2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4

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2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4

‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4‎ ‎1.traditional adj.传统的,惯例的 In traditional Chinese culture,marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.‎ 在传统的中国文化中,父母常常为儿女操办婚姻。‎ 考点提示:‎ tradition n.         传统,常规,惯例 follow/keep up the tradition 遵循传统 break the tradition 打破传统 according to tradition 据传统 There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.‎ A. tradition B.balance C.concern D.Relationship 完成句子:‎ ‎(1)The MidAutumn Day is a ________(传统的)festival of China.‎ ‎(2)“When in Rome,do as the Romans do”means we should follow the________(传统,惯例)of a country.‎ ‎2.include vt.‎ ‎(1)包含,包括 Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.你的职责包括替我安排预约。[剑桥高阶]‎ The price includes postage charges.‎ 这个价钱包含邮资。‎ ‎(2)把……列在里面,算入,计入 include...in/on/among...‎ He includes me among his friends.他把我当作朋友。‎ I include eggs on the list of things to buy.‎ 我把鸡蛋列入购物单中。‎ 考点提示:‎ ‎(1)including(介词)包含、包括(置于名词前)‎ Seven people died in the accident,including a baby.‎ 七人在事故中丧生,包括一个婴儿。‎ ‎(2)included adj.(置于名词之后)‎ Many people went to the party,me included(=including me).许多人参加了聚会,包括我在内。‎ contain/include辨析 ‎(1)contain指作为组成部分而被“含有”或“容纳”在内,是内容物的包括。‎ ‎(2)include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,是范围的包括。‎ ‎(1)This atlas(地图册)________40 maps,________3 of the Great Britain.‎ A.contains;including B.includes;containing C.contains;containing D.includes;including ‎(2)At least twenty people were injured in the car accident,three children________.‎ A.contained B.including C.were included D.included ‎3.celebrate vt.‎&vi.庆祝 How do people celebrate New Year in your country?‎ 你们国家的人怎样庆祝新年?‎ 考点提示:‎ celebration n.           庆祝;典礼;庆祝会 celebrate Christmas/one's birthday 庆祝圣诞节/某人的生日 have/hold a celebration 举行一个庆祝会 in celebration of... 为了庆祝……‎ congratulate sb on sth /doing sth 祝贺某人某事/做某事 congratulations to sb on sth /doing sth ‎ ‎ 祝贺某人某事/做某事 congratulate/celebrate辨析 ‎(1)congratulate的意思是“祝贺”,其宾语必须是人,使用congratulate sb on sth 结构;也常用其复数形式congratulations。‎ ‎(2)celebrate的宾语是物,如节日、结婚纪念日、生日等令人欢乐的事情或日子。‎ 用congratulate,celebrate填空 ‎(1)We held a party in________of this victory.‎ ‎(2)I offered my________on his success.‎ ‎(3)We held a________to________his birthday.‎ ‎(4)In the________,we________him on his promotion.‎ ‎4.darkness n.黑暗 I can see nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。‎ The city centre was plunged into darkness by the power cut.市中心因停电变得一片漆黑。‎ darkness/dark辨析 darkness与dark没有绝对的区别。但darkness常指一时的黑暗;dark表示经常或长时间的黑暗,用时须加the,另外它与介词at,before,after连用表示“黄昏”“傍晚”。‎ keep sth in the dark     暗中做某事 keep sth dark 对某事保密 keep sb in the dark 对某人保密 用dark的有关短语填空 ‎(1)They all knew the truth.Only I was ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎(2)It's wrong for them to keep it ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎5.destroy v.破坏,毁坏 The building was pletely destroyed by fire.‎ 这个建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。‎ All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.‎ 他回信拒绝,我的希望完全破灭。‎ They have destroyed all the evidence.‎ 他们销毁了一切证据。‎ 考点提示:‎ destruction n.     破坏,摧毁 destructive adj. 造成毁灭或严重破坏的 destroy/damage/harm辨析 ‎(1)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏。‎ ‎(2)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏。‎ ‎(3)harm一般指身心、健康、名声的损害。‎ ‎(1)The noises not only make it difficult to sleep,but they are ________ damage to our houses and shops.‎ A.doing B.making C.putting D.raising ‎(2)The heavy rain________the hope of a picnic.‎ A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed D.hurt ‎(3)He was lucky enough to escape being killed in the accident,but his car was pletely________.‎ A.damaged B.struck C.failed D.destroyed ‎6.serve ‎(1)vt.为……服务,效力 We should serve the people heart and soul.‎ 我们应该全心全意为人民服务。‎ ‎(2)vt.接待,招呼(顾客等)‎ The shop assistant is serving a customer.‎ 商店服务员正在接待一位顾客。‎ First e,first served.先来者先被接待。(先来后到)‎ ‎(3)vt.端上(饭菜),供应饮食 serve sb with sth 拿……来招待某人;供应……‎ The waiter served us with wine.服务生给我们倒酒。‎ ‎(4)vt.‎&vt.服刑,服役,担任职务 The soldier has served in the army for 3 years.‎ 那个士兵已服3年兵役。‎ The man served a long sentence in prison for his crime.‎ 那个人为他犯的罪要长期服刑。‎ ‎(5)serve as 担任(某职务),充任;权当,当……用 He served two terms as president.他担任过两届总统。‎ When they slept in the open,dry leaves served as blanket.‎ 当他们在野外睡觉时,干树叶就当毛毯用。‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(1)他服侍主人多年。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎(2)他拿出水果来招待我们。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎7.swallow ‎(1)vt.‎& vi.吞;咽 He had a sore throat and found it difficult to swallow.‎ 他嗓子疼,觉得咽东西困难。‎ ‎(2)vt.吞没;吞噬 The waves swallowed up the boat.浪涛吞噬船只。‎ ‎(3)n.吞;咽 Take the medicine at one swallow.一口把药吞下。‎ ‎(4)n.燕子 One swallow does not make a summer.‎ 一燕不成夏。(谚语)‎ 完成句子:‎ ‎(1)It's difficult for you to ________(吞下整个鸡蛋).‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(2)洪水吞没一切挡在它路上的东西。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎8.mess n.混乱 考点提示:‎ ‎ in a mess    乱七八糟 ‎ make a mess 搞乱 Your books and magazines are almost in a mess; go and put them in order.‎ 你的书和杂志简直乱七八糟,去把它们整理一下。‎ Margie's bedroom was in a ________, with books and papers covering every possible surface.‎ A.litter B.disorder C.mess D.rubbish ‎ ‎9.adopt v.采纳;收养 Our school has adopted a new teaching method.‎ 我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。‎ They are not my real parents; I am adopted.‎ 他们不是我的亲生父母,我是被收养的。‎ Those children had to ________ their parents' suggestion.‎ A.admit B.adopt C.adapt D.add ‎10.honour n.荣誉 v.给予某人荣誉 an honour to sb      给予某人荣誉 have the honour to do sth =have the honour of doing sth ‎ ‎ 有做……的荣幸 in honour of sb / sth 向……表示敬意;为纪念……‎ Will you honour me with a visit?可否请您光临?‎ He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。‎ She is an honour to our school.她是我校的光荣。‎ May I have the honour of dancing with you?‎ 我有荣幸与你跳舞吗?‎ ‎(1)I feel greatly honoured ________ into your group.‎ A.to wele B.weling C.to be weled D.weled ‎(2)The street was named after a great man________ his great contributions to the city.‎ A.in honour of B.instead of C.in case of D.in need of 答案:1.A [句意:我们办公室有这样一个惯例,那就是当有人过生日的时候,他们会带块蛋糕来和我们一起分享。tradition 传统;balance 平衡;concern 关心,担心;relationship 关系。]‎ ‎(1)traditional (2)tradition ‎2.(1)A (2)D ‎3.(1)celebration (2)congratulations (3)celebration;celebrate (4)celebration;congratulated ‎4.(1)in the dark (2)in the dark ‎5.(1)A (2)B (3)D ‎6.(1)He has served his master for many years.‎ ‎(2)He served us with fruit.‎ ‎7.(1)swallow a whole egg (2)The flood swallowed everything in its way.‎ ‎8.C [句意:麦奇的卧室乱七八糟,书和纸弄得到处都是。mess意为“零乱状态”;litter意为“废纸屑,垃圾,破烂”;disorder意为“杂乱,混乱,无秩序”;rubbish意为“垃圾,废物”。]‎ ‎9.B [句意:那些孩子不得不采纳父母的建议。admit 承认;adopt 采纳;adapt 适应;add添加。]‎ ‎10.(1)C [句意:受到你们组的欢迎是我莫大的荣幸。wele 与I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故wele 须用被动语态形式。]‎ ‎(2)A [句意:那条街以一个伟人的名字命名的,是为了纪念他对这个城市所作的巨大贡献。]‎ ‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练5‎ ‎1.surprise n.惊奇,惊奇的事 I have got a big surprise for you.‎ 我给你带来了一个大的惊喜。‎ v.使吃惊 What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊讶的是她有如此甜美的嗓音。‎ to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是 To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.‎ 令我惊讶的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务。‎ 注意:surprising 表示令人惊讶;主语通常是使人惊讶的事;surprised 表示主语本身产生的情绪,主语是人。‎ What you've told me is surprising.‎ 你给我讲的情况真令人吃惊。‎ The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊讶。‎ Though ________ to see us,the professor gave us a warm wele.‎ A. surprise B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised ‎2.disaster n.灾难,不幸,祸患 Fires,floods and earthquakes are disasters.‎ 火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。‎ This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经历的最严重的自然灾害之一。‎ 考点提示:‎ disasteraffected area   受灾地区 a traffic disaster 交通惨祸 a disaster to sb 某人的灾难 escape disaster 逃避灾难 die in the disaster 死于灾祸 The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended________.‎ A.with disaster B.in disaster C.with destroy D.in fail ‎3.promote vt.‎ ‎(1)促进,增进 Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康。‎ The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。‎ ‎(2)使(某人)升级,擢升(某人)至……(to)‎ The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.‎ 这个男孩升到四年级。‎ The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.‎ 这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。‎ ‎(3)(在宣传上)促销,推销(商品)‎ Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product?如何来推销这种产品你有什么办法吗?‎ 考点提示:‎ promote...as       把……推广为 promote sb to the post of 升某人担当……职位 promote sb to... 晋升某人为……‎ 注意:promote sb to之后表职位的名词不加冠词。‎ 完成句子:‎ ‎(1)我们的老师已被提升为校长了。‎ Our teacher has ________ ________ ________ headmaster.‎ ‎(2)这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。‎ The pany are ________ ________ ________ ________ on television.‎ ‎(3)他晋升为新工厂的经理。‎ He ________ ________ ________ of the new workshop.‎ ‎4.expect v.盼望;认为;预料 The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.‎ 租金比我们预计要付的多得多。‎ He didn't expect to see me.他没有料到会碰见我。‎ 考点提示:‎ expect+代词/名词/that从句  盼望;预料 expect to do sth 盼望做某事 expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事 than expected 比预料中的 I expect so. 我想是这样的。‎ I expect not=I don't expect so. 我认为不是这样。‎ I don't expect that... 我认为……不……(否定前移)‎ I've worked with children before,so I know what________in my new job.‎ A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects ‎5mit vt.‎ ‎(1)犯(罪、错等)‎ They mitted many horrible crimes against the people.‎ 他们对人民犯下许多可怕的罪行。‎ If we don't understand this,we shall mit mistakes.‎ 我们如果不理解这一点,就会犯错误。‎ mit suicide     自杀 mit crimes 犯罪 mit mistakes 犯错误 ‎(2)交托;交付;移交(为保管或处理)‎ The boy was mitted to the care of his uncle.‎ 这个男孩被委托给他的叔叔照管。‎ He mitted himself to the cause of education.‎ 他投身于教育事业。‎ ‎(3)承诺;受誓约的约束 He refused to mit himself to any sort of promise.‎ 他拒不作出任何承诺。‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(1)The hero in the novel mitted suicide at the end of the book.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎(2)I mitted the matter to the care of a friend.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎6.injury n.损伤,伤害 Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury.‎ 别那样做,你会把自己弄伤的。‎ Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.‎ 在这次撞车事故中火车上几名乘客受重伤。‎ do sb an injury=do an injury to sb    伤害某人 the injured n. 受伤的人,伤员 injury/wound/hurt/harm/damage辨析 ‎(1)injury n.指平时的大小创伤或伤害。‎ He got serious injuries to the legs at work.‎ 他干活时腿受了重伤。‎ ‎(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤,伤口。‎ The soldier received two wounds in the battle.‎ 这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤。‎ ‎(3)hurt尤指精神上和感情上的伤害,肉体上的伤痛。‎ The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的伤害比身体上的伤痛更严重。‎ ‎(4)harm;damage指损失,损害,不表示伤痛。‎ The storm did great harm to the crops.‎ 这场暴风雨对庄稼危害很大。‎ The earthquake caused damage to the city.‎ 这场地震对这城市造成了危害。‎ ‎(1)You'd better have a first aid box at hand in case of some mon________at home.‎ A.hurt B.damage C.wounds D.injuries ‎(2)As we all know,smoking does________to the health of smokers themselves and those around them.‎ A.harm B.injury C.hurt D.wound ‎(3)The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any________to the newly planted trees.‎ A.damage B.injury C.hurt D.wound ‎7.react vi.‎ ‎(1)react on(upon)对……起作用,对……有影响 Your applause would react on(upon)the speaker.‎ 你们的喝彩对演说者有影响。‎ Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.‎ 恶人有恶报。‎ ‎(2)react against反抗,反对 People soon reacted against the new government.‎ 人们不久便起来反对新政府。‎ He reacted against everything he had been taught.‎ 教他什么他都会唱对台戏。‎ ‎(3)react to对……作出反应 How did your mother react to the news?‎ 你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样?‎ Our eyes react to light.我们的眼睛对光起反应。‎ ‎(4)react with与……起反应 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.‎ 铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。‎ 介词填空:‎ ‎(1)Dogs react________kindness________waging their tails.‎ ‎(2)He reacted________his parents' strictness and left home.‎ ‎(3)The rise of oil costs reacted ________the price of food.‎ ‎(4)He didn't react________the loud noise and kept on working.‎ ‎8.admire vt.钦佩,羡慕 ;欣赏 ‎ admire sb for sth /doing sth    因为做某事佩服某人 ‎ admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏 ‎ have admiration for 对……表示钦佩 ‎ with/in admiration 钦佩地 ‎ I really admire your enthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。‎ I have great admiration for her as a writer.‎ 我十分钦佩她这个作家。‎ 完成句子:‎ 我钦佩他的勇气。‎ I ________ him ________ his courage.‎ ‎9.impact n.影响;冲击;撞击 ‎ Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the crisis.‎ 企业开始感受到了经济危机的全面影响。‎ The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.‎ 这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。‎ have an impact on...对……有影响 完成句子:‎ His father's death ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ him.‎ 他爸爸的去世对他造成了巨大的影响。‎ ‎10.loss n.损失 ‎ The global financial crisis will lead to a number of job losses.全球金融风暴会让许多人失业。‎ ‎ When she died I was filled with a sense of loss.‎ 她去世后我心里充满了失落感。‎ 考点提示:‎ ‎ make up a loss     弥补损失 ‎ suffer losses 遭受损失 ‎ at a loss 感到迷惑 ‎ ‎—Kate, you look worried now.‎ ‎—Well, I am at ________ loss as to how to solve ________ problem.‎ A.a; the B.a; a C.不填;a D.the; the ‎ 答案:1.C [句意:虽然教授看到我们很吃惊,但还是热烈欢迎我们。Though surprised to see us= Though he was surprised to see us。]‎ ‎2.B ‎3.(1)been promoted to (2)promoting their new products (3)was promoted manager ‎4.B ‎5.(1)在故事的结尾,小说的主人公自杀了。‎ ‎(2)我把这件事委托一位朋友照管。‎ ‎6.(1)D (2)A (3)A ‎7.(1)to;by (2)against (3)on (4)to ‎8.admire; for ‎ ‎9.had a great impact on ‎10.A [句意:——Kate, 你看起来很忧愁。——是的,我不知道怎样解决这个问题。at a loss 不知所措。“解决这个问题”是特指。]‎
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