高考语法填空词性转换

高考语法填空词性转换

‎ 语法填空 ‎ 一、题型介绍：‎ ‎200词左右，类型为，短文或对话, 10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。‎ 二、步骤：‎ ‎ 1. 通读全文，把握大意。（2min）‎ ‎1）对话：确定双方关系，谈话主题，情境，语气等 ‎2）短文：弄清该文体裁，话题，中心思想，结构。‎ 通读全文的目的是为了把握全文的大意，为下一步填空做好语义上的准备。因为语义决定着空白处应填一个什么样的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为了准确地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的题材，体裁，中心思想，写作线索，篇章结构，段落层次，逻辑关系，词句理解等。这样有助于考生真正读懂文章大意，也有利于填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。‎ ‎2. 边读边填，先易后难，语义形式双管齐下 ‎3. 复读全文，检查答案。‎ ‎ （一）‎ Mum (putting on her coat): I’m going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. ‎ Alan: Why? ‎ Mum: I’m not sure what ___61____(happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on ‎ the table ____62_____ I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them ‎ because they’re ___63___(go). ‎ Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in the kitchen___64____(early). ‎ Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished ___65____ them, so he couldn’t have ‎ done it. ____66______, he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis ‎ stuff, so I’m sure ___67____ wasn’t him. ‎ Alan (opening fridge door): Well, it wasn’t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches ‎ here on the bottom shelf of ___68____fridge? ‎ Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ___69___ have put them in there when the phone rang. ‎ Oh, dear. I really must be losing my ___70____. Now, why did I put on my coat?‎ ‎61. happened  62. when 63. gone 64. earlier 65. making 66. Besides/Anyway 67. it 68. the ‎ ‎69. must  70. memory/mind ‎（二）‎ M: Hi, Mrs. Brown, this is Bill Nelson, from Flat Rental Company. How’s your apartment working out for you?‎ W: Well, Mr. Nelson. That’s ______ I would like to talk to you about. Would you mind talking to ‎ the person upstairs and _______ (ask) him to keep his music down at night? ‎ M: Ohhh. Who? Me?‎ W: Yes. It thunders every night. And isn’t ______ your job to take care of these things?‎ M: I just collect _____ rent. ‎ W: And the air here ______ (smell)! Is there a chemical factory nearby? ‎ M: No. It’s the farm. See those horses, pigs and sheep on the farm nearby the river? So there’s nothing I can do about that.‎ W: Well, what about that …noise? ‎ M: What noise? I don’t hear ________ (something).‎ W: There, there it is again. ‎ M: Oh, that noise. I guess that is from the guns. Soldiers are doing their weekly drills. ‎ W: Weekly? You _______ (kid)! Can’t anything be done about it? ‎ M: Certainly. I _______ (protest), and these activities should stop…within the next three to five years.‎ W: Hey, you never told me about these problems _______ I signed the rental agreement! Still expect me to keep ______ the agreement? Well, my lawyer will see you soon.‎ ‎ (三) ‎ ‎ One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1__(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me__2__the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man__3__(sit) at the front. He__4__(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__(mental) disabled.‎ ‎ Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him__8__his own either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made__10__of us feel good.. ‎ ‎1. later 2. until/till 3. sitting 4. was pretending 5. mentally ‎ ‎6. whom 7. they 8. on 9. an 10. both 三、技巧 1. 句子成分：‎ 1） 主语：是一个句子的主体，是动作的发出者。 Kimi likes Ultraman very much It’s a truth that Jeff has many books.‎ 2） 谓语：对主语动作或状态陈述或说明，指出主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”‎ Peter can solve the problem by himself. The music sounds fantastic to us.‎ 3） 宾语：指一个动作（动词）的接受者。 分为动词宾语或介词宾语；也可分为直接宾语和间接宾语。‎ ‎ I am tired of wasting money like this.‎ I think that the price will continue to go up.‎ 4） 表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，位于系动词之后。‎ ‎ 系动词： be(am, is, are); 感官动词（feel,look,sound） 保持类（remain,stay); 变化类（turn,grow，become）‎ Tomorrow is another day. Leaves turn yellow in fall.‎ My dream is that I can be a businessman in the future.‎ 5） 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的成分，使句子意思完整，并与宾语形成主谓关系。‎ I find learning English easy. You should keep your room clean and tidy. We elected him our monitor.‎ 6） 定语：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的成分 The tree in the park has a long history.‎ I have a lot of work to finish.‎ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.‎ 7） 状语：表示一种状态，并且修饰动词,形容词和副词或全句的成分 She runs fast.‎ ‎ I chose English major because girls are much more than boys in it.‎ 8） 同位语 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us 词性 名词 n. 代词 pron. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv. 动词 v. 介词 prep. 冠词 art. 数词 num. 连词 conj.‎ 成份 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 1. 词性转换：‎ ‎1）表语、定语或补语，用形容词。‎ 具体位置：系动词后，名词代词前 ‎[1] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.‎ 解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。‎ ‎[2] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…‎ 解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。‎ ‎[3] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject 解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。‎ ‎2）作主语、宾语，用名词。‎ 具体位置：（谓语前）(及物动词和介词后)‎ ‎[1] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.‎ 解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。‎ ‎[2] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work.‎ 解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。‎ ‎[3] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading… ‎ 解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。‎ ‎3）在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：‎ ‎[1] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. ‎ 解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。‎ ‎[2] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.‎ 解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。‎ ‎4）修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词。‎ ‎[1]  As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that… ‎ 解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。‎ ‎[2] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. ‎ 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。‎ ‎[3]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… ‎ 解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。‎ ‎5）可能词义转换，与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。‎ ‎[1] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).‎ 解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。‎ ‎[2] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.‎ 解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。‎ 课后习题：‎ ‎1. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. ‎ ‎2. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure.‎ ‎3. People aren’t always those who they declare to be in their online 39 (describe)‎ ‎4. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 36 (survive).‎ ‎5. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that 34 (threat) the only home they know.‎ ‎6. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 36 (survive)‎ ‎7. To most of us, friendships are considered 33 (importance)。‎ ‎8. with a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with 32_____ (inform) in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination.‎ ‎9. The man ran to his son, knocked him away, hammered the little boy's hands into pulp(果浆汁) as 33 (punish).‎ ‎10. But somewhere along the line they learn to be ____36____(practice).‎ ‎11．But this type of housing, ___33___(call) co-housing, is gaining ___34___ (popular) in the ‎ United States, too.‎ ‎12. A co-housing community has ___35___ (private) owned houses and shared land.‎ ‎13. 33 ( tradition ), it was the woman's job to cook food and 34 ( set ) the table .‎ ‎14. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and 38 ( bring ) me into her world; a world of smiles, love and 39 ( warm ).‎ ‎15. While your IQ tells you how 36______ (intelligence) you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence.‎ ‎16. I took out my guide book in which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known tourist 34 (attract) and started to read.‎ ‎17. Thanks to the campaign, public 39 (aware) of agricultural product quality and food safety has been strengthened.‎ ‎18. Soon the "toy" turns out to be a communication device lost by aliens, who__36__(desperate) want it back.‎ ‎19. Once again, the other frogs cried at him and told him to stop and just allow himself to die. He jumped even harder and 37 (final)made himself out.‎ ‎20. Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other.‎ ‎21. As far as I am concerned, my 37 (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.‎ ‎22. But some __37__ (put) forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their __38__ (similar) to those found elsewhere."‎ ‎23. Often this child grows up to be funny. But a recent study saw things quite 38 (difference).‎ ‎24. During this time the fortunes of the war were so 34 (change) that no one could predict 35 would win.‎ ‎25. Lina used to be such a bright, ____38____(health) and nice child. “What has turned her into a dope-taker (吸毒者)?” I asked myself.‎ ‎26. His natural 35 (curious) made him wonder about clouds.‎ ‎27. “That would be a very 4 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.‎ ‎28. “But such a small thing couldn’t 8 ( possible ) destroy a village.”‎ ‎29. But Jane knew from past experience that her__6__ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.‎ ‎30. He was my classmate with bad breath and 38 (mess) hair, and he sat right behind me. He didn't have a coat. I knew that because he never went out to play games during the winter. I fingered 39 bill with growing 40 (excite). I would buy Bobbie a coat.‎