高考英语总复习必修5课时作业21Unit 1 Great scientists

高考英语总复习必修5课时作业21Unit 1 Great scientists

课时作业21　Unit 1　Great scientists ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．What made you ________ her of having taken the money?‎ A．believe B．think C．suspect D．convince 解析：句意：是什么让你怀疑是她拿走了钱？suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事；convince sb.of doing sth.说服某人做了某事。‎ 答案：C ‎2．(2013·德州模拟)Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main ________ the government faces.‎ A．difficulties B．challenges C．problems D．conflicts 解析：句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要难题之一。challenge 挑战；difficulty 困难；problem 问题；conflict 矛盾，冲突。‎ 答案：B ‎3．A great many women were ________ by the advertisement that they could lose weight by wearing the slim dress.‎ A．taken on B．taken up C．taken in D．taken off 解析：take in 欺骗。take on 呈现；take up 占用；take off 盛行。‎ 答案：C ‎4．(2013·济宁模拟)It is widely believed that smoking ______ lung cancer?‎ A．contributes to B．turns to C．objects to D．points to 解析：考查动词短语辨析。contribute to 导致；turn to 转向，求助；object to 反对；point to 指向。由句意可知A项正确。‎ 答案：A ‎5．—Can you ________ this poem?‎ ‎—No, it doesn't ________.‎ A．make sense of; make sense B．make sense; make sense of C．make sense; make sense D．make sense of; make sense of 解析：make sense of 理解，弄明白；make sense 讲得通，有意义。由题意可知A项正确。‎ 答案：A ‎6．(2013·莱芜模拟)With the world ________ fast, we have something new to face every day.‎ A．changed B．changing C．change D．to change 解析：考查 with 的复合结构。change 与 the world 之间构成主动关系，且表示正在进行，故B项正确。‎ 答案：B ‎7．It is widely believed that laughter has ________ effect on physical and mental health.‎ A．positive B．sensitive C．energetic D．popular 解析：考查形容词词义。positive 积极的；sensitive 敏感的；energetic 精力充沛的；popular 流行的，大众的。由句意可知A项正确。‎ 答案：A ‎8．Don't be so discouraged. If you ________ such feelings, you will do better next time.‎ A．carry on B．get back C．break down D．put away 解析：考查动词短语辨析。carry on 开展，进行；get back 取回，拿回；break down 分解，崩溃；put away 收起来。‎ 答案：D ‎9．(2013·鄂州市高三摸底考试)—Flight 331 is being ______. I'd better be on my way. Goodbye.‎ ‎—Bye. Happy landing!‎ A．appealed B．announced C．commanded D．delivered 解析：announce 宣布。appeal 吸引；command 命令；deliver 接生，运送。第一句句意：331航班正在被宣布登机。我最好上路了，再见。‎ 答案：B ‎10．Faced with those ________ problems such as global warming, people in different parts of the world today are supposed to work hand in hand.‎ A．temporary B．widespread C．ridiculous D．universal 解析：universal 普遍的，全世界的。句意：面对全世界的难题，诸如全球变暖，世界上不同地区的人们应该携手努力。temporary 暂时的；widespread 广泛传播的；ridiculous 荒唐的。‎ 答案：D ‎11．(2013·厦门市三校联考)Busy as the man is, he ________ every weekend to staying with his wife and children.‎ A．picks B．spends C．devotes D．takes 解析：devote... to doing sth.献身于做某事。‎ 答案：C ‎12．The more one is ________ the Englishspeaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.‎ A．exposed to B．filled in C．caught on D．kept up 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个人越多地接触说英语的环境就越能学好这门语言。be exposed to 意为“暴露于”。fill in 填充；catch on 理解；keep up 坚持。‎ 答案：A ‎13．The smile on her face suggested that she________satisfied with her son's progress.‎ A．should be B．would be C．was D．had been 解析：句意：她脸上的笑容暗示她对儿子的进步很满意。suggest 意为“暗示；表明”，后跟真实语气。‎ 答案：C ‎14．If I take this medicine twice a day，it should ________my cold.‎ A．recover B．heal C．restore D．cure 解析：cure治疗，尤指用药物治愈疾病。句意：假如这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。heal着重指治好外伤或烧伤后的患部，使伤口愈合，不用于治疗感冒等疾病。‎ 答案：D ‎15．A very beautiful scene spreads in front of the mountain，at the foot of which________.‎ A．lies a small village B．does a small village lie C．a small village lie D．is lying a small village 解析：句意：山前有一道非常漂亮的景色，在山脚下有一座小村庄。分析结构可知，at the foot of which...为定语从句；at the foot of 置于句首，需要用完全倒装，故A项正确。‎ 答案：A Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2012·山东高考)‎ Whenever we hear about “the homeless”， most of us think of the Developing World. But the __1__ is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a __2__ country like Germany?‎ Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making __3__ for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.They first __4__ one long hot summer when ‎ most Germans were __5__ on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches, __6__ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.‎ The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing weren't __7__.“What these people also need is warmth and __8__，”says Rita. The Mullers didn't __9__ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita __10__ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always __11__ to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.‎ The couple were soon __12__ all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to __13__ donations. Today, over thirty companies __14__ donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to __15__ them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer __16__ new shoes.‎ Kurt and Rita receive no __17__ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，” says Rita, “and parents shouldn't __18__ money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets __19__，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a __20__ in the world.‎ ‎1．A.result B．truth C．reason D．idea ‎2．A.traditional B．developing C．typical D．wealthy ‎3．A.preparations B．houses C．meals D．suggestions ‎4．A.began B．met C．called D．left ‎5．A.asleep B．alone C．across D．away ‎6．A.brought up B．set up C．put aside D．gave away ‎7．A.enough B．necessary C．helpful D．expensive ‎8．A.fame B．freedom C．courage D．caring ‎9．A.hesitate B．agree C．pretend D．intend ‎10．A.made sense B．found out C．made sure D．worked out ‎11．A.open B．crowded C．noisy D．near ‎12．A.costing B．wasting C．taking D．spending ‎13．A.pay for B．ask for C．look into D．carry out ‎14．A.completely B．calmly C．regularly D．roughly ‎15．A.advertise B．sell C．deliver D．lend ‎16．A.donates B．produces C．designs D．collects ‎17．A.permission B．payment C．direction D．support ‎18．A.borrow B．raise C．save D．expect ‎19．A.surprised B．excited C．tired D．amused ‎20．A.profit B．difference C．decision D．rule 答案与解析 ‎1．B　当我们谈起无家可归者时，我们大多数人会想到发展中国家。truth“事实，真理”；result“结果”。句意：但是事实却是到处都有无家可归者。故选B项。‎ ‎2．D　通过实例来说明上一句的观点。谁会想到像德国这样一个富裕的国家里竟会看到有人住在大街上。traditional“传统的”；developing“发展的”；typical“典型的，有代表性的”；wealthy“富裕的”。故D项符合文意。‎ ‎3．C　根据第二段最后一句话中的“...made sandwiches...”和“...gave food to the homeless.”可知，缪勒夫妇为无家可归的人提供膳食。C项符合文意。‎ ‎4．A　上一句提到缪勒夫妇11年以来一直提供食物，而这开始于一个炎热的夏季。句中的first是一个提示信息。故选A项。‎ ‎5．D　当别人外出度假时他们却待在家中忙于膳食。根据下一句的“...stayed at home...”可知应选择D项。‎ ‎6．B　他们在街上摆放了一张桌子。bring up“提出，教育”；set up“建立，装配”；put aside“把……放在一边，储存……备用”；give away“放弃，泄露，分发”。故选B项。‎ ‎7．A　enough“足够的，充分的”，结合下一句中的also可知选A项。本句的意思是：缪勒夫妇很快意识到仅仅提供衣物是不够的。‎ ‎8．D　fame“名誉，名声”；freedom“自由”；courage“勇气”；caring“关怀，关心”。他们也需要温暖和关心。下文中缪勒夫妇把电话号码留给他们，说明夫妇两人从精神上也给予他们帮助。故caring符合文意。‎ ‎9．A　not hesitate to do “毫不犹豫做某事”。承接上文，说明了缪勒夫妇关心流浪者的一种方式以及他们慷慨的付出。‎ ‎10．C　缪勒夫妇要确保一人在家接电话。make sense“有意义，讲得通”；find out“查明，弄清楚”；make sure“确信，确保”；work out“算出，解决”。故选C项。‎ ‎11．A　open“开着”，符合文意。句意：他们的家总是为那些在街上不能面对夜晚的人敞开着。其他选项均不符合文意。‎ ‎12．D　夫妇两人在那段时间里很快花光了所有的积蓄。此题的干扰项是cost，而cost的主语不能是人。故选D项。‎ ‎13．B　pay for“付钱”；ask for“请求，要求”；look into“向里看，调查”；carry out“执行，贯彻”。他们只有请求得到食品和服装公司的捐助。故选B项。‎ ‎14．C　regularly“定期地，有规律地”。句意：现在有30多家公司会定期地为慈善事业捐赠食物和其他物品。completely“彻底地，完全地”；calmly“‎ 平静地，冷静地”；roughly“粗糙地，概略地”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎15.C　志愿者帮助把物品送给无家可归者。故选C项。deliver“传达，运送”。‎ ‎16.A　donate“捐赠，捐献”。根据上一句有30多公司的捐助可知一家制鞋厂也捐赠了新鞋子。produce“生产”；design“设计”；collect“收集，聚集”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎17.B　这里指的是缪勒夫妇无私地奉献。payment“付款，报酬”。句意：他们的努力工作没有任何的报酬。permission“允许，许可”；direction“方向，指导”；support“支持，支撑”。‎ ‎18.D　丽塔说：“我们就像父母一样，不会因为帮助自己的孩子而期望拿到报酬。”expect“期望，预料”，符合文意。‎ ‎19.C　句意：我们在街上得到的爱就是薪水，虽然丽塔感到劳累。tired说明他们从事这项工作的劳累，故选C项。‎ ‎20.B　make a difference“有影响，有关系”。句意：她会继续工作下去，因为她喜欢能够在世界上发挥一定作用的感觉。make a profit“盈利”；make directions“作出说明”；make rules“制定规则”。‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2012·浙江高考)‎ Easter (复活节) is still a great day for worship，candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.‎ And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.‎ Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit，for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer—it lives on the islands! —but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地) completely.‎ The snowshoe hare，on the other hand，has a color issue.Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each ‎ designed to give them better cover from predators (捕食者). As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however，more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring，making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.‎ American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 78 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁移) to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops.They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.‎ The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.‎ Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia‎ ‎Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators，but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.‎ All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.‎ ‎1．The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to________.‎ A．show the importance of Easter Day B．introduce the issue about bunnies C．remind people of Easter traditions D．discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies ‎2．The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to________.‎ A．criminal B．judge C．victim D．producer ‎3．According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they________.‎ A．are exposed to more skillful hunters B．have moved to habitats with fewer plants C．haven't adapted themselves to climate change D．can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring ‎4．The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that________.‎ A．both are affected by less snow B．both are affected by rising sea levels C．neither can find enough food D．neither can migrate to higher places ‎5．Which best describes the writer's tone in the passage?‎ A．Approving. B．Concerned.‎ C．Enthusiastic. D．Doubtful.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据下文内容可知，第一段提到复活节是为了引出关于兔子这个热点话题。‎ ‎2．A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在的句子可知，由于气候的变化，不断上升的温度至少对五种兔子产生有害的影响。可见，该词大意为“罪魁祸首”。‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句可知，由于兔子们还没有适应气候的变化，它们身上的皮毛不能随着季节改变颜色，所以很容易被捕食性动物发现。‎ ‎4．D　细节理解题。根据第五、六两段可知，这两种兔子面临的共同问题是，由于气候变暖，它们需要迁徙到更高的地方去，但事实上，它们已经无处可去。‎ ‎5．B ‎　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，作者是用忧虑的语气来描述兔子面临的困境。倒数第三段最后一句其实代表了作者的思想。‎