood and Iftekhar C．Drayton and his team ‎ D．the poor people in Dhaka ‎3．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he ________．‎ A．considers Drayton’s concept B．gets permission from Ashoka C．tries to improve social conditions D．is a young，happy and healthy adult ‎4．The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as ________．‎ A．changing B．forgiving ‎ C．cautious D．positive Passage 6‎ ‎(2014·湖北高考)You’ve flown halfway around the world；you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of；so what on earth is there to do here？You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.‎ It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out，it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.‎ Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin，about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok，down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place，and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.‎ There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It’s what this place offers，and it’s free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.‎ It’s early afternoon，so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening.Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order.No menu here.‎ There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm，clear blue sea.There’s no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.‎ For now you just count your blessings (福祉)，listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾)．You don’t have to worry about being late for work.You don’t have to do anything.‎ The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线)，slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re－emerge again on your left，now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right；it’s unbroken，endless.No start，no end，just sand，sun，and peace.Step off it，and you re－enter the world of traffic，stress，work，and hurry.‎ Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes，but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and，in the right frame of mind，it stretches all the way around the world.‎ ‎“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.‎ ‎1．When the author first went to Huaplee Beach，_________.‎ A．he found it unworthwhile B．he failed to sort himself out C．he became sensitive to smell D．he had difficulty in finding it ‎2．What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?‎ A．No menu. B．Free food.‎ C．Self service. D．Quick delivery.‎ ‎3．In the author’s opinion，a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ________．‎ A．sits in a beach chair B．forgets his daily routine C．plans a detailed schedule D．draws pictures in the sand ‎4．What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?‎ A．He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.‎ B．He should have understood the wonder of nature.‎ C．He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.‎ D．He should have come to the place earlier.‎ Passage 7‎ ‎(2014·辽宁高考)Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?‎ UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest，Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact，the__opposite__is__true：trees survive through their cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”．‎ Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks，making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains，and when one tree is destroyed，it affects all.‎ Simard talks about“mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.‎ ‎“We didn’t take any notice of it”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.‎ ‎1．The underlined sentence“the opposite is true”in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________．‎ A．compete for survival B．protect their own wealth C．depend on each other D．provide support for dying trees ‎2．“Mother trees”are extremely important because they ________．‎ A．look the largest in size in the forest B．pass on nutrition to young trees C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans D．know more about the complex“tree societies”‎ ‎3．The underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refers to ________．‎ A．how“tree societies”work B．how trees grow old C．how forestry industry develops D．how young trees survive ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B．Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D．Trees Contribute To Our Society Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·邢台摸底)The ancient city of Chichen Itza in southern Mexico was one of the most powerful cities and one of the most powerful ancient cultures—the Maya.But today, no one lives there.It is only a group of old buildings. However, people from around the world still come to see it. People come to learn about its ancient culture, and the culture of the Mayan people.‎ The Mayan culture began almost 3，000 years ago and grew in parts of Central America. But about 1，000 years ago a group called the Itza invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.They named the city Chichen Itza，which means “mouth of the well of the Itza”．‎ The most interesting structure in Chichen Itza is the Pyramid of Kukulcan (库库尔坎金字塔)，whose four sides all come together at one point at the top.Each side on the Pyramid of Kukulcan has 91 steps.And there is one more step at the top of the pyramid.The steps are as many as the days of a year.Some experts believe the Maya could have used this building to help them know when to plant crops.Each day the sun ‎ falls on a different step of the pyramid, which could be a way to follow the year.‎ The people of Chichen Itza especially designed one building to observe and study the movement of the stars and planets. Experts say that the observatory (天文台) is one of the most complex structures the Maya built. A set of steps went up and around the observatory tower. And there were windows in the tower. Each window had a purpose. Experts believe that a person looking through one of these windows could see particular stars on particular dates. The Maya might have believed that studying the stars could tell them the future.‎ Chichen Itza is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and an important part of the world’s history.‎ ‎1．Visitors came to the city of Chichen Itza to ________．‎ A．view its beautiful scenery B．experience and explore the Mayan culture C．study and observe stars on the observatory D．learn something about when to plant crops ‎2．Why did the invaders name the city “mouth of the well of the Itza”？‎ A．Because natural wells can be seen in the city.‎ B．Because the city is large in size.‎ C．Because the city is newly－built.‎ D．Because its location is vital.‎ ‎3．Which of the following is true?‎ A．Chichen Itza is one of the world heritages today.‎ B．The Pyramid of Kukulcan has 364 steps.‎ C．Windows in the tower predict the weather in the future.‎ D．The city of Chichen Itza has a long history of 3，000 years.‎ ‎4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?‎ A．To evaluate the Mayan culture.‎ B．To persuade readers to pay a visit to the Pyramid of Kukulcan.‎ C．To introduce the ancient city of Chichen Itza.‎ D．To present the development of the Mayan constructions.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2017·山西四校联考二)In addition to seeing wonderful films, one of the joys of coming to the Quad Cinema is to hang out in the area. The Quad Cinema is located right in the heart of Greenwich Village, perhaps the most charming and interesting neighborhood in the city. Here are some attractions we recommend, all within a comfortable walk from the Quad Cinema：‎ Washington Square As one of the best－known of New York City’s 1，900 public parks, it is a landmark in the Manhattan neighborhood of Greenwich Village, as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity. Come on a Sunday when it’s most lively and festive.‎ New York University It surrounds Washington Square. See the impressive Bobst Library and visit the amazing bookstores. NYU is now considered one of the most powerful universities in the world.‎ Judson Memorial Church Located in the south of Washington Square between Thompson Street and Sullivan Street, opposite Washington Square Park, this beautiful church was completed in ‎ 1892.The Judson Memorial Church is most famous for its vocal participation in social events.‎ Washington Mews It is a hidden, private street in New York City between Fifth Avenue and University Place, just north of Washington Square Park. It was first developed as a mews(马厩街) that serviced horses from homes in the area. Since the 1950s the former stables have served as housing, offices and other facilities for New York University.‎ Jefferson Market Courthouse Built in 1833 as a market, it was later changed to a courthouse, and in the 1950s it was emptied and close to being destroyed. It was saved and turned into a library. Many consider it to be the most beautiful building in the village.‎ ‎1．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?‎ A．To introduce some attractions around the Quad Cinema.‎ B．To suggest the Quad Cinema is the best place.‎ C．To imply the Quad Cinema attracts a lot of customers.‎ D．To tell readers to enjoy their life fully.‎ ‎2．The author mentions Washington Square because ________．‎ A．it is in the center of Greenwich Village B．it has a history of more than 100 years C．it is a landmark in the Manhattan neighborhood D．it has witnessed so many political incidents ‎3．Where is Judson Memorial Church?‎ A．In the south of Washington Square.‎ B．Behind Washington Square Park.‎ C．Opposite Thompson Street.‎ D．Close to New York University.‎ ‎4．When Washington Mews came into being，________．‎ A．it was designed for a university B．it was intended for keeping horses C．it was filled with free facilities D．it was used as a park for horses Passage 3‎ Tea production in Sri Lanka has thrived for decades. The tea gardens in Hatton, Sri Lanka are actually large tea estates. The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds and the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants.The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.‎ Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates prefer to employ women pickers because they are more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plants, which are the parts used for processing tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings. A skilled worker can harvest between 9 and 14 kilograms of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days.‎ Processing tea shoots into our familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill. There are various methods of processing depending on the type of tea required. For black tea, the young green leaves are first spread out on shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this, the leaves are ‎ passed through heavy rollers. This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both its color and taste. Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment (发酵)under wet conditions. Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea.The fermented leaves are then dried with a hot－air blower until they become rolled－up black leaves. The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready for sale to countries all over the world.‎ ‎1．The underlined word “Pruning” means “________”．‎ A．reasonable use of chemicals B．frequent watering C．regular cutting of the plants D．loosening the soil ‎2．How many processing steps are mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.‎ ‎3．What does the author imply in the passage?‎ A．Fermentation is a must to keep the color of black tea.‎ B．Tea production has long been prosperous in Sri Lanka.‎ C．Women pickers are welcomed because they can easily find the twin leaves.‎ D．Tea pickings can be done biweekly.‎ Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·吉林九校摸底二)According to the US Geological Survey，about seven million earthquakes strike worldwide every year—but fortunately，only about 1，500 of these are of a magnitude(震级) of 5 or greater on the Richter scale.Certain areas，such as ‎ California and Japan，are more prone__to earthquakes than others.Although the chance of being caught in “The Big one” is remote，it’s wise to be prepared if you live in a region where earthquakes are common.‎ Educate your family about earthquakes before a big one strikes.For example，they need to know to take shelter in a doorway or under a strong object if indoors，and never to run outdoors if they are inside.If outside，they need to know to stay away from power lines and buildings where objects could fall.‎ Teach family members how to turn off gas or water lines or electrical power that may need to be shut off after a quake if severe damage occurs.‎ Develop a plan.Where will your family meet in the event of a disaster? What if some people are at work or school? How will you know if they are safe? Where will you all meet up?‎ Pack a preparedness kit(衣物装备) and keep it in a safe location.In a major earthquake，it’s possible that you won’t be able to get into your house.Keep supplies in your car trunk or an outside storage shed if possible.Pack whatever your family is likely to need，enough for three days to a week，including food，water，medication，first aid and personal hygiene supplies，flashlights，a portable radio，blankets，clothes and shoes，cash，or camp stove，candles，matches or lighters，and a whistle.‎ Consider earthquake insurance for your home if you live in an earthquake－prone area.Regular homeowner’s insurance doesn’t cover earthquake damage.‎ ‎1．The underlined words “prone to ” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by ________.‎ A．likely to suffer B．frequent to explore C．regular to measure D．impossible to experience ‎2．According to the passage，if you are outside in an earthquake，you should ________.‎ A．stay where you are B．hide under a big tree C．avoid power lines D．sit on the ground ‎3．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．about 1，500 earthquakes happen every year B．people should store some clothes in their houses in advance C．family members should meet in their home after an earthquake D．people suffering earthquakes often should buy earthquake insurance ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake B．How to Prepare for an Earthquake C．Who Can Help Us after an Earthquake?‎ D．Where Is an Earthquake－prone Area?‎ Passage 2‎ ‎(2017·辽宁沈阳质检二)Copenhagen has been the capital of Denmark for 600 years and is also the largest city in Scandinavia，but it hasn’t let these high－ranking facts go to its urban head—the city remains a low－level approach to the modernization.From the harbor you can get a feel for the attractive “city of green spires (尖塔)”．In cloudy weather，the copper－covered spires of old castles and churches lend the city a dreamlike atmosphere.You’ll think you’ve stepped into a watercolor painting.‎ Architecturally，Copenhagen has more than its share of interesting sights，from the palace of Christiansborg Slot to the scenic tower of Vor Frelsers Kirke.The Danish capital pretty much covers all the needs of the international visitors，and does it in a typical Scandinavian way.‎ Copenhagen got its name from the word kbenhavn，which means “merchants’ harbor”．It grew in size and importance because of its position on the body of water between Denmark and Sweden，guarding the entrance to the Baltic.‎ From its humble (低下的) beginnings，Copenhagen has become the largest city in Scandinavia，home to 1.5 million people.It’s the seat of one of the oldest kingdoms in the world.‎ Over the centuries，Copenhagen has suffered more than its share of disasters.In the 17th century the Swedes repeatedly besieged it，and in the 18th century it suffered the plague(瘟疫) and two destructive fires.Its last major disaster occurred in 1940 when the Nazis invaded Denmark and seized it until 1945 when the British army moved in again，this time as liberators.‎ Copenhagen still has some of the characteristics of a village.If you forget the suburbs，you can cover most of the central belt on foot，making it a great place to visit.‎ ‎1．Which aspect about the city in Paragraph 1 is the most impressive according to the writer? ‎ A．Its modernization. B．Its cloudy weather.‎ C．Its large size. D．Its beautiful sight.‎ ‎2．Which of the following topics are mentioned in the passage?‎ ‎①population　②history　③agriculture　④architecture ‎⑤tradition A．①②④ B．②③④ C．③④⑤ D．①②⑤ ‎ ‎3．The underlined word “besieged” in Paragraph 5 probably means“________”．‎ A．helped and rescued ‎ B．built up good relations with ‎ C．surrounded and attacked D．signed agreements with ‎ Passage 3‎ ‎(2017·重庆名校联盟联考)The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation’s largest city.‎ The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York.It cost $7，143，789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges (过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121，461，891.‎ For a hundred years before the Erie was built，people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clinton’s Ditch (沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.‎ Clinton became Governor of New York in 1817，and shortly afterwards, on July 4，1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N. Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.‎ ‎1．We can see that the Erie Canal ________．‎ A．joined the Great Lakes together B．crossed New York from north to south C．played an important part in developing New York City D．was the first waterway built in the US ‎2．It can be inferred that ________ into the Atlantic Ocean.‎ A．the Great Lakes flow B．the Hudson River flows C．Lake Erie flows D．the Erie Canal flows ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114，000，000.‎ B．It’s 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the atlantic Ocean.‎ C．The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.‎ D．Many other states helped New York built the canal.‎ ‎4．We can draw a conclusion that ________， according to the passage.‎ A．Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends B．Clinton started building the canal before he became Governor C．all parts of the canal were completed at the same time D．construction of the canal took eight years 答案及解析 ‎1．2016年高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文。作者Peter Hodes是一名干细胞快递员。他在文中讲述了遭遇飓风之后的一次非同寻常的投递经历。‎ ‎1．B　词义推断题。由下文及作者在机场的经历可知，他是一名志愿者，从事干细胞递送的工作。所以答案为B。]‎ ‎2．D　事实细节题。根据“...because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.”一句可知，用于冷藏干细胞的两个冰块42小时之后就会融化，因此正确答案为D。]‎ ‎3．B　事实细节题。由第二段可知，由于没有飞往华盛顿的航班，航空公司为作者安排了一架小型飞机。根据“...re－routed me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than original scheduled.”一句可知答案非B莫属。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Eudora Welty在纽约请朋友吃饭时发生的有趣的故事。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句．..another customer was approaching their table.和第三段中的When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.可知两个陌生人加入了她们。故选A。]‎ ‎2．D　词义猜测题。根据上一句“My friends said：‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added.和本句中的动词write. 可知，them代替是stories。故选D。]‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t have to.”推知，Welty小说中的人物都来自现实生活。故选C。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了飓风桑迪袭击 Rockaway之后，志愿者立即行动起来，帮助救灾。在他们的影响下Natalie Doan创办了一个网站，帮助幸存者与志愿者建立联系，从而在救灾中发挥了重要作用。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句话When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.可知飓风过后，当Natalie回到Rockaway 时，她发现她的街区被毁了。in ruins相当于B选项中的was destroyed，故选B项。]‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.可知激励Natalie的是帮助Rockaway镇重建的人们。A项和原文同义，故选A。]‎ ‎3．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的第一句话She created a website page，matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.以及倒数第二段的第一句话In the coming months her website page helped lots of kids.可知Natalie通过创建一个网页为需要帮助的人提供援助。由此可以推出她建立一个信息分享平台。故选D项。]‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Rockaway被飓风桑迪袭击后，包括主人公Natalie在内的许多人，例如：志愿者、邻居等普通人通过各种途径帮助Rockaway重建的故事。体现了Little people can make a big difference的主题。故选A。]‎ ‎2．经典高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他购买的一台电视机所带来的一系列烦恼的故事。‎ ‎1. C　推理判断题。根据“...newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy－five dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可以以更低的价格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。]‎ ‎2．A　‎ 词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知，我没有彻夜播放电影的频道，不然就无法睡觉了。据此可以推断作者一直看到一天的节目结束为止。故A项为正确答案。]‎ ‎3．D　事实细节题。由短文最后“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62.”一句可知，作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。纵览全文，尤其是第二段末句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles，shaking my set.”(通过摇晃电视机，我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)，字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　小狗Judy在追赶一只绵羊的过程中掉下了悬崖，所有的人都以为它死了，可是两个星期后，主人被告知它还活着。‎ ‎1．D　细节事实题。根据第一段的信息可以知道，Judy在追赶它平生遇到的第一只绵羊的时候迷失了方向，掉下了悬崖。]‎ ‎2．A　细节事实题。根据倒数第三段的第一句话，可以看出一位拿着望远镜的观鸟者发现了Judy。]‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的信息可以知道，Judy最初失去了知觉，但是苏醒之后，他依靠悬崖下的一条小溪里的水存活，也许还吃掉了同样不慎落下悬崖的一只羊，但是能够存活两个星期，它的确是很幸运。C项正确。B项中说Judy是被带到乡下打猎的，文章中没有提及，Judy追赶绵羊，是天性使然，根据文中的第一句she did what comes naturally可知。]‎ ‎4．D　标题概括题。本文描写一只小狗Judy在掉下悬崖后，奇迹般生还的故事，只有D项 Coming Back from the Dead从死亡线上生还最为贴切。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】‎ ‎　本文是一篇记叙文，作者一家人在海边拍照的时候，突然看见一头由于饥饿寒冷而表现不正常的熊。这头熊向作者及其家人发起了攻击。文章重点讲述了作者和熊斗争的过程，熊在攻破了一个防护即三脚架之后，在最后时刻停了下来，作者虽然受了一点点伤，但却因为自己的镇静而救了全家。‎ 本文的线索是：作者知道熊有一个特点：An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.一头有攻击性的熊通常会冲向它的敌人以把他们吓跑，但是可能会突然在最后的时刻停止。最后作者发表感想I’m proud that my family remained clear－headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.我很骄傲，因为当惊慌可能导致一个完全与众不同结局的时候，我的家人们保持了头脑清醒。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill.中的“for the kill”和下面的故事情节可知熊要发起攻击。]‎ ‎2．A　推理判断题。根据第二段提到的熊的一个特点：An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.和第五段Then，as suddenly as it had begun，the fight ended.The bear moved back towards the forest，before returning for another attack—the first time I felt panic.可知答案。即熊是在感受到自己能够把敌人吓跑的时候，也就是感觉安全的时候选择停止。]‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段I’m proud that my family remained clear－headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.其中clear－headed“头脑清醒的”与C选项calmness“镇静”是近义词。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】　作者通过和一个小男孩相处的故事，告诉我们，大声地批评和恐吓调皮的孩子只能使事情变得更糟糕，给予孩子更多的时间和宽容可以使事情变得好起来。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.”可知，老师让他做他不喜欢的事情。]‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段第2至3行But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection，and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.可知作者一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行为是因为这是孩子特有的表达方式，作者要做的不是批评、要求孩子，而是耐心地等孩子平静下来。同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster相对应。故选A。]‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句I believe that if I had criticized him，the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.答案为D。]‎ ‎4．B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize可知男孩要向老师道歉，为自己之前的行为感到后悔，故选B。]‎ ‎【模拟试题精练】‎ ‎1．2017年模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。动物有许多奇怪的睡眠习惯——鸟儿在飞翔时睡觉，棕色蝙蝠每天要睡大约19.5个小时，长颈鹿数周不休息，海豚和鲸在睡觉时保持一半的大脑清醒。‎ ‎1．A　词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“sleeping for around 19.5 hours per day”可知，这种棕色蝙蝠每天会睡大约19.5个小时，据此可以判断，这种蝙蝠整天昏昏欲睡，故画线词意为“昏昏欲睡的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不活跃的”；C项意为“充满活力的”；D项意为“可移动的”。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This long period of sleep is thought to be a way of conserving energy and it means brown bats only hunt for a few hours each night”可知，棕色蝙蝠长时间的睡眠可以保存能量，以使它们能在数小时的猎食中保持体能，故B项正确。]‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的“dolphins and whales sleep while ‎ keeping half of their brain alert(警觉的)，so they don’t drown”可知，海豚通过保持一半的大脑警觉，以使自己不至于被淹死，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“While sea otters aren’t alert when they sleep，they form rafts so they are not separated from each other”可知，海獭尽管在睡觉时并不警觉，但是它们一起漂浮在水上，互不分开，故C项正确。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文介绍了一种新的工作模式——Hoffice，即把家当成办公室，邀请一些人一起来工作。在Hoffice中办公的人们每45分钟就会有10到15分钟的休息时间，用来做运动，冥想或沟通交流，然后再返回到原来的状态去工作。最重要的是这种办公室免费使用。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的最后一句But renting a co－working space does cost money，并由下文的内容可推断建立Hoffice其实就是为了为这些在一起工作的人提供一个免费的能一起工作的地方，故选D。]‎ ‎2．B　段落大意题。根据第三段的内容，可知本段主要介绍了在这个Hoffice中人们的日常工作是如何进行的，故选C。]‎ ‎3．A　推理判断题。根据第四段中这些自由职业者所说得的话some freelancers describe，“By working at Hoffice，we give ourselves and each other the gift to spend our days in a social working environment，where we are extremely productive without ignoring our other human needs”，可推断A选项的叙述是正确的。故选A。]‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was a great success，and the project has since spread to a number of cities in Europe，North and South America，Australia，India and Japan.Anyone can sign up and offer their home space as a free co－working space，or go find a Hoffice near them”，可推断这种办公室越来越受欢迎，故选A。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了作者在7岁的时候，发现了一个 奇怪的现象——家乡的蝙蝠都不见了。后来在11岁的时候作者才得知一种叫做“白鼻综合症”的疾病导致了蝙蝠的消失。于是作者利用各种方式来教育人们来了解蝙蝠对人的益处。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“A disease called ‘white nose syndrome’ had killed 93 percent of New York State’s bats.”可知一种叫做“白鼻综合症”的疾病导致了蝙蝠的消失。故答案选A。]‎ ‎2．B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后“...，asking if they could do a show on bats.”可知要求做一场关于蝙蝠的电台节目。故 B项正确。]‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But I still wanted to find a way to educate people face to face.”以及下文可知作者利用各种方式来教育人们来了解蝙蝠对人的益处。故答案选D。]‎ ‎4．A　猜测词义题。根据最后一段“But I refused to take ‘no’ for an answer.”和后面的“and they finally said yes！”可知作者一直在努力说服他们一直到他们同意。故答案A项正确。]‎ ‎2．经典模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇新闻报道，James Franco经历了一次电击事故后，失明、失聪近十年，但是后来被闪电击中后他奇迹般地恢复了视力和听力。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life”可知，失去视力和听力导致James Franco生活在黑暗和无声的世界中，这种痛苦导致他几度要自杀，即B项正确。]‎ ‎2．A　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet，but he was struck by the lightning”可知，James Franco被闪电击中时，他正在树下躲雨。即A项正确。]‎ ‎3．B　考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“However，none of them could give a compelling answer as to why this should happen.The only reasonable explanation”可知，compelling和reasonable意义相近，画线词所在句的句意为：然而，关于为什么竟然会发生这样的事情，没有人能给出一个令人信服的答案。即B项正确。]‎ ‎4．D　考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述了James Franco被闪电袭击之后奇迹般地恢复了视力和听力的故事，故D项作文章标题最合适。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述的是中国七夕爱情漂流瓶漂洋过海到达英国的故事。‎ ‎1．B　细节推断题。根据第三段可知，既然信是农历七月初七写的，那么可能是在六天前，也就是阴历8月23日寄出的，故收到是8月29日。]‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段Nicola MacFarlane，41，and daughter Lucy，four，from Portobello，near Edinburgh，were looking for driftwood on Portobello Beach when they came across an old glass bottle可知，41岁的Nicola MacFarlane和女儿正在寻找浮木时，发现漂流瓶。]‎ ‎3．D　词义猜测题。根据第三段It was written on Chinese Valentine’s Day or Qixi Festival可知是用中文写的。]‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段Nicola said，“It sounds to me like the couple are in love but cannot be together so they have sent the message to tell the world of their love.”可知，听起来像是一对相爱的情侣却不能在一起，所以他们通过漂流瓶来告诉全世界他们的爱。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述的是作者的儿子去游泳时救人的故事。在母亲的眼里，他的儿子做的事情是意想不到的，并且他很勇敢。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据Most of the kids swim there，and there are plenty of rocks ‎ for them to use as safe harbors，so I had no fears for his safety.可知选D。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据But my eyes begged for an explanation，I didn’t get it from my son，however，who__tends__to__play__his__cards__close__to__his__vest．可知，划线部分的意思是Anton不愿意告诉别人他在想什么。]‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据Still shocked by my son’s daring，I drove him home.可知，在母亲的眼里，他的儿子做的事情是意想不到的，并且很勇敢。]‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述的是作者的儿子救人的故事。]‎ ‎❼史地常识类 ‎【高考真题演练】‎ ‎1．2016年高考真题 ‎【语篇导读】　法属圭亚那是法国领土的一部分，那里由一套单独适用该地的“法律”机制在运行，而这套规则并不是大家所看到的由法国统一颁布的法律。一位叫Gin的法国人记录了那里的生活状况，Gin拍摄的作品非常有张力和一种历史深邃感。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句“Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.”可知作者对这些土著人“无法无天”感到惊讶。]‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据第四段“ I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life”可知，Gin是作为一名摄影师来记录土著人的生活的。]‎ ‎3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段“I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”可知Gin对土著人的生活的评价是积极的，他在那里长时间拍摄并对法属圭亚那人有深厚的感情。]‎ ‎4．A　代词指代题。代词it指代前面提到的the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，因此选A。]‎ ‎2．经典高考真题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的 The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths，可知选择C。 ]‎ ‎2．D　词义猜测题。根据第四段的To make the work easier以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。]‎ ‎3．A　代词指代题。由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知工人把木料绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。]‎ ‎4．D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选择D。]‎ ‎5．D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法，故选择D。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　说明文，本文描述了群体健身对于我们保持一种健康的生活方式和心理状态有很大的益处。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，研究表明，群体健身不仅对改善身体健康有益处，而且能有效的改善心理健康。]‎ ‎2．A　词义猜测题。根据If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track.可以判断upbeat应该是bored的反义词。]‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知，如果你想得到相应的情绪支 持，你就该让自己环绕在有积极思维的人身边。]‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。本文对群体健身的益处进行了阐述和论证，因此，群体健身也是支持健康的一种方式。对应B项。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文为说明文。介绍了荷兰中等城市Hilversum。这座城市以纺织和新闻业著称，也是当代建筑业的典范。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。第一段第二句unlike mostly the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.Hilversum是一座在山区由岛屿土壤组成的城市，可知答案为D。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。由第二段可知，他们在纺织业巨大成功后搬到Hilversum，并促成了纺织业的繁荣。也就是促进了纺织业的发展。]‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。由第三段第一句established a radio factory建立了一个无线电工厂。可知A是正确的。]‎ ‎4．C　细节理解题。第四段第五句可知，它具有国际声望，收录在许多建筑教科书中。可知C正确。]‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【语篇导读】 文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影。因为他们集体的智慧远远大于人们的预期。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。由第一段except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles可知。]‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。由第二段Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone可知。]‎ ‎3．D　考查词义猜测。根据下文的 attack和defeat可知。]‎ ‎4．A　考查推理判断。由Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner可知。]‎ Passage 5‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述了阿育王采取措施鼓励改革的事情。‎ ‎1．A　主旨大意题。文章讲述了阿育王鼓励改革，并且为改革提供了经济支持，所以文章的标题应该是“改革者”。故选A。]‎ ‎2．D　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“So they educated the poor people...in the soil over the years”可知them指穷人。故选D。]‎ ‎3．C　事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“Ashoka provides money...every citizen is a changemaker.”可知只要大胆尝试改善社会条件，人人都可以成为改革者。故选C。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious，practical progress in bringing about social change”可知作者持肯定态度。故选D。]‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【语篇导读】　文章描述了 Huaplee Beach的大体位置、饮食和在这里度过的美好时光。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段It was a long journey...it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland，第三段第二句Not many tourists find this place.可知这个地方不好找，作者找到这个地方耗时很长，因此答案为D。]‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。第五段文章涉及饮食，根据该段最后一句No menu here 可知答案为A。]‎ ‎3．B　推理判断题。文章第七段：For now you just count your blessings ，listing them in the sand with your toe.You don’t have to worry about being late for ‎ work.You don’t have to do anything，和第八段：No start，no end，just sand，sun，and peace.都描述了在Huaplee Lazy Beach享受的美好时光。但第八段的最后一句Step off it，and you re－enter the world of traffic，stress，work and hurry，一旦走出这里，人们又要回到日常生活中，面临工作、交通、压力和快节奏的生活，而要享受Huaplee Beach则需要暂时抛开这些，即答案为B。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一句：“How could it take me so long to find it？”结合全篇文章所讲的在Huaplee Lazy Beach旅游的舒适惬意可知作者是在感叹自己应该早点来到这里的。因此答案为D。]‎ Passage 7‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文为说明文。大千世界，无奇不有。树和人类一样，也是依靠彼此的合作与支持，树的家族才得以延续。“母亲树”，在死亡前夕会无私地将自己的财富传递给下一代。‎ ‎1．C　句意猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话对the opposite is true的解释：trees survive through their co－operation and support，passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”树是通过他们的合作、支持并传递必要的营养，得以生存的。]‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句话可知，“母亲树”之所以十分重要，是因为她们是其他树赖以生存的基础，她们死亡前会把财富，特别是一些重要的矿物质输送给年轻的树，来促进它们的生长，因此B项正确，与pass on nutrition to young trees 正好吻合。]‎ ‎3．A　代词指代题。根据最后一段前两句话：Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.垂死的“母亲树”在死亡前把营养传递给年轻树，但我们从未给它们机会，可以看出，it指的是“树的家族”固有的生存法则。]‎ ‎4．C　主旨大意题。本题可用排除法来做，A.老树像人类一样交流；B.小树需要保护；C.树远远超出你的想像；D.树有助于我们的社会。从以上题目来看，只有C符合本文大意。]‎ ‎【模拟试题精练】‎ ‎1．2016年模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有着悠久历史和文化的古城——奇琴伊察的相关情况。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。根据第一段的最后一句“People come to learn about its ancient culture，and the culture of the Mayan people”可知，游客到奇琴伊察市来是为了体验和探索玛雅文化，即B项正确。]‎ ‎2．A　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“built new parts of the city based on natural wells”可推知，这座城市之所以如此命名，是因为它有天然的井，即A项正确。]‎ ‎3．A　考查正误判断。根据最后一段“Chichen Itza is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and an important part of the world’s history”可知A项正确。根据第三段的前三句可知，有“4×91＋1＝365”个台阶，故B项错误；C项与文章第四段内容不符；根据第二段的第二、三句可知，Chichen Itza距今约1 000年，故D项错误。]‎ ‎4．C　考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了古城——奇琴伊察的一些相关情况，故选C项。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，文章主要对Quad Cinema附近的一些景点进行了简要的介绍。‎ ‎1．A　考查写作意图。根据第一段的最后一句“Here are some attractions we recommend，all within a comfortable walk from the Quad Cinema”可推知，本文主要是为了介绍Quad Cinema附近的一些景点，故选A项。]‎ ‎2．C　考查细节理解。根据第二段的第一句“As one of the bestknown of New York ‎ City’s 1，900 public parks，it is a landmark in the Manhattan neighborhood of Greenwich Village，as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity”可知，Washington Square的特殊之处是它是曼哈顿街区的地标，故选C项。]‎ ‎3．A　考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“Located in the south of Washington Square between Thompson Street and Sullivan Street，opposite Washington Square Park，this beautiful church was completed in 1892”可知，Judson Memorial Church位于Washington Square的南部，在Washington Square Park的对面，位于Thompson Street和Sullivan Street之间，故选A项。]‎ ‎4．B　考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的第二句“It was first developed as a mews(马厩街) that serviced horses from homes in the area”可知，Washington Mews建立之初是用来养马的，故选B项。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文介绍了斯里兰卡的茶叶生产，包括茶叶的采摘、烘制等过程。‎ ‎1．C　考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots，or young leaves”可知，茶树需要经常剪枝，要保持在60到90厘米高，剪枝能促进幼芽、幼叶的生长，即C项正确。]‎ ‎2．C　考查细节理解。文章第三段提到制成红茶茶叶成品需要晾晒、碾压、发酵、烘干、分类挑拣这五个步骤。即C项正确。]‎ ‎3．B　考查推理判断。根据文章第一段的“Tea production in Sri Lanka has thrived for decades.The tea gardens in Hatton，Sri Lanka are actually large tea estates”可推知，斯里兰卡的茶叶生产已经繁荣了很久了，即B项正确。]‎ ‎2．经典模拟试题 Passage 1‎ ‎【语篇导读】　‎ 本文是一篇说明文，每年都会发生很多地震，虽然大地震并不多，但我们应该为地震做好准备，以尽量减少损失。‎ ‎1．A　词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知，加利福尼亚和日本更有可能遭受地震，可知prone to是“倾向于，易于做某事(常指不好的事)”的意思。]‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的If outside，they need to know to stay away from power lines and buildings where objects could fall.可知，地震的时候如果你在外面，应该避开电线和有可能有物体坠落的大楼。]‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Consider earthquake insurance for your home if you live in an earthquake－prone area.可知，经常遭受地震的人应该买地震保险。其他选项文章中找不到依据。]‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的主题句Although the chance of being caught in “The Big one” is remote，it’s wise to be prepared if you live in a region where earthquakes are common.可知，这篇文章主要讲述的是如何为地震做好准备。]‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是丹麦的首都哥本哈根，包括其人口、历史、建筑等。 ‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“From the harbor you can get a feel for the attractive‘city of green spires(尖塔)’．In cloudy weather，the copper－covered spires of old castles and churches lend the city a dreamlike atmosphere.You’ll think you’ve stepped into a watercolor painting”可知选D。]‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。本文提到了哥本哈根的人口、历史和建筑，并没有提到这里的农业和传统习俗，因此选A。]‎ ‎3．C　词义猜测题。由第五段段落大意可知，哥本哈根在历史上多灾多难(has suffered more than its share of disasters)，因此其含义是C：包围和攻击。]‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【语篇导读】　伊利运河是美国历史上修建的最重要的人工水道，它不仅对纽约的发展起着重要作用，而且连通了五大湖和大西洋，对运河所经过地区的发展起了积极和促进作用。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation’s largest city.”可知，伊利运河对纽约的发展起着重要作用。]‎ ‎2．B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River.It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，是哈德逊河流入大西洋。]‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据第二段提到的投入$7，143，789和收入$121，461，891可知。]‎ ‎4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的1817年破土动工，和第二段“Between 1825，when the canal was opened”可知，运河的建设共用了8年。]‎ 及。]‎