高考英语二轮专题语法总复习时态语态

高考英语二轮专题语法总复习时态语态

时态 构成（主动）‎ ‎（被动）‎ 常见搭配词 一般现在时 do/does is +done every day, every year, often, usually 一般过去时 did was+done last year, last Friday, in the past, two days ago, just now，in1996‎ 现在进行时 is doing ‎ is being +done now, at present, this week, these days 过去进行时 was doing was+being done at 8 yesterday, at this time yesterday,含when he came in 等的主句 将来进行时 will be doing ‎(will be being +done)‎ at 8 tomorrow, at this time tomorrow, 含when he arrives in sp 等的主句 现在完成时 have done ‎(would be being +done)‎ by now, up to now, up till now, so far. for+时间段，次数等 in the last/past +时间段 This is the +次数+that 从句；‎ This is +最高级+that从句 含since +过去时间的主句。‎ ‎5. already,yet( ),recently, just, this morning, this year，ever，never等 过去完成时 had done had been+done ‎1.by+过去的时间，时间段+before，before+过去的时间点， had hardly done…when; ‎ had no sooner done…than等。）‎ ‎2.had hoped, had planned等表过去没有实现的计划打算希望等。‎ 一般将来时 will do is going to do will be+done is going to be+done next year,2 hours later, When he comes back, in+时间段 过去将来时 would do ‎ was going to do would be+done was going to be +done the next day等 现在完成进行时 have been doing ‎ 无被动 ‎1.含since +过去时间的主句。‎ ‎2.in the last/past +时间段 ‎3.all morning ,all night，all these days等 ‎2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精品时态和语态 时态 用法 例句 一般现在时 现在经常动作/现状/客观真理 ‎**时间条件状语从句表将来/固定时刻表将要发生的动作.‎ He gets up early every day.‎ Chen Wei likes English.‎ Time is money.‎ ‎**If you come tomorrow, I’ll tell you .‎ The planes arrives at 2.‎ 一般过去时 过去的经常动作/过去先后发生的动作/过去的状态。‎ ‎*先前不知道的，先前没有估计到的事情或 He went to school on foot when he was young.‎ He stayed there for a month and came back.‎ Oh, it’s you! I didn’t know you were here.‎ 现在进行时 现在正在进行的动作；或者现阶段一直在进行的动作；逐渐进行，强烈感情色彩;‎ ‎* 表将来 We ‘re having a class now.‎ We are reviewing grammar these days.‎ It’s getting warmer and warmer.‎ He is forever working.‎ He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.‎ 过去进行时 过去某个时刻点正在进行、过去某时间段一直在进行的动作。‎ ‎*某人正在做某事，另一事情突然发生 When sb+saw/arrived/came,另一人正在做某事 He was watching TV at ‎8a.m yesterday.‎ They were building a bridge last winter, but I don’t know if it is completed.‎ ‎*When he was riding a bike ,he fell down.‎ When we saw him, he was singing.‎ 将来进行时 将来某个时刻点正在进行的动作或将来某个时间段一直会进行的动作.‎ ‎*含when he arrives in sp 等的主句 He will be having a meeting at this time tomorrow.‎ We’ll climb the mountain all next week.‎ When you arrive there, we will be waiting for you.‎ 一般将来时 现在之后将要发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎**将来时的表示法有几种：‎ is going to ‎ will do（各种人称）/shall do（一般仅用于第一人称）‎ be to do be doing :表示近期计划或一些方向移动的动词（come ,go,leave,arrive等）‎ do/does：按固定时刻表将要发生的动作。‎ He will/ is going to visit me tomorrow.‎ The chairman is to visit America next month.‎ The train leaves at 8;let’s hurry.‎ We are spending a holiday in Hainan next week.‎ 注意:will/be going to de 区别 ‎1.含时间条件状语从句的主句，只用________‎ ‎2.客观将来,用________‎ ‎3.话语前的将来用_________,说话时的将来用_____‎ ‎4.迹象表明的将来用____________________‎ 注意：时间，条件，让步状语从句中用现在时表将来。‎ I don’t know when he _________(come). But when he _________(come), she ________(call)me.‎ 过去将来时 过去某个时间或动作之后将要发生的事情。‎ 注意：was going to 可以表示_________________,相当于_____________________.‎ She said she would come the next day.‎ He was about to go out when it began to rain.‎ He was leaving when it began to rain.‎ He was going to help me ,but he was too busy.‎ 现在完成进行时 动作从过去开始一直延续到现在刚刚结束；或是还将延续下去。‎ You’ve come at last! I’ve been waiting for you for 3 hours.‎ Why are you so tired?---I’ve been cleaning the house all the morning.‎ People have been taking vitamins since last century.‎ 现在完成时 表示动作到现在为止已经完成，并对现在仍然有影响。‎ 也可以表示动作过去开始一直延续到现在或是状态一直延续到现在（部分延续性单词，如：study ,work, teach, live用现在完成时和现在完成进行时没有区别。）‎ 注意事项：1.短暂性动词的肯定形式不能与时间段搭配。如句中有时间段，必须把句子中的短暂动词改为延续性动词。如果没有相应的延续性动词，就将句子时间段改为时间点，时态改为过去时。‎ 注意事项：2.某些短暂性动词要是与时间段搭配要改成相应的状态动词。‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎3.has been to____________ has gone to____________‎ 注意事项：‎ He has come.‎ I have had the camera for 3 years.‎ I haven’t seen him since then.‎ We have studied here for more than one year.=We have been studying here for。‎ By now ,we have learned 3000 words.‎ He has visited Beijing many times.‎ They have been studying a medicine to cure cancer in the past ten years, maybe they will succeed soon.‎ This is the first time I have come to Beijing.‎ It is the best film I have ever seen.‎ I haven’t seen him since he left here.‎ He has been doing my job since I fell ill.‎ 但是:It is/has been+时间段+since 从句 It is /has been 6 years since I came to Zhuzhou.‎ Has he come back yet?‎ ‎----Yes ,he has (already come back.)‎ 注意事项：1.‎ Eg: I have received the letter for 2 days.----‎ ‎ He has died for 2 years.---‎ 注意事项：2‎ die_________ join the army____________ get up_________ come _________ ‎ go/leave ___________ buy_______________‎ borrow____________ get married_____________ fall asleep__________ lose work__________ ‎ lose touch____________ ‎ 注意事项：3.‎ He___________ Shanghai, I don’t know when he will come back.‎ He __________Shanghai 3times ,so he is very familiar with it. ‎ 过去完成时 过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情。即过去的过去注意：用过去完成时还可以表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图。常用动词有：hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want等。 ‎ ‎*‎ She said she had never seen a foreign film before.‎ By then they had learned 3000 words.‎ By the time we arrived he had finished the task.‎ He had done it 3 years before.‎ He had done it before last Friday.‎ When we got to the station, the train had left.‎ We had hardly received his call when we got down to doing it.。‎ They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.‎ ‎=They wanted to have helped …‎ 被动语态：‎ 情态动词的语态（以must为例）‎ 形式 主动 被动 一般式 进行式 完成式 翻译：这个工作必须马上完成。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________‎ 变疑问句_____________________________________________________‎ 变否定句_____________________________________________________‎ 注：‎ 一、被动用法注意事项：‎ ‎1.带双宾语的主动结构的句子，或含名词的短语后接宾语的句子。‎ She teaches us English.‎ We should pay attentiong to spelling.////We must make use of time.‎ ‎2.主动语态中不带to的不定式做宾补时变被动必须带上to.‎ We made him work.alone.‎ ‎3.短语动词用于被动语态应该作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的副词或介词。‎ You can put off the meeting.‎ ‎4.有些及物动词和及物动词短语（多表示静态）不能用于被动语态。如have/own ,cost ,last,lack ,hold ,fit,agree with等。‎ ‎5.不及物动词没有被动语态。如：happen,take place,appear等。‎ 二、必须用主动表被动的情况。‎ ‎1.need ,want,require,(需要，要求)deserve,（应得，值得）be worth,（值得）not bear(经不住)+doing/to be done My hair wants cutting/to be cut.‎ ‎2不定式作定语，放在被修饰词的后面，如果句子中出现不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动表被动。‎ I have nothing to do.‎ He is looking for a room to live in.‎ ‎3.形容词后常用不定式的主动表被动。‎ The job is easy to do.‎ ‎4.某些单词特殊的固定用法。‎ You are to blame for the accident.‎ ‎5.联系动词没有被动语态。‎ The theory proved true.//The theory was proved by him.‎ ‎6.can’t/won’t 表示由于主语本身出了毛病而“无法”“不能”，且后面动词常为lock,shut,open,act,write,cut,wear等。这些动词常用主动表示被动。‎ It can’t move.‎ The door won’t open.‎ ‎7.一些动词sell,wash,clean/cook/drive/cut如果用于表示主语的性质如何，常用主动（后面+well/easily/perfectly等副词）‎ The coat washes easily.‎ The book sells well.‎ 三．被动语态和系表结构区别。‎ 被动语态表主语是动作的承受着，系表结构表主语的特征或状态。‎ Our building is surrounded with trees.‎ Our building is surrounded by enemies.‎ The book is well written .‎ The book is written by Lu Xun.‎ 试题汇编 ‎1. So far this year we ________ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（2008福建卷）‎ A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen ‎2. The moment I got home, I found I _______my jacket on the playground. (2008陕西卷)‎ A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving ‎3. —Did you go to the show last night?‎ ‎—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____invited(2008陕西卷)‎ A. were B. have been C. has been D. was ‎4. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic______. (2008陕西卷)‎ A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed ‎5. Judy is going to marry the sailor she ____in Rome last year. （2008重庆卷）‎ A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet ‎6. The telephone ____, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. （2008四川卷）‎ A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung ‎7. If their marketing plans succeed, they _____ their sales by 20 percent. （全国卷II ）‎ A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing ‎8. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? ‎ Yes, since she ___ the Chinese Society. （2008全国卷1）‎ A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined ‎9. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____each other for years. (2008辽宁卷)‎ A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know ‎10. — Have you got any job offers?‎ ‎ —No. I ____.(2008辽宁卷)‎ A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting ‎11. —Do you think we should accept that offer?‎ ‎—Yes, we should, for we ____such bad luck up till now, and time__ out. （08江西卷）‎ A. have had; is running B. had; is running C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run ‎12. I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother ___ on the phone all the time! (2008湖南卷)‎ A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked ‎13. —Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya?‎ ‎—Who ___ it? （2008北京卷）‎ A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written ‎14.The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I_ __in many worse hotels.（2008北京卷）‎ A .was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed ‎15. Population experts predict that most people ____ cities in the near future. (08上海春招)‎ A. live B. would live C. will live D. have lived ‎16. He ____as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. （2008重庆） ‎ A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded ‎17. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ___to arrive. 08全国卷1）‎ A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected ‎18. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _ __when we talked on the phone. （2008江西卷）‎ A. to promote B. having been promoted ‎ C. having promoted D. to be promoted ‎19.—Do you have any problems if you _ ___ this job?‎ ‎—Well, I’m thinking about the salary…(2008湖南卷)‎ A. offer B. will offerC.are offered D.will be offered ‎20. In recent years many football clubs ____ as business to make a profit. (2008年上海卷)‎ A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run ‎2009年高考英语试题分类汇编—动词时态和语态 ‎（09湖南）1. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.‎ A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited ‎（09福建）2. -Why does the Lake smell terrible?‎ ‎ -Because large quantities of water .‎ ‎ A. have polluted B. is being polluted　　‎ C. has been polluted D. have been polluted ‎（09福建）3. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.‎ ‎ A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes ‎（09福建）4.For a moment nothing happened .Then _____ all shouting together .‎ A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come ‎（09湖南）5．Would you please keep silent? The weather report_________ and I want to listen.‎ A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast ‎ C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast ‎（09湖南）6.— The food here is nice enough.‎ ‎— My friend ______ me a right place.‎ A. introduces B. introduced ‎ C. had introduced D. was introducing ‎ ‎(09安徽)7.Daniel’s family ____ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. ‎ A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy ‎ C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying ‎ ‎（09江西）8. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport ________ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. will be D. were ‎（09江西）9. What is the price of petrol these days?‎ ‎ -------Oh, it ______ sharply since last month.‎ ‎ A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased ‎（09江西）10. ---Do you want a lift home?‎ ‎ ---It’s very kind of you, but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _______.‎ A. doesn’t go off B. won’t go off ‎ C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go off ‎（09海南）11. His sister left home in 1998, and ‎ ‎_____ since.‎ A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of ‎（09山东）12. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎（09山东）13. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______.‎ ‎ A. was happening B. happened ‎ ‎ C. happens D. has happened ‎（09陕西）14. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.‎ A. is going to B. are going to ‎ C. was going to D. were going to ‎（09陕西）15. This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen ‎（09上海）16. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets ____out.‎ ‎ A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling ‎（09四川）17. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?‎ ‎ —The bridge to it __________.‎ ‎ A. has repaired B. is repaired ‎ C. is being repaired D. will be repaired ‎（09四川）18. —You speak very good French!‎ ‎ —Thanks. I __________ French in Sichuan‎ ‎University for four years.‎ ‎ A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied ‎（09浙江）19．－ What do you think of the movie?‎ ‎－ It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I __________ the beginning of it.‎ A missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss ‎（09浙江）Over the past decades , sea ice __ in the Arctic as a result of global warming .‎ A. had decreased B. decreased ‎ C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing ‎ ‎（09重庆）20 . She stared at the painting, wondering where she _ _____it.‎ ‎ A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen ‎（09重庆）21. —I’ve got to go now.‎ ‎ —Must you? I______you could stay for dinner with us.‎ ‎ A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking ‎（09重庆）22.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ____ to the well-educated.‎ A. belongs B. is belonged ‎ ‎ C. is belonging D. will be belonged ‎（09全国2 ）23. Progress so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.‎ A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be ‎（09江苏）24. The population of Jiangsu __ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.‎ A. has grownB. have grown C. grew D. are growing ‎（09江苏）25.--- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?‎ ‎--- Sorry. .‎ A. It' s repaired B.It has been repaired　‎ C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired ‎（09江苏）26. -- Ann is in hospital.‎ ‎-- Oh, really? I __ know. I __ go and visit her.‎ A. didn’t; am going to B. don’t; would　　‎ C. don’t; will D. didn't; will ‎ (天津09)27. My parents _____ in Hong Kong . They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.‎ A. live B . Lived C. were living D. will live ‎ ‎(辽宁09)28. My parents have promised to come to see me before I _____ for Africa.‎ A. have left B. leave C. left D .will leave ‎(辽宁09 )29.Excuse me ,Marcia ,a reporter from Vanity Fair ____ all day .Could you speak to her now?‎ A. phones B. has phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned ‎（09北京）30. The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service ‎ A. treated B. were treated ‎ ‎ C. would treat D. would be treated ‎31.(09北京)When I talked with my grandma on the phone ,she sounded weak, but by the time we ____ up , her voice had been full of life.‎ A. were hangingB. had hungC. hung D. would hung ‎ ‎（09湖南）32．When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.‎ A. would openB. openedC. had openedD. was to open ‎ (09全国I )33. Edward ,you play so well .But I _____ you played the piano.‎ A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known ‎ C. don’t know D. haven’t known ‎ (上海09 )34. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ________ not to touch any unattended bag．‎ A.had always been warned B.were always being warned ‎ C．are always warning D. always warned ‎(10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers_____their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had ‎31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. ‎ ‎ A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored ‎（10福建）28. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they____before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised ‎ ‎31. –Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. --How nice! You_____a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced ‎（10安徽）28. ----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?‎ ‎ ----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story? ‎ ‎ A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read ‎ 34. ----We’ve spent too much money recently. ‎ ‎ ----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time ‎ ‎ A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming ‎（10湖南）24. This coastal area____a national wildlife reserve last year. ‎ ‎ A. was named B. named C. is named D. names ‎ ‎27. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone____ it. Was it you?‎ ‎ A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do 31. I walked slowly through the market, where people___all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. ‎ ‎ A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold ‎34. I'm tired out. . I____all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything. ‎ ‎ A. shopped B. have shopped ‎ C. had shopped D. have been shopping ‎（10江西）30 Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father. ‎ ‎ A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering ‎（10山东） 29. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. ‎ ‎ A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid ‎30. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. ‎ ‎ A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved ‎（10天津）4. We______on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest. ‎ ‎ A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked ‎10. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ____at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. ‎ A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited ‎(10四川）11．In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant_____ ．‎ ‎ A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with ‎16．一When shall we restart our business?‎ ‎ 一Not until we___ our plan．‎ ‎ A．will finish B．are finishing C．are to finish D．have finished ‎18．You’ve failed to do what you _____to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．‎ ‎ A．will expect B．will be expected C．expected D．were expected ‎15. Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive ‎ A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting ‎19. Excuse me. I________I was blocking your way. ‎ ‎ A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing ‎（10湖北）18. Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________（未证实）yet. (prove)‎ ‎（10辽宁）24. Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say“What’s your name?” in Russian. ‎ ‎ A．has been going B．went C．goes D.has gone ‎30. I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it. ‎ ‎ A．will do B．do C．am doing D．had done ‎（10北京）22. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words____. ‎ ‎ A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped ‎ 24. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.‎ ‎ --But our friends_____for us.‎ ‎ A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting ‎26. --I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?‎ ‎ --Sorry, I ____myself clear. We want to return on October 20. ‎ ‎ A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made ‎28. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing （10重庆）24. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it____ on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes ‎29. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained ‎31. -----Why do you want to work for our company? -----This is the job that I ____ for. A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking ‎（10浙江）5．If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you______ fresh watermelon in the fall. A．eat B．would eat C．have eaten D．will be eating 15．For many years, people ____ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A．had dreamed of B．have dreamed of C．dreamed of D．dream of 参考答案 BDDAB DABBD DADBC ADDAB CDCAD BCA hadn’t proved A BADDA CADDB ‎1—5 DADDB 6—10 BADCD 11—15 AACDC 16—20 BABCB ‎1-5　ＣＤＤＢＢ，６－１０　ＢＤＡＢＤ１１－１５　ＢＣＢＡＤ　１６－２０　ＢＣＡＡＤ２１－２５　ＢＡＣＡＣ　２６－３０ ＤＡＢＣＢ　　３１－３４　ＣＢＡＢ