高考英语必背介词用法口诀大全

高考英语必背介词用法口诀大全

早、午、晚要用 in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。‎ ‎   年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。‎ ‎   将来时态 in ... 以后，小处 at 大处 in。‎ ‎   有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in。‎ ‎   特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用 in。‎ ‎   介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。‎ ‎   日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，‎ ‎   收音、农场、值日 on，关于、基础、靠、著论。‎ ‎   着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。‎ ‎   特定时日和“一……就”，on 后常接动名词。‎ ‎   年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前 on 代 in。‎ ‎   步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 则用 in。‎ ‎   at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。‎ ‎   工具、和、同随 with，具有、独立、就、原因。‎ ‎   就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。‎ ‎   海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数、人类 know to man。‎ ‎   this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。‎ ‎   接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。‎ ‎   over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，‎ ‎   若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。‎ ‎   beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。‎ ‎   besides，except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿。‎ ‎   同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间。‎ ‎   原状 because of, owing to，due to 表语形容词。‎ ‎   Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。‎ ‎   Before，after 表一点, ago，later 表一段。‎ ‎   before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。‎ ‎   since 以来 during 间，since 时态多变换。‎ ‎   与之相比 beside，除了 last but one。‎ ‎   复不定 for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。‎ ‎   快到、对、向 towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。‎ ‎   but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。‎ ‎   ing 型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。‎ ‎   之后、关于、在……方面，有关介词须记全。‎ ‎   in 内 to 外表位置，山、水、国界 to 在前。‎ ‎    如大体掌握如上介词用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。‎ 早、午、晚要用 in 例：in the morning 在早上 ‎    in the afternoon 在下午 ‎   in the evening 在晚上 ‎    in the day 在白天 at 黎明、午、夜、点与分 例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 ‎    at noon 在中午 ‎    at night 在夜间 ‎    at midnight 在午夜 以上短语都不用冠词 ‎    at six o'clock 在6点钟 ‎    at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 ‎    at half past eleven 在11点半 ‎    at nine fifteen 在9点15 分 ‎    at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)‎ ‎    five minutes after two 2点过5分 ‎    at a quarter to two 1点45分 ‎    at the weekend 在周末 年、月、年月、季节、周 ‎    即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日则用 on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用 in。‎ 例；in 1986 在1986 年 ‎    in 1927 在1927 年 ‎    in April 在四月 ‎    in March 在三月 ‎    in December, 1986  1986年12月 ‎    in July, l983  1983年7月 ‎    in spring 在春季  in summer 在夏季 ‎    in autumn 在秋季  in winter 在冬季 ‎    in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 ‎    in the third week 在第三周 阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，‎ ‎    即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用 in。‎ 例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。‎ ‎    They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。‎ ‎    They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。‎ ‎    a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯 ‎    He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。‎ ‎    The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．‎ 以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 ‎    a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人 ‎    the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女 ‎    in uniform 穿着制服 ‎    in mourning 穿着丧服 ‎    in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 ‎    in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫 将来时态 in … 以后 例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。‎ ‎    I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。‎ ‎    We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。‎ ‎    Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)‎ ‎    After … (从过去开始)‎ 小处 at 大处 in 例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry.‎ ‎   李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。‎ ‎    I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。‎ ‎    I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．‎ 有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in 例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)‎ ‎    The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)‎ ‎    “Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。(无形)‎ ‎    The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法——无形)‎ ‎    I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed．‎ ‎   我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用 in)‎ ‎    I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)‎ ‎    The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．‎ ‎   公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用 in )‎ ‎    The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.‎ ‎   长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)‎ ‎    This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。‎ 特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in 特征或状态：‎ 例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。‎ ‎    They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。‎ ‎    He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。‎ ‎    Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。‎ ‎    The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。‎ ‎    The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。‎ ‎    Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。‎ ‎    His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。‎ ‎    I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。‎ ‎    She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。‎ 还有一些短语也用 in，如：‎ ‎    in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。‎ ‎    His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。‎ ‎    Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.‎ ‎   今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。‎ ‎    She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。‎ ‎    The campaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。‎ 方面：‎ 例：We accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。‎ ‎    They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。‎ ‎    The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.‎ ‎   这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。‎ ‎    A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。‎ 方式：‎ 例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。‎ ‎    The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.‎ ‎   党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。‎ 如下成语惯用 in 例：in all 总计 ‎    in advance 事前 ‎    in the meantime 与此同时 ‎    in place 适当地 ‎    in hopes of(或 in the hope of) 怀着……希望 ‎    in connection with 和……有关 ‎    in contact with 和……联系 ‎    in addition to 除……以外 ‎    in case of 倘若，万一 ‎    in conflict with 和……冲突 ‎    in force 有效的，大批 ‎    in depth 彻底地 ‎    in regard to 关于 ‎    in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近 ‎    in retrospect 回顾，一想起 ‎    in behalf of 代表……利益 ‎    in the least 一点，丝毫 ‎    in alarm 惊慌、担心 ‎    in the opinion of 据……见解 ‎    in the long run 从长远说来 ‎    in one's opinion 在……看来 ‎    in word 口头上 ‎    in a word 总之 ‎    in vain 无益地, 白白地 ‎    in case 如果，万一，以防 ‎    in detail 详细地 ‎    in haste 急急忙忙地 ‎    in conclusion 总之 ‎    in spite of 尽管 ‎    in other words … 换句话说 ‎    in return 作为回报 ‎    in the name of 以……名义 ‎    be confident in 对……有信心 ‎    be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎    in doubt 怀疑 ‎    in love 恋爱中 ‎    in debt 负债 ‎    in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地 ‎    in hesitation 犹豫不决 ‎    in wonder 在惊奇中 ‎    in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)‎ ‎    in a good humour 心情(情绪)好 ‎“介词 at、to 表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。‎ ‎    介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：‎ ‎1. A．She came at me. 她向我扑过来。‎ ‎   B．She came to me. 她向我走过来。‎ ‎2．A．Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。‎ ‎   B．Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。‎ ‎3．A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。‎ ‎   B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。‎ ‎4．A．He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。‎ ‎   B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说。‎ ‎5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。‎ ‎   B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。‎ ‎6．A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。‎ ‎   B．She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.‎ ‎7．A．She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。‎ ‎   B．She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。‎ ‎8．A．He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。‎ ‎   B．He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。‎ 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用 on。‎ 例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日 ‎    on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日 ‎    on May the first 5月1日 ‎    on the first 1号 ‎    on the sixteenth 16号 ‎    on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日 ‎    on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚 ‎    on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)‎ ‎    on New Year's Day 在元旦 ‎    on my birthday 在我的生日 ‎    但 in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用 in，at the present time 现在，at the present day 当今 则用 at。‎ ‎    on May Day 在“五·一”节 ‎    on winter day 在冬天 ‎    on December 12th 1950  l950年12月12日 ‎    on Sunday 在星期天 ‎    on Monday 在星期一 ‎    on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 ‎    on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午 ‎    on Friday evening 星期五晚上 ‎    但 last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time 准时，in time 及时，等则不同。‎ 年月日，加早午晚，of 之前 on 代 in 例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨 ‎    on the evening of 4th  4日晚上 ‎    On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。‎ 收音、农场，值日 on 例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?‎ ‎    您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?‎ ‎    I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。‎ ‎    talk over the radio 由无线电播音 ‎    on TV 从电视里……‎ ‎      hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到 ‎    My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。‎ ‎    The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。‎ ‎    This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。‎ ‎    Who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日?‎ ‎    We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。‎ 关于、基础、靠、著论 例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.‎ ‎    今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。‎ ‎    Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.‎ ‎    申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。‎ ‎    You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。‎ ‎    The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。‎ ‎    Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。‎ ‎    The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)‎ ‎    The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。‎ ‎    You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month．‎ ‎    靠月薪100 元的收入，你是买不起奢侈品的。‎ ‎    Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food． 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。‎ ‎    He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。‎ ‎    Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。‎ ‎    The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。‎ ‎    On 后接 the 加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如：‎ ‎    on the march 在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活动中，on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(俚语)，on the go 活跃，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch 监视着。on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等。‎ ‎    on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>>‎ ‎    on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<论人民民主专政>>‎ ‎    “on Coalition Government”<<论联合政府>>‎ 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准 ‎    注：口诀中的“着”是指着火，“罢”指罢工，“偷”指偷偷地，“公”指出差、办公事；“假”指休假，“准”指准时。‎ 例：The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。‎ ‎    The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。‎ ‎    Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.‎ ‎   新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。‎ ‎    Do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。‎ ‎    I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。‎ ‎    They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。‎ ‎    They have been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。‎ ‎    I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。‎ ‎    I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的，不是不告而别。‎ ‎    She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。‎ ‎    He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。‎ ‎    “This lunch is on me.”“这顿午饭我付钱。”‎ ‎       “No. let's go Dutch.”“不，还是各付各的。”‎ ‎      On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反，这事儿很容易理解。‎ ‎    P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。‎ ‎    注：in time 是“及时”的意思。‎ ‎    The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。‎ 特定时间和“一……就”，左右 on 后动名词 例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。(特定时间)‎ ‎    On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.‎ ‎   一进屋，他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。‎ ‎    On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。‎ ‎    I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)‎ ‎    以及 on the left, right 向左向右，on the stair 在台阶上等。‎ 步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 用 in 例：On foot 步行; on horse 骑马; on donkey 骑驴。‎ ‎    He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马，鲜血从腰部流下来。‎ ‎    The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。‎ ‎    Go on horse back! 骑马去！‎ ‎    You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!‎ ‎    in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。‎ at 山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心 ‎    即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。‎ 例：At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.‎ ‎    在山脚下，有我们30 个同志。‎ ‎    There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。‎ ‎    At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.‎ ‎    门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。‎ ‎    Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?‎ ‎    I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。‎ ‎    He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。‎ ‎    The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50 公里。‎ ‎    We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.‎ ‎   我们以最低的投资，最高的速度修建了该工厂。‎ ‎    at home 在国内，在家里 ‎    at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度 ‎    at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10 度 ‎    Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在摄氏零度结冰。‎ ‎    Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。‎ ‎    at zero 在零度 ‎    at the rate of 45 miles an hour ‎    at full speed 全速 ‎    at a good price 高价 ‎    at a low cost 低成本 ‎    at a great cost 花了很大代价 ‎    at that time 在当时 ‎    Evaporation takes place at all temperatures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。‎ ‎    at 1000 RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000 转 ‎    at a high speed 高速 ‎    The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.‎ ‎    战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。‎ ‎    at daybreak 日出时 ‎    The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.‎ ‎    领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。‎ ‎    The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。‎ ‎    At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。‎ ‎    以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China. 在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.‎ 常用的 at 短语有:‎ ‎    at first 首先，开始时 ‎    at least 至少 ‎    at all events 无论如何 ‎    at home 在家，无拘束 ‎    at one stroke 一下子 ‎    at a loss 不知怎办 ‎    at any rate 不管怎样 ‎    at length 详细地 ‎    be at high tide 处于高潮期 ‎    at our invitation 应我们的邀请 ‎    at our request 应我们的请求 ‎    at the news 听到这消息 ‎    at the risk of 冒……危险 ‎    at a great expense 以巨大费用 ‎    at a stroke 一举 ‎    at intervals of 每隔 ‎    at liberty 有权，随意 ‎    at the sight of 一见到 ‎    at the point of 接近，靠近 ‎    at the thought of 一想到 ‎    at the speed of 以……速度 ‎    at the cost (price) of 以……为代价 ‎    at leisure 闲着、失业 ‎    at the disposal of 任凭……使用 ‎    at stake 在危险中、在成败关头 ‎    at bottom 实际上、本质上 ‎    at short notice 一得到通知 ‎    at seeing us 看到我们 ‎    at the happy tidings 听到喜讯 ‎    at sixteen 在16岁时 ‎    at the present stage 在现阶段 ‎    at the weekend 周末 ‎    at all times 永远 ‎    at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号 工具、同、和、随 with，具有，独立、就、原因 例：We write with ball pens. 我们用油笔写字。(工具)‎ 但  He write in blue ink. 他用蓝水笔写字(墨水用 in 不用 with)‎ ‎    Theory must go hand in hand with practice. 理论必须同实践相结合。(同)‎ ‎    He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友们谈话。(同)‎ ‎    I'd like to have a dinner with a friend. 我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。‎ ‎    We must co-operate closely with them. 我们必须同他们紧密合作。(同)‎ ‎    We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours. 我们虽然就要走了，但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根，我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。(和或同〕‎ ‎    A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。‎ ‎    I'm with you. 我同意你。‎ ‎    An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope.‎ ‎    原子太小，即使用显微镜也看不见它。(工具)‎ ‎    In the past I had to part with my wife. 旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。(和)‎ ‎    The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.‎ ‎    社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)‎ ‎    They sail with the wind. 他们顺风航行。(随着)‎ ‎    With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too. 随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改变。(随着)‎ ‎    With the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.‎ ‎    滑铁卢一战，拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋了。‎ ‎    The modern electron tube. 随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业．‎ ‎    She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in a family way, = She is pregnant (in pregnancy). 她怀孕了。(有)‎ 但  She is with a child．意为:“她领着一个孩子。”‎ ‎      China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)‎ ‎    China is a country with a population of ten billion people.‎ ‎    中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。（具有）‎ ‎    What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?(就，关于)‎ ‎    How is it with you? 你怎么啦？(就，关于)‎ ‎    Everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。(就……)‎ ‎    It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.‎ ‎    由于聚集了大量的能，所以闪光非常强烈。（独立结构）‎ 注；即分词独立主格结构用 with。‎ ‎    With a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only. 由于新的焊接技术的引进，不锈钢的使用就不仅仅局限在微小的物件上了。(独立结构)‎ ‎    With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has. 由于激光的光束同步，所以它具有普通光所没有的特殊性质。(独立结构)‎ ‎    Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another. 没有温度或压力的变化，物质永远不能以一种状态变到另一种状态。(独立结构)‎ ‎    The evil landlord was trembling with fear. 那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因)‎ ‎    My wife's hands were rough with work. 我爱人因为老干活，手很租糙。(原因)．‎ ‎    With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the Voice of America ‎ and B.B.C every day. 借助于我同学的录音机，我每天收听美国之音和B.B.C。(原因)‎ ‎    With television, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因为有了电视，我们坐在家里就能看到各种节目, 而不必去影院、戏院了。(原因)‎ 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分 ‎    这里的 with 后边的宾语常译成主语。‎ 例：How are the things with you? 你情况怎样？‎ ‎    What's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦?‎ ‎    Something is wrong with my hands. 我手出点毛病。‎ ‎    Everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。‎ ‎    Parents must be strict with their children. 父母对子女要严格。(对)‎ ‎    The doctor was very patient with his patients. 那位医生对患者非常耐心。(对)‎ ‎    I'm quite satisfied with your answer. 我对你的回答很满意。(对)‎ ‎    Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated areas.‎ ‎    许多带有革命倾向的知识分子都投奔解放区了。(有)‎ ‎    These apartment houses are for workers with families. 这些住宅楼是给有家属的工人盖的。‎ ‎    He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.‎ ‎    他两手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(状语)独立结构 ‎    They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.‎ ‎    它们是高度机械化的农场，所有工作都由机器进行。(状语)独立结构 上两句是 with 引出的复合结构。‎ ‎    I will be with you again in half an hour. 过半个钟头我还会跟你们在一起的。‎ ‎    (with 的介词短语作表语。另注意 in 将来时态 in 以后)‎ ‎    Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four during the cultural revolution. 我们是非常同情“文革”中被“四人帮”迫害的青年学生的。(with 的介词短语作表语)。‎ 海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数人类 known to man 例: by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车)‎ ‎    by micro bus 坐小面包车(微型汽车)‎ ‎    by mini bus 坐小面包车 ‎    by train 坐火车 ‎    by trolley bus 坐无轨电车 ‎    by tram 坐有轨电车 ‎    by bike 骑自行车 ‎    by motor car 骑摩托车 ‎    by tube 坐地铁 ‎    by airbus 坐大型客机(空中汽车〕‎ ‎    by jeep 坐吉普车 ‎    by chance 偶然 ‎    by accident 偶然，无意中 以及 by virtue of 靠、由于 ‎    by leaps and bounds 大幅度地 ‎    by way of 经由 ‎    by the book 按常规 ‎    The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book.‎ ‎    偶然的发现可以写一本很厚的书。(偶然)‎ ‎    The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. 相对论是爱因斯坦创立的。(被动)‎ ‎    The book was written by Mr. Zhang. 这本书是张先生写的。(被动)‎ ‎    That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man. 1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。‎ 这里用 to man 而不用 by。即当单数又无冠词的 man 和 known 搭配时，表示人类不用 by。‎ this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next, last, one 接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯 例：一天 one day (不说 on one day)‎ ‎    one summer 在一个夏天 ‎    one year 一年 ‎    last night 昨天夜里 ‎    last Friday 上个星期五 ‎    last month 上月 ‎    last year 去年 ‎    yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 ‎    tomorrow afternoon 明天下午 ‎    tomorrow evening 明天晚上 ‎    next month 下个月 ‎    next week 下周 ‎    next year 明年 ‎    next Saturday 下星期六 ‎    this morning 今天早晨 ‎    this year 今年 ‎    this Tuesday 本星期二 ‎    this Autumn 今年秋天 ‎    that morning 那天早上 ‎    that evening 那天晚上 ‎    无论前面介词 in、on 还是 at，通通可省略，不能说 at last night, on last Friday, in last ‎ month, in this year 这些都是不对的，须去掉介词。‎ over, under 正上下，above, below 则不然 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关 例：There is a picture over the window. 窗户上面有一幅画。(正上方)‎ ‎    The plane flew above the city. 飞机飞过城市上空。（高于城市并非正上方)‎ ‎    A lamp was hanging over the table. 一盏灯是在方桌上方。(正上方)‎ ‎    The moon was now above the trees in the east. 这时月亮已经在东边树林的上方。(非正上方)‎ ‎    Don't stand above the masses. 勿高踞于群众之上。(比喻一一非正上方)‎ ‎    The mountain is 700 feet above sea level. 这座山海拔700米。(非正上方)‎ ‎    There is a small building below the hill. 山下有座小楼房。(非正下方)‎ ‎    There is a submarine under the water. 水下有艘潜水艇。(正下方)‎ ‎    Water was found ten feet below the surface. 在地面下10英尺处找到了水。(非正下方)‎ ‎    The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees. 农民们正在树下乘凉。(正下方)‎ over under 正上下，低高 below 与 above ‎    The temperature in the room is below (or under) 30℃.‎ ‎    室温是摄氏30度以下。(数量词两者皆可)‎ ‎    Do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $10000?‎ ‎    你们有哪些价格低于10000美元的计算机?‎ ‎    （数量词两者皆可〕‎ beyond 超出、无、不能 例：It's quite beyond me (It is more than I can understand). 这我完全不懂。‎ ‎    Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock. 不要在外呆到10点以后还不回家。‎ ‎    But the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control. 发自肺腑的对学生们和我的老同事们的感激之心使我毫不紧张，毫不拘束；‎ ‎    Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.‎ ‎    你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。‎ ‎    That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.‎ ‎    那样开玩笑太过火了。‎ ‎    They were touched beyond words. 他们被感动得无法形容。(无)‎ ‎    To do this was quite beyond all doubts. 办这事我无能为力。(超出)‎ ‎    This is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 这是必然的，毫无疑义的。(无)‎ ‎    另外, Beyond two cottages stood his house.‎ ‎    句子中的 beyond 是“那边”的意思。‎ against 靠着，对与反 例: In front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged against the south wall near the door. 立柜前面是两把沙发椅，靠着南城门附近。（靠着）‎ ‎    She leaned wearily against the railings. 她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着)‎ ‎    A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.‎ ‎    新总统以274票对110票的多数当选。 (对……)‎ besides, except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿 例：The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.‎ ‎    除费用低外，该设计还有许多其他优点。(优点包括在内)‎ ‎    He had no time to prepare his lecture, besides which he was unwell.‎ ‎    他没有时间准备讲稿，而且他的身体也不大舒适。‎ ‎    Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition. 除她外，我们都去参观了展览会。‎ ‎    He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期日外他每天早起。‎ ‎    Nobody was late except me. 除我以外，没人迟到。‎ 同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间。‎ ‎    He's composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.‎ ‎    他的这篇作文写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。(非同类比较用 except for)‎ ‎    She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt. 除了有一个老姑妈，她别无亲人。‎ ‎    Anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her. (without ＝ except) 当安娜发现除她外，他们都去游泳了，她感到很失望。‎ ‎    Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.‎ ‎    除了那些古寺以外，狮头山没什么可看的。‎ ‎    Among other things, we are interested in drawing.‎ ‎    我们对图画和别的一些东西很感兴趣。(among 之内即包括在内)‎ 原状 because of, owing to, due to 表语形容词 例：Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.‎ ‎    由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。‎ 注：Owing to 和 because of 都做原因状语，而 due to 只能做表语形容词。所以此句。owing to 的介词短语做原因状语。‎ ‎    AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.‎ ‎    我们的一切成绩都归功于党。(due to 做表语形容词)‎ Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物化分 例：The road is under repair now． 这条路正在修建中。‎ ‎    The now railway is still under construction. 新铁路尚在修筑中。(不能用 in)‎ ‎    under discussion 在讨论中(不能用 in) under considerate 在考虑中(不能用 in)‎ ‎    The desk is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。(物理变化用 of)‎ ‎    The wine is made from grape. 这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。(化学变化用 from)‎ ‎    The bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是钢制的。(物理变化)‎ ‎    Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。(化学变化)‎ before, after 表一点，ago, later 表示一段 即  before, after 常表示一个点的时间状语，而 ago，later 常表示一段的时间状语。‎ 例如：前天 the day before yesterday; 前年 the year before last; 大上星期 the week before last 等等都表示点状语的。‎ ‎    要想准确无误地使用好 before 和 ago, after 和 later 比较困难，但要是以“点”和“段”来区别就容易得多。‎ 例：晚饭前 before supper ‎    解放前 before liberation ‎    1970 年前 before 1970‎ ‎    文革前 before cultural revolution ‎    国庆前 before National Day ‎    入大学前 before coming to college 这些都是“点”状语，因为1970年前即1970年1月1日前。国庆节即10月1日前。‎ ago 表示一段时间。‎ 例：一分钟前 a minute ago ‎    半小时前 half an hour ago ‎    两天前 two days ago ‎    一星期前 a week ago ‎    五年前 five years ago ‎    因为 a minute, half an hour, two days, a week, five years 等都表示一段时间，所以用 ago。以及 ten days later 等皆如此。‎ before 可接完成时，ago 过去级有限 ‎    这时的 before 是连词(也可做介词)‎ 例：We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.‎ ‎    我们刚离开学校，天就下雨了。(完成时)‎ ‎    I had studied French for four months before I came here.‎ ‎    我来这儿以前就已学了四个月法语了。(before 接完成时)‎ ‎    He fell ill three days ago.‎ ‎    他病了三天了。(ago 则只能接动词过去式，同时注意瞬间动词的问题。)‎ ‎    He left two months ago. 两个月前他离开了。（同上)‎ ‎    I met her a few minutes ago. 我在几分钟前碰到他了。(同上)‎ Since 以来 during 间，since 时态多变换 ‎    与之相比 beside, 除了 last but one。‎ 即 beside 的一般用法是“在……旁边”, 但还有“和……相比”等特殊用法。‎ 例：I felt so weak in spoken English beside them. 和他们相比，我感到我的口语太差。‎ ‎    Beside work and study, all else was trivial. 同工作和学习比起来，其他一切都是小事。‎ ‎    除了 last but one，即 but 多指“除了”的意思，也有“倒数第几”的意思。last but one 即不是最后一个。‎ 例：I haven't told anybody but one. 除了我爱人，我谁也没告诉。(除了)‎ ‎    Who but a fool would study foreign language well if he is a hard working one.‎ ‎    如果他勤奋好学的话，除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。(除了)‎ ‎    Look at the last page but one. 请看倒数第2页。‎ ‎    He was the last but three in maths examination this time. 他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。‎ ‎    They live in the next house but one. 他们住在隔壁过去一家。‎ 复不定 for、找，价，原，对，给，段，去，为，作，赞 ‎    复不定 for，即用 for 引出的不定式复合结构，也就是 for 加名(代)加不定式；找，意为找到，提供; 价，意为价格、工资；原，意为原因；段，意为时间或距离; 去，意为去某地或开往某地；作，意为作为; 赞，意为赞成(用于系表结构。)‎ 例：It is high time for us to start. 我们不该再迟延了。‎ ‎    The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.‎ ‎    最重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。‎ ‎    I don't think it advisable for him to study medicine. 我想她学医不适合。‎ ‎    Your parents and relatives are anxious for you to go to college.‎ ‎    你的父母和亲戚渴望你上大学。‎ ‎    My home town has changed too much for me to recognize.‎ ‎    我的家乡变化太大，简直认不出来了。‎ ‎    以上例句都是 for 在不定式复合结构中的用法。‎ ‎    Someone is asking for you on the telephone. 有人找你接电话。(找)‎ ‎    You'd better write to me for more information about it.‎ ‎    如需更多这方面的资科和信息，你最好给我写信。(提问，索要)‎ ‎    They worked in the company for 200 yuan a month. 他们在这个公司干活，每月嫌200元。(价格)‎ ‎    How much did you pay for the second-hand colour TV? 这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱？(价格)‎ ‎    Thank you very much for your coming. 谢谢您的光临。(原因)‎ ‎    Thank you for your warm hospitality. 谢谢您的热情款待。(原因)‎ ‎    Forgive me for being tardy. 请原谅我迟到了。(原因)‎ ‎    I'm much obliged to you for telling me. 非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因)‎ ‎    We have boundless admiration for your struggle. 对你们的斗争我们无限钦佩。(对)‎ ‎    Listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds.‎ ‎    听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对)‎ ‎    Take the bitter medicine. It's good for you. 吃下这药吧，对你有好处。(对)‎ ‎    There is a telegram for Mr. Wang. 这有一份王先生的电报。(给)‎ ‎    May I use it for a minute? 我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间)‎ ‎    I followed the stealer for some distance. 我跟踪那个小偷一段路。(一段距离)‎ ‎    The ship was for Dalian. 这破船开往大连。(去某地)‎ ‎    We are off for Shanghai tomorrow. 明天我们去上海。(去某地)‎ ‎    The medicine is for reducing your temperature. 这药是退烧的。(为……目的)‎ ‎    After breakfast, I'll go for a stroll round the town.‎ ‎    吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为……目的)‎ ‎    I'll keep the lighter given by a foreign friend for a souvenir.‎ ‎    我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为)‎ ‎    It is only meant for a joke. 这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为)‎ ‎    We are all for cutting down the cost of production. 我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)‎ 快到、对、向 towards，工、学、军、城、上、北、南 例：It's getting on towards the end of term now. 现在已快到学期未了。(快到)‎ ‎    Towards midnight my husband came back. 快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到)‎ ‎    Our teacher was very lenient towards us. 我们的老师对我们很松。(对)‎ ‎    What you have invented is really a big contribution towards our company.‎ ‎    你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对)‎ ‎    The boy came running towards his mother. 那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)‎ ‎    所谓工、学、军、城、上、北、南，是说 up 和 down 的用法。这也是汉英翻译时要注意的。例如：招工，上大学，参军，进城，‎ ‎    上山，向北方等都属于 up。而相反的下乡，向南，落榜等都属于 down。“大军南下，北上抗日”大概由此而来。‎ but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。‎ but for 是“若不是”的意思。‎ 例：But for our great Communist Party, we could never have today's happiness.‎ ‎    若没有伟大的共产党，我们决不会有今天的幸福生活。‎ ‎    But for this chemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed so completely. 若没有这个化学剂的作用，系统内的蒸汽不可能被吸收得这么彻底。‎ ‎    but for 将在虚拟语气中详讲。‎ ‎    以上讲到了某些常用介词 in 用法，但远远不够，就拿做插入语的介词短语来说就数不胜数。以下固定搭配不可随意改动：‎ 例：in general 一般说来 ‎    in short 简言之 ‎    in other words 换言之 ‎    in my opinion 依我看 ‎    in simple words 简言之 ‎    on the whole 基本上 ‎    for instance 例如 ‎    for short 简称 ‎    after all 毕竟 ‎    above all 首先 ‎    此外考试中常出现的成语前置词也须牢记其用法。‎ ‎    by appearance 从外表 ‎    by the aid of 借……的帮助 ‎    by far ……得多 ‎    by course of ……照……常例 ‎    by reason of 由于 ‎    by request 应邀 ‎    by right of 由于凭借 ‎    out of date 过时 ‎    out of harmony with 与……不一致 ‎    out of harmony with 摆脱困境 ‎    out of bounds 超出权限 ‎    out of proportion to 与……不相称 ‎    out of reach 力量不及 ‎    out of one's wits 不知所措 ‎    out of question 没问题 ‎    out of the question 不可能的 ‎    to a great extent 很大程度上 ‎    to one's taste 合……胃口 ‎    to one's thinking 据……看来 ‎    to one's heart's content 尽情地 ‎    to the utmost 尽力 ‎    behind schedule 不准时 ‎    behind the times 过时的 ‎    behind the curtain 在幕后 ‎    within reach 能力所及 ‎    within a hair's breadth 差—点 ‎    within a stone's throw of 在附近 ‎    beyond descrīption 无法形容 ‎    beyond reason 毫无道理 ‎    beyond reproach 无可指责 ‎    beyond one's expectation 超出……范围 ‎    beyond expression 无法表达 ing 型由于、鉴，除了，除外与包含。‎ 之后，关于，在……方面，有关介词须记全。‎ ‎    最后，英语中 v.-ing 分词转化而成的特殊介词，更须注意，根据其语法功能，把它们同现在分词，动名词和连同区分开来。即：‎ ‎    respecting 由于, 鉴于; considering 由于, 鉴于; excepting 除了; concerning 关于; excepting for 除外; excluding 除外； without excepting sb. 包含; including 包括，包含； following 在……之后; regarding 关于； respecting 在……方面; concerning 有关;‎ 例：considering 由于；‎ ‎    Considering that table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food, the diet usually calls for eating salt-free foods. 由于食盐是钠在食物中普遍的来源，医生给病人规定的，饮食通常要求吃无盐食品。‎ ‎    respecting 鉴于:‎ ‎    Respecting the heavy rain, we had to put off the match.‎ ‎    鉴于下大雨，我们不得不推迟了这场比赛。‎ ‎    excepting 除了：‎ ‎    excepting 可单独使用，可以与 always 或否定词 not 连用，也可以与 for, without 之类介词连用。‎ ‎    Excepting one of his close friends, they were present at the party.‎ ‎    除了他的一个挚友外，他们都来赴宴了。‎ ‎    He is an honest man, excepting for his quick temper.‎ ‎    他是个老实人，只是(“除了” 脾气暴躁。(同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间)。‎ ‎    Everybody is in high spirits, always excepting him. 大家都情绪高昂，唯他“除外”(例外)。‎ ‎    Only a few survivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.‎ ‎    包括他在内，只有几个幸存者住在新拓居地。‎ ‎    including 包含：‎ ‎    The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen.‎ ‎    这套公寓有三间，包括厨房。‎ ‎    following 在……之后: 相当于 after ‎    The week following his first visit to the newsroom he was appointed editor of the important column. 在拜访该报社编辑部的“第二个”星期，他放任命为该报重要专栏的主笔。‎ ‎    regarding 关于：相当于 about ‎    Regarding research investment and number of researchers engaged in this field of research, the U.S.A. commands an overwhelming position followed by Japan. “关于”投入该领域研究的投资额和研究人员的数量，美国占压倒优势，其次是日本。‎ ‎    respecting 在……方面：‎ ‎    Respecting education, health, medical care as well as production and labor technological development will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systems and humanism. “在”教育、卫生、生产劳动“方面”, 评价技术的发展需根据社会制度和人道主义。‎ ‎    concerning 有关：‎ ‎    The following are some of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers, thinking, and artificial ‎    intelligence. 下面是“有关”计算机、思维和人工智能方面持赞成和反对态度的一些论据。‎ ‎    当然，这些 ing 型的介词，在句子中也有分词、动名词和连词的语法功能。excluding 和 including，表示排除与包含。‎ ‎    Last year British sales to the region were more than $8 billion, while French exports, excluding arms brought in around $3‎ ‎ billion. 去年，英国对这个地区的销售额达80多亿美元，而法国的出口额(武器除外)约为30亿美元。‎ ‎    Stress may deplete vitamin C in your body, as can smoking, drinking and a variety of drugs, not excepting aspirin. 生活紧张会耗尽你体内的维生素C，正如吸烟、饮酒、服用某些药物(包括阿斯匹林)一样。‎ ‎    至于介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配以及复合介词(又称复杂介词)、介词词组与从句的变换则涉及更多的语法内容。 ‎