2017高考英语北京卷逐题解析

2017高考英语北京卷逐题解析

‎ 2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）‎ 英 语 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，学￥科网你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：What is the man going to read?‎ A. A newspaper. B. A magazine. C. A book.‎ 答案是A ‎1. When will the film start?‎ A. At 5:00. B. At 6:00. C. At 7:00.‎ ‎2. Which club will the man join?‎ A. The film club. B. The travel club. C. The sports club.‎ ‎3. What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday?‎ A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Snowy.‎ ‎4. What does the man want to cut out of paper?‎ A. A fish. B. A bird. C. A monkey.‎ ‎5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?‎ A. In a library. B. At a bookstore. C. In a museum.‎ 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6短材料，回答第6至7题。‎ ‎6. Why does the woman make the call?‎ A. To make an invitation.‎ B. To ask for information.‎ C. To discuss a holiday plan .‎ ‎7. How much does the woman need to pay for the minibus?‎ A. $50. B. $150. C. $350.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。‎ ‎8.What are the two sperkers mainly talking about?‎ A. Electronic waste. B. Soil pollution. C. Recyling benefits.‎ ‎9.What does the woman decide to do with her cell hpone in the end?‎ A. Throw it away. B. Keep it at home. C. Sell it to be recycled.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10.What is the possible relationship between the sperkers?‎ A. Friends. B. Wife and husband. C. Business partners.‎ ‎11.Where does the woman work now?‎ A. In a school. B. In a restaurant. C. In a travel agency.‎ ‎12.What are the two sperkers going to do?‎ A. To take a trip. B. To have a coffee. C. To attend a meeting.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。‎ ‎13.What has been improved according to the speaker?‎ A. The train station. B. The bus service. C. The parking lot.‎ ‎14.How does the speaker get to her office today?‎ A. By bus and on foot.‎ B. By train and by bus.‎ C. By train and on foot.‎ ‎15. Who is the speaker?‎ A. A reporter. B. A policeman. C. A photographer.‎ 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）‎ 听下面一段对话，完成16至20五道小题，每小题仅填一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。‎ Pick-up Appointment Form Item（物品）‎ A 16 and some magazines Destination Overseas to 17 ‎ Delivery ‎■Air □regular Time to pick up ‎5:00 afternoon Packing A medium box Customer's information Mr. Hudson 19 ‎ ‎89Street,Chicago, 20 ‎ Tel:4159786‎ 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）‎ 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should C. can D. need ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词。Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，表示能力，用can，故选C。‎ ‎22. ---Peter, please send us postcards ________ we’ll know where you have visited.‎ ‎---No problem.‎ A. but B. or C. for D. so ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查连词。Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过。前后因果关系，用so，故选D。‎ ‎23. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。主语从句，根据意思可知答案，故选B。‎ ‎24. ---________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎---Yes. They are happy with it.‎ A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态。你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？发生在过去，用过去式，故选A。‎ ‎25. ________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.‎ A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查连词。尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途，前后之间是让步关系，故选C。‎ ‎26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.‎ A. why B. where C. how D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查连词。Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time. ‎ A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间，动词不定式表目的，选C。‎ ‎28. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.‎ A. because B. though C. until D. since ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查连词。如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ________ yet. ‎ A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除B，故选D。‎ ‎30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants.‎ A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。‎ ‎31. The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.‎ A. that B. as C. where D. when ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查连词。我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。‎ ‎32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time ________ with his students.‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考察非谓语动词。根据句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得与学生在一起的快乐时光。此处需要用分词修饰happy time，time与spend之间为被动关系，用过去分词，故选D。‎ ‎33. People ________ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as result.‎ A. will have B. have C. had D. had had ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，故前面也用现在时态，故选B。‎ ‎34. If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用had done形式，句意又是被动，故选A。‎ ‎35. Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.‎ A. at B. in C. on D. by ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词。根据句意：许多住在海边上的人都是在渔业这个领域谋生的。make a living in…industry，“在某个领域谋生”，故选B。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man ____36____ out of a garbage can she asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry Hannah was very ____37____ she could not understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or food Hannah Started to think about how she could ____38____ he is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve the hungry of homelessness.‎ Later, when Hannah attended, she saw another homeless person. It was a women, ____39____, an old shopping trolley（购物车）which was piled with ____40____. It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more ____41____ to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people ____42____ they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn’t ____43____ as bad.‎ Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and that in other provinces. She hoped to ____44____ her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting out of homeless. She began to ____45____ “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to ____46____ to the cause. She also organized a fundraising (募捐) drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone's spare ‎ change during" Make Change" month. More recently, the foundation began another ____47____ called National Red Scarf Day — a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada’s ____48____ and homeless.‎ There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah’s Place”, something that Hannah is very ____49____ of. Hannah’s Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that ____50____ outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of ____51____ .For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the ____52____ of young people to change the world. But ____53____ all this, Hannah still has the ____54____ life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.‎ Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a ____55____ in the world. You can, too!‎ ‎36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving ‎37. A. annoyed B. nervous C. ashamed D. upset ‎38. A. behave B. manage C. help D. work ‎39. A. pushing B. carrying C. buying D. holding ‎40. A. goods B. bottles C. foods D. bags ‎41. A. excited B. determined C. energetic D. grateful ‎42. A. since B. unless C. although D. as ‎43. A. sound B. get C. feel D. look ‎44. A. exchange B. leave C. keeps D. spread ‎45. A. sell B. deliver C. host D. pack ‎46. A. contribute B. lead C. apply D. agree ‎47. A. campaign B. trip C. procedure D. trial ‎48. A. elderly B. hungry C. lonely D. sick ‎49. A. aware B. afraid C. proud D. sure ‎50 A. going B. sleeping C. traveling D. playing ‎51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments ‎52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts ‎53. A. for B. through C. besides D. along ‎54. A. healthy B. public C. normal D. tough ‎55. A. choice B. profit C. judgment D. difference ‎【答案】‎ ‎36-40 BDCAD 41-44BACDC 46-50AABCB 51-55ADCCD ‎【解析】‎ 本文讲述Hannah Taylor通过自己的努力来建立公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无家可归忍饥挨饿的人。‎ ‎36.考查动词。A. jumping 跳B. eating 吃 C. crying 哭 D. waving挥手他们看见一个人从垃圾桶里捡东西吃，根据后文的hungry可知答案为B。‎ ‎37.考查形容词。A. annoyed 生气的B. nervous 紧张的C. ashamed 羞耻的D. upset难过的。Hannah很难过，选D。‎ ‎38.考查动词。A. behave表现,行为举止B. manage 成功做C. help帮助D. work工作。Hannah开始思考她如何能帮到他们，故选C。‎ ‎39.考查动词。A. pushing 推B. carrying 拿C. buying买D. holding握。购物车肯定是推着的，故选A。‎ ‎40.考查名词。A. goods 货物B. bottles瓶子C. foods 食物D. bags包。车上堆满了包，选D。‎ ‎41.考查形容词。A. excited 激动的B. determined下决心的C. energetic精力充沛的D. grateful感激的。她更加下定决心把这件事做好，故选B。‎ ‎42.考查连词。A. since 自从B. unless 除非C. although尽管D. as因为。此处是指自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，选A。‎ ‎43. 考察动词。根据前文Hannah的妈妈说帮助他人不会让她感觉和以前一样糟糕，可知feel最符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎44. 考察动词。A. exchange交换，B. leave离开，C. keep保持，D. spread传播。根据句意，它希望她的希冀可以传播开来，故选D。‎ ‎45. 考察动词。本句表达的意思是Hannah在举办午餐活动，可知host最符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎46. 考察动词。根据句意：她试图劝说那些商业经营能够贡献力量。contribute…to…“对……做贡献”符合语境，故选A。‎ ‎47.考查名词。A. campaign 运动B. trip 旅行C. procedure 过程D. trial实验。此处指又一项运动，故选A。‎ ‎48.考查形容词。A. elderly 年纪大的B. hungry 饥饿的C. lonely 孤独的D. sick 生病的。此处是指为那些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，选B。‎ ‎49.考查形容词。A. aware 意识的B. afraid 害怕的C. proud 骄傲的 D. sure肯定的。此处是指Hannah非常骄傲的东西，故选C。‎ ‎50.考查动词。A. going 去B. sleeping 睡 C. traveling 旅行D. playing玩。当天冷到在室外睡觉就意味着死的时候，故选B。‎ ‎51.考查名词。A. praises赞美B. invitations邀请C. replies回复D. appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，答案为A。‎ ‎52.考查名词。A. needs 需要 B. interests 兴趣C. dreams梦想D. efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，故选D。‎ ‎53.考查介词。A. for 为了B. through 通过C. besides 此外D. along沿着。但是除了所有的这些之外，Hannah依然过着Winnipeg学校一名女生的普通的生活。选C ‎54.考查形容词。A. healthy 健康的B. public 公共的C. normal 正常的，普通的D. tough艰难的。根据上题题意可知答案为C。‎ ‎55.考查名词。A. choice选择B. profit 利润C. judgement 判断D. difference不同。此处为固定短语：make a difference：起作用，有影响，选D。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well —Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.‎ Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”‎ It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. “Does anyone know CPR?”‎ CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood ‎ moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.‎ Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.‎ Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.‎ ‎“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life”‎ Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”‎ ‎56. What happened to Paris on a March day?‎ A. She caught a bad cold.‎ B. She had a sudden heart problem.‎ C. She was knocked down by a ball.‎ D. She shivered terribly during practice ‎57. Why does Paris say she was lucky?‎ A. She made a worthy friend.‎ B. She recovered from shock.‎ C. She received immediate CPR.‎ D. She came back on the softball team.‎ ‎58. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?‎ A. Enthusiastic and kind.‎ B. Courageous and calm.‎ C. Cooperative and generous.‎ D. Ambitious and professional.‎ ‎【答案】56 B 57 C 58 B ‎【解析】‎ 本文讲述Taylor Bisbee通过CPR挽救了一名学生的生命的故事。‎ ‎56. B 事实细节题。根据第三段第一行的“Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure”可知。‎ ‎57. C 事实细节题。根据文中倒数第二段“Experts say Paris is right…quickly” 可知。‎ ‎58. B 推理判断题。根据文中Taylor能够迅速给同伴做CPR可知她既冷静又勇敢。‎ B Inspiring young minds!‎ TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.‎ What’s inside?‎ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make — the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life.‎ What is so special about TOKNOW magazine? ‎ Well, it has no ads or promotions inside— instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.‎ Sounds too good to be true?‎ Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.‎ Happy Birthday All Year!‎ What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.‎ ‎ ‎ SUBSCRIBE NOW Annual Subscription Europe £55 Rest of World £65‎ Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe £60 Rest of World £70‎ Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.‎ ‎59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?‎ A. It entertains young parents.‎ B. It provides serious advertisements.‎ C. It publishes popular science fictions.‎ D. It combines fun with complex concepts.‎ ‎60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?‎ A. Online courses.‎ B. Articles on new topics.‎ C. Lectures on a balanced life.‎ D. Reports on scientific discoveries.‎ ‎61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?‎ A. £55. B. £60. C. £65. D. £70.‎ ‎62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get _________.‎ A. free birthday presents B. full refund within 28 days C. membership of the TOKNOW club D. chances to meet the experts in person ‎【答案】59D 60B 61D 62B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。‎ ‎59.根据第一个方框内的描述TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children可知，TOKNOW使复杂的理论变得具有吸引力，能够被孩子们接受，故选D。‎ ‎60.根据第二个方框内的内容Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make可知，每月杂志都会用文章，实验，创新作来引出新话题，故选B。‎ ‎61.根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack所在部分可知答案是D。‎ ‎62.根据文章最后一句“the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your ‎ money back.”可知，28天内可全额退款，故选B。‎ C Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.‎ Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.‎ ‎63. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.‎ A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention ‎ C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly ‎64. Herd immunity works well when _________.‎ A. exemptions are allowed B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in ‎ D. new regulations are added to the state laws ‎65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?‎ A. The overuse of vaccine.‎ B. The lack of medical care.‎ C. The features of measles itself.‎ D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.‎ ‎66. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To introduce the idea of exemption.‎ B. To discuss methods to cure measles.‎ C. To stress the importance of vaccination.‎ D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.‎ ‎【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C ‎【解析】‎ 本文讲述麻疹在历史上造成的危害及现状，以及导致病例上升的原因。‎ ‎63. A 事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“The number might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”可知，故选A。‎ ‎64. C 事实细节题。根据第三段第一行“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in” 可知，故选C。‎ ‎65. D 事实细节题。根据文中可知麻疹的再次兴起是因为人们抵制注射疫苗，故选D。‎ ‎66. C 目的推断题。本文介绍了麻疹的再次兴起是因为人们反对注射疫苗的原因，旨在强调注射疫苗的重要性。其他选项与题意不符，故选C。‎ D Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”‎ A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.‎ The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.‎ ‎67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _________.‎ A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician ‎68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to _________.‎ A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independently C. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in international chess matches ‎69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to _________.‎ A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beings C. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots’ affecting the world ‎70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?‎ A. It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B. It will get worse with human interference.‎ C. It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ ‎【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C ‎【解析】‎ 本文讲述人工智能对人类生活的影响，以及可能会诱发的问题。‎ ‎67. A 事实细节题。根据第一段第二行“The real problem relates…we really want”可知，故选A。‎ ‎68. A 事实细节题。根据文中第二段第二行“a wish to preserve its own existence”可知，故选A。‎ ‎69. D 事实细节题。根据文中第三段第三行“using them to answer…the real world”可知，故选D。‎ ‎70. C 事实细节题。根据最后一段第一句“Solving the safety problem…but not easy”可知，故选C。‎ 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ____71____‎ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ____72____ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.‎ Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to from the next day. ____73____‎ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ____74____ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.‎ Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ____75____ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.‎ A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.‎ B. Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.‎ C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.‎ D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.‎ E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.‎ F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.‎ G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.‎ ‎【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B ‎【解析】‎ 本文讲述了水面的重要性。‎ ‎71. C 上句中提到“当实验室的老鼠不睡觉，它们会在一个月内死掉”，所以下句有“与之相似的是，当人们不睡觉时，他会生病。‎ ‎72. E 上句讲了“睡眠帮助我们加强记忆”，所以下句中“这就是为什么睡觉之后学生们在考试中考得更好了。”‎ ‎73. F 下句中有“…he is right”, 表明上句中一定提到了Tononi的话。‎ ‎74. G 下句中有“The synapses in the mice”表明上句话应该是有提到mice的，故G正确。‎ ‎75. B 下句为“You keep what matters”, 意思为“你保存重要的东西”，意思与B一致。‎ 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） ‎ 第一节 （15分）‎ 你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1.你建议的线路；‎ ‎2.你的理由；‎ ‎3.你的祝愿。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】略 ‎【解析】‎ 这篇应用文考察是关于旅游线路的建议信。文中的要点非常明确，要求写出建议的路线、建议的原因、以及你的祝愿即可。内容与2016‎ 年北京西城高三二模的题目非常类似，都是对于旅游路线的介绍。大家可以选择参观泰山，因为在那里既能欣赏到美丽的自然风景还能学习到很多关于泰山的历史文化知识，并且爬泰山也是一项非常锻炼身心健康的活动，题目的要点和句式大家基本上都写过，作文难度一般。‎ 第二节 （20 分）‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video ‎【答案】略 ‎【解析】‎ 这篇图画作文考察的是为母校制作毕业纪念视频的活动，属于学校集体活动的内容，难度中等。通过审题，同学们可以看出图一是大家为了毕业视频设计展开讨论；图二是大家在学校的各个建筑前拍照，并对老师进行采访；图三是在视频制作室制作视频，大家纷纷出谋划策；图四是在礼堂里观看毕业视频，大家一起鼓掌。最后的感受一定要落到通过这次活动加深了我们对于学校的热爱这个点上去，只要大家把握清楚了作文的基本要点和主题思想，加上作文中没有什么难词需要表达，应该是一篇比较容易拿到高分的作文。‎