2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

Great Scientists 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Discovering the beauty of the science and math that shape our everyday lives，an experience in WonderLab will fuel your imagination and inspire you to see the world around you in new and exciting ways.Come and enjoy yourself!‎ What to see Spread across seven different zones，there're loads of opportunities to get hands on with real scientific phenomena.Observe live experiments at our Chemistry Bar，see lightning strike before your eyes，play with forces on giant slides or travel through space under a canopy(苍穹)of stars.You can also take part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers.With 50 mindblowing wonders of science to enjoy，WonderLab is an experience unlike any other.Besides，a selection of shows will be performed daily in WonderLab's beautiful new show space.They are free of charge and last 20 minutes.‎ Tickets ‎●Day pass：￡6 per person.‎ This ticket gives you daylong access to WonderLab，perfect whether you're planning a special trip to the Museum or simply passing through London and want to feed your curiosity.‎ ‎●Annual pass：￡10 per person.‎ For less than the price of two visits，give yourself a year packed full of wonder，curiosity and breathtaking experiences.‎ Opening times Open seven days a week,10：00－18：00(last entry 17：15)．WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27.‎ During school holidays our opening hours are 10：00－19：00(last entry 18：15)．Please note that in peak periods(from midday onwards)we are experiencing long queues due to the gallery's popularity.‎ ‎1．What can you do in WonderLab?‎ A．Explore stars.‎ B．Produce lighting.‎ C．Join in explosion shows.‎ D．Do chemistry experiments.‎ 11‎ ‎2．How much should two visitors pay if they visit WonderLab and enjoy the shows for one day?‎ A．￡12.　 B．￡20.‎ C．￡32. D．￡40.‎ ‎3．When can you enter WonderLab?‎ A．9：30 on December 23.‎ B．18：30 on school holidays.‎ C．11：00 on Christmas.‎ D．10：30 on December 28.‎ ‎4．What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To introduce WonderLab.‎ B．To attract people to WonderLab.‎ C．To explain how WonderLab works.‎ D．To analyze why WonderLab is attractive.‎ 体裁：应用文　题材：新闻广告　主题：科技展 ‎【解题导语】文章介绍了WonderLab的活动、票价及时间安排等信息，吸引大家前去参观游玩。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。依据What to see小标题下的You can also take part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers.可知，你可以参加爆炸演示。故选C项。‎ ‎2．A　推理判断题。从题干可知两位游客适合买第一种票，依据Day pass：￡6 per person.可知，两位游客游览一天需要的门票费用为12英镑。故选A项。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。依据Opening times小标题下的Open seven days a week,10：00－18：00(last entry 17：15)．WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27.以及During school holidays our opening hours are 10：00－19：00(last entry 18：15)．可知，平时的开放时间是10点到18点，圣诞节期间闭馆，在学校假期的开放时间是10点到19点，最后准许进入的时间是18：15，只有D项符合。‎ ‎4．B　推理判断题。文章介绍了WonderLab的活动、票价及时间安排等信息，再根据第一段末尾Come and enjoy yourself！可知，本文的写作目的是吸引人们参观WonderLab。故选B项。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin.‎ 答案：did　“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语从句when 11‎ ‎ he arrived可知，应用一般过去时，故填did。‎ ‎2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting.‎ 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则，故填is。‎ ‎3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.‎ 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ...“全神贯注于……”，此处为分词作状语，故填Absorbed。‎ ‎4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.‎ 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接触……”。‎ ‎5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about the future.‎ 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是没有意义的”。‎ ‎6．While ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields.‎ 答案：attending　attend to “处理；照料”，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，补充完整为：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。‎ ‎7．The bank manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk.‎ 答案：to blame　be to blame “应受责备；应承担责任”，为主动形式表示被动意义。‎ ‎8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children.‎ 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“为……奉献……”，其中to为介词，其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式，故填setting。‎ ‎9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts on TV.‎ 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词idea。‎ ‎10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver.‎ 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ Many people are constantly waiting for their life to start. “When I’m older I’ll 11‎ ‎ do this.” and “In a few years I’ll do that.” They think the life they are ___1___ is boring and meaningless.‎ Who has never viewed himself or herself ___2___ worthless and unattractive?‎ In others’ eyes, you are always “the funny one” and become loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling, ___3___ few people know about the way you feel.‎ All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support, and thus need ___5___ physically, or spiritually.‎ Just think like this way: ___6___ feelings I am feeling will eventually go away.‎ I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself and actually want to ___7___. I am a(n)___8___ lucky person who has come from a family where there is full of love and support.‎ I have to be the one to make the ___9___ to change my way of thinking.‎ All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too. ___10___ I am feeling miserable, my life is still going on and I am missing out on ___11___ those precious moments.‎ We all have terrible things which happen to us and will ___12___ each of us differently.‎ The most important thing to remember is that our ___13___ aren’t what define us. What defines us is how we ‎___14___ what has happened to us and how we change the way we think about it.‎ We can either let it become us or we can use our newly found ___15___ to change a little bit of the world around us all.‎ There’s something much bigger than us and our problems. It is always ___16___ to remember that there is always someone who is in a ___17___ much worse than our own.‎ Nevertheless, I am well on the ___18___ to becoming the person I want to be and I have goals and expectations of myself. I am now ___19___ that my life has started.‎ It started years ago and it’s not ___20___ over yet. It’s happening right now. Yours is too.‎ 11‎ 语篇解读：很多人都在等待最好的生活，其实最好的生活就在当下。‎ ‎1. A.opposing B. predicting C. experiencing D. expecting ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据第一段第一句“很多人都在等待自己生命的新起点”可知，他们觉得现在的生活很乏味无趣 的。experience 经历，符合语境。oppose 反对；predict 预言，预料；expect 预料，期望。故选 C 项。‎ ‎2. A.of B. as C. for D. with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】view...as...把……看作……，为固定搭配。故选 B 项。谁没有把自己看成是毫无价值、毫不吸引人 的人呢?‎ ‎3. A.though B. or C. so D. but ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】设空前的“In others’ eyes, you are always ‘the funny one’ and become loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling”(在别人的眼中，你可能是一个“很有趣的人” 。你用大声喧嚣和过于 自信来掩盖自己真正的想法)和该空后的“few people know about the way you feel”(很少有人看透你)‎ 之间是转折关系。而 though 表示的是让步关系。故选 D 项。‎ ‎4. A.suffer B. arise C. differ D. result ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据设空后的“from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知选 suffer。suffer from 意为“遭受”， 其后常接表示疾病、 自然灾害的词， 或接 loneliness， overpopulation 等词。 arise from 由……引起；differ from 与……不同；result from 由……造成。故选 A 项。我们所有人都会经历 11‎ 挫折和沮丧，失去指引和支持，无论物质、情感还是精神上都急切需要治愈。‎ ‎5. A.growth B. service C. aid D. sacrifice ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 根据上文中的“All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知，‎ 下文是说我们都需要身体上或精神上的帮助。growth 增长，成长；service 服务；aid 援助，帮助；‎ sacrifice 牺牲。故选 C 项。‎ ‎6. A.pleasant B. horrible C. sensitive D. casual ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据第八段第一句“All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too.”可知，设空处所在句与该句形成对比，因此该处表示“糟糕的感觉最终会烟消云散的”。‎ pleasant 令人愉快的；horrible 糟糕的，可怕的；sensitive 敏感的；casual 满不在乎的。故选 B 项。‎ ‎7. A.relax B. move C. reject D. change ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 根据空前的“I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself”(我需要停止顾影自怜)可知， 下文应是作出“改 变”。relax 放松；move 移动，搬动；reject 拒绝；change 改变。故选 D 项。不应再自怨自艾，而 要切切实实地谋求改变。‎ ‎8. A.incredibly B. eventually C. merely D. skeptically ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】incredibly 难以置信地，很，极为，非常；eventually 最后，终于；merely 仅仅，只不过；skeptically 怀疑地。句意：我是个非常幸运的人，来自于一个充满爱和支持的家庭。分析句子结构可知，设 空处引导定语从句，先行词是 family，且从句中缺少状语，故用 where 引导。故选 A 项。‎ 11‎ ‎9. A.mistake B. difference C. decision D. comment ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据设空后的“to change my way of thinking”可知，此处应是“决定改变我的思考方式”，make the decision 作决定，符合语境。make a mistake 犯错误；make a/the difference 起作用，有影响；make a comment 作出评论。故选 C 项。‎ ‎10. A.Because B. While C. Unless D. When ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为：尽管我现在感觉很痛苦，但生活还是要继续，我会错过欣赏这些宝贵时刻的机会。“I am feeling miserable”与“my life is still going on”之间是让步关系，while 意为“尽管”，表让步，符合 语境。故选 B 项。‎ ‎11. A.calculating B. imagining C. forgetting D. appreciating ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意见上题。根据设空后的“precious moments”(宝贵时刻)可知，应是“欣赏，赞美”。calculate 计算，预估；imagine 想象；forget 忘记；appreciate 欣赏。故选 D 项。尽管自己沉溺于痛苦之中，‎ 而生命的时间漏斗仍不停流转，那你将错过那些值得赞美的珍贵时刻。‎ ‎12. A.attract B. treat C. affect D. benefit ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意为：我们都会遇到一些不幸的事，它们会对我们产生不一样的影响。根据常识可知，发生在 我们身上的事总是影响到我们。attract 吸引；treat 对待；affect 影响；benefit 有益于。故选 C 项。‎ ‎13. A.characters B. problems C. advantages D. experiences ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】character 个性，性格，角色；problem 问题；advantage 优点；experience 11‎ ‎ 经历。故选 B 项。根据 倒数第三段第一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”也可推出此处选 problems。‎ ‎14. A.care about B. make up C. deal with D. answer for ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】重要的是，你要记住，我们遇到的问题不能定义我们的本质。能定义我们的，是我们处理问题的 方法，以及我们对待问题的态度转变。care about 关心，在意；make up 形成，构成，编造，化妆；‎ deal with 处理；answer for 负责。故选 C 项。‎ ‎15. A.wisdom B. energy C. chance D. patience ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据设空前的 newlyfound 及空后的“to change a little bit of the world around us all”可知，改变世界 应该用“智慧”。wisdom 智慧；energy 能量；chance 机会，机遇；patience 耐心。故选 A 项。我 们或许放任自流，又或许利用我们发现的新智慧改变我们周边发生的事情。‎ ‎16. A.difficult B. obvious C. typical D. important ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据前一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”可知，记得总有人的处境比我 们的更糟糕，这是很重要的(important)。故选 D 项。‎ ‎17. A.game B. relation C. position D. distance ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据语境可知，此处指有些人的处境比我们的更糟糕。position 位置；game 游戏；relation 关系；‎ distance 距离。故选 C 项。比我们自身和我们所遇到的问题还重要的事情大有所在。切勿忘记总 有人的处境比我们的更糟糕。‎ 11‎ ‎18. A.turn B. way C. corner D. direction ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】on the way to...意为“在去……的路上”，符合句意。turn 转变；corner 拐角处；direction 方向。‎ 故选 B 项。‎ ‎19. A. aware B. surprised C. afraid D. worried ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据最后一段可知，“我”现在意识到我的生活已经发生了改变。aware 意识到的，明白的；‎ surprised 惊讶的；afraid 害怕的；worried 担忧的。故选 A 项。然而，我们有自己的目标和期待，‎ 并在自己选择的人生道路上很好的前进着。我们必须从现在起意识到属于自己的人生其实已经开 始。‎ ‎20. A.even B. nearly C. only D. much ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】我的人生在好久之前已经开始了，而且还没结束。现在还是进行时。你的也一样。not nearly 意为 ‎“远非，绝不是”，符合语境。故选 B 项。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：defeating→defeated　此处表示在比赛中被打败，故应用过去分词表被动。‎ ‎2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in the newspaper.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神贯注于……”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 11‎ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，为固定用法，故去掉a。‎ ‎4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 连接两主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。‎ ‎5．The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　该句中已有谓语动词is, 故put forward at yesterday's meeting为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰作主语的名词plan；也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan，因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，所以在was前加which/that。‎ 五、七选五 Think about what you've learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you.‎ ‎ 1 ‎ The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露). ‎ Try to understand where it's coming from，and why.‎ Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？It's important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 ‎ Resist the urge to dish it out.‎ Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she can't take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might become a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine.‎ Resist the urge to take revenge.‎ If you've been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye”． 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 ‎ 11‎ A．Be cautious about making friends.‎ B．Be careful about your private information.‎ C．Try to persuade more people to be on your side.‎ D．So if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs.‎ E．In other words，don't be the person to spread rumors.‎ F．It's tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others.‎ G．And make you as much of a bully(恃强凌弱者)as any other rumor starter.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。讲述的是如何正确应对谣言。‎ ‎1．B　[根据下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露)．”可知，本段主要讲的是“对你自己的隐私要小心谨慎”，故选B项。B项中的“private information”也与文中的“private information”相匹配。]‎ ‎2．D　[根据本段的小标题“Try to understand where it's coming from，and why.”及空前的内容可知，对谣言作出反应前，弄清楚谣言很重要。所以如果你能的话，要弄清楚谣言的来源和起因，故D项符合语境。]‎ ‎3．E　[根据本段的小标题“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空处上下文的内容可知，空处讲的应是不要散播谣言相关的内容，故E项符合语境。]‎ ‎4．F　[根据下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空处的内容应是报复的方法，故F项符合语境。]‎ ‎5．G　[根据上文的内容可知，如果以散布谣言的方式报复别人的话，你可能会在短期内感觉良好，但是最后，这只会使得谣言继续被散布，故G项承接上文，进一步说明了这种报复方式的消极后果。]‎ 11‎