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语法满分冲刺7高考常见介词和介词短语
SQKC-25 高三一轮复习第8讲 介词和介词短语 一、高考真题 (安徽)23. It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that 【答案】B。本题考查状语从句的连词。本题可以把四个选项分别放到空处,其中只有选项B能使语意通顺,为正确答案;其他三个选项的意思分别是“除非”,“即使”,“以便”,都不合乎句意,排除。 【句意】当你们有相似的爱好的时候,交朋友就容易的多。 【小窍门】把四个选项分别放到句中去,看能否使句意通顺,也是做题的一个技巧。 (北京)22. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【答案】 A。本题考查并列句的连词。前面说的是别关电脑,后面说的是关电脑的后果,很显然,中间的意思是“如果关电脑”,如果用一个连词,那就应该用or或者otherwise,因此锁定答案。 【句意】在关闭所有程序之间不要关电脑,否则可能会出问题。 【小窍门】考查连词的解题关键是弄清句子之间的逻辑关系,如转折关系,让步关系,因果关系等等。 (湖南)23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _____ you reach any decision. A. although B. before C. because D. unless 【答案】. B。考查状语从句的连词。解题思路:理清逻辑关系。对比reach any decision 和consult your feelings and your reason关系,不难看出,兼顾好情感与理智在前,做任何决定在后。 【句意】你要学会在做任何决定之前都必须兼顾好情感与理智。 [来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K] (江西)28.She says that she’ll have to close the shop _____ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when 【答案】B.考查连词词义辨析。A.如果;B.如果不;除非;;C.在……之后;D.当……时候 【句意】她说如果生意没有好转的话,她将不得不关掉这个商店。[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K] (课标II)3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _____ I didn't want to spend all day with her.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+ A. but B. and C. so D. or 【答案】A。本题考查并列句的连词。解题关键是弄清前后句子之间的逻辑关系。前面说见面高兴,后面却说不想整天跟她呆在一起,明显是转折关系,要用连词but。 【句意】我很高兴再次见到詹尼,但是,我不想一整天都跟她一起度过。 (陕西)18. I have heard a lot of good things about you _____ I came back from abroad. A. until B. since C. when D. before 【答案】A。本题考查状语从句的连词。现在完成时态的其中一个用法是表示一个动作“从过去的某个时候发生,一直延续到现在”,从本句中的主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时来看,整个句子表达的正是这样的一个动作,故连词用since;如果用until或者before,则主句表示的动作都是发生在从句之前,都应该用过去完成时,排除B,C;如果用when,则主句应该用一般过去时,排除D。 【句意】自从我从国外回来,听说了好多关于你的好事情。 (四川)4. Read this story, _____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【答案】 B。本题考查固定句型。“祈使句,+ and/then + 从句”是一个固定句式,意思是“做某事,你就会如何”。“祈使句+or+从句”意为“做某事,否则你就会如何”。 【句意】看看这个故事,你就会明白不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到的。 (四川)7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 【答案】 A。本题考查状语从句连词。句子的前段说他不能腾出时间,后段说他想,前后之间明显是让步关系,“即使想,也不能”,故正确答案是even if。其他三个选项的意思分别是好像,因为,在……之前,均不合句意,排除。 【句意】他很忙,即使他很想也不能腾出时间跟儿子一起。 (天津)5. _____ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 【答案】C。本题考查连词的用法。although做连词意为“尽管,虽然”,符合前后的让步的逻辑关系;实际上,本句省略了主语和系动词it is。 【句意】尽管这家公司很小,但是它在30多个国家拥有1000多个客户。 (新课标I )32.There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _____ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B: if C. as D. while[来源:学_科_网] 【答案】D。 本题考查连词的用法。四个选项都可以作从属连词使用,引导状语从句。since引导时间状语从句,意思是“自……以来”;引导原因状语从句,意思是“既然;因为”。if引导条件状语从句,意思是“如果”。as 引导时间、原因、方式、比较等状语从句,意思是“当……的时候;随着……;因为……;像……;和……”等。while引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候”。此外,while还可作并列连词,表示转折和对比,意思是“然而”,显然符合句意的是选项D。 【句意】没办法知道为什么一个人有重大发现,而另外一个人虽然也很聪明,却没有(重大发现)。[来源:1] (重庆)23. It's not easy to change habits, ______ with awareness and self-control, it is possible. A. for B. or C. but D. so 【答案】 C。本题考查并列句的连词。空处前面说的是不容易,后面说的是可能,显然是转折关系。 【句意】改变习惯不容易,但如果是有意识的并且自控,就可能做到。[来源:1] (重庆)25. ______we have enough evidence, we can't win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 【答案】 C。本题考查状语从句的连词。“我们有足够的证据”和“我们不能赢得这个案子”之间的关系有可能是两种:(1)让步关系;(2)否定前面的意思。四个选项中,没有表让步关系的although/though,那么答案就应该是否定前面的意思,用unless,“如果我们没有……,我们就不能……”;其他三个连词明显与句意不符,排除。[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 【句意】如果我们没有足够的证据,就不能赢这个案子。 【小窍门】做这种题,关键是弄清两句话之间的逻辑关系,比如是因果关系还是转折关系等。 [来源:1ZXXK] (上海)36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise _____ I am sitting. A. before B. until C. unless D. where[来源:学 【答案】D。本题四个选项都为常见状语从句引导词,A. before引导时间状语从句,“在……之前”;B. until引导时间状语从句,“直到……为止”;C. unless引导条件状语从句,“除非……,如果不……”;D. where引导地点状语从句,“在……的地方”。 【句意】“我不能很清楚地听见教授所讲,因为在我坐的地方,有太多的噪音”。显然这里是指我所坐的地方太吵,导致我听不清。 (北京)26. I have an appointment Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. A. to B. off C. with D. from 【答案】 C。本题考查介词。have an appointment with sb是固定短语,意思是“与某人有约会”。 【句意】我跟史密斯医生有个约会,但我得改了。 (福建)29.Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ____ whenever she tries to. A. in the way B. on watch C. in sight D. on the line 【答案】 A。本题考查介词短语的用法。in the way妨碍、挡道;on watch值班、监视;in sight在即、看得见;on the line处于危险中、模棱两可。通过上下文意思可知是孩子们妨碍史密斯夫人的工作,所以先A。 【句意】史密斯夫人发现很难收拾这混乱的局面,因为无论什么时候她试图去做的时候,孩子们总是妨碍她的工作。 (2019安徽)22 Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it. A. on B. at C. for D. to 【答案】 C。本题考查介词。介词for 经常用来表示目的,为正确答案;其他几个介词均有此意,排除。 【句意】在你参观一个名胜之前,在当地图书馆里查找一本相关的书。 (湖北)30. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion 【答案】 B。本题考查短语和句意的理解。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;无意之中;碰巧;in turn轮流地;相应地;on occasion有时, 间或 【句意】一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游,他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。 [来源:学_科_网] (江苏)26. I am always delighted when I receive an email from you . the party on July 1 st I shall be pleased to attend . A. On account of B. In response to C. In view of D. With regard to 【答案】 D。本题考查短语介词辨析。A. On account of因为,由于B. In response to 对……做出回应C. In view of 考虑到,鉴于D. With regard to关于,至于。根据句意,选择D。[科_ 【句意】当我收到你的电子邮件时,总是很高兴的。关于7月1日的聚会,我将非常高兴参加。 (辽宁)25. ___________everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. A. By means of B. On behalf of C. In search of D. For fear of 【答案】 B。本题考查短语介词辨析。A. by means of通过……手段 B. on behalf of代表 C. in search of寻找 D. for fear of为了避免,唯恐。根据句意可知,选择B。 【句意】代表在场的每一个人,我祝您归国旅途愉快。 (山东)34. The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for 【答案】D。本题考查介词的用法。A项from“从,来自于”;B项by“通过,被”;C项at“在”;D项意为“因为,为了”,此处表示原因,符合句意。 【句意】史密斯夫妇因为他们教育孩子的方法而受到了称赞。 (陕西24. The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will . A. in particular B. in turn C. in charge D. in time 【答案】 D。本题考查介词短语。四个选项的意思分别是“特别,尤其”,“依次,轮流”,“负责”,“及时;不久”,根据句意,答案明显是D。[来源:1] 【句意】经理想看到公司的变化,我相信不久他会看到的。 (新课标Ⅰ)34.It was a real race time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. A. over B. by C. for D. against 【答案】 D 本题考查介词用法。题干中的it显然是形式主语,真正主语是不定式to get the project done。根据句意,可知完成这个项目要争分夺秒,所以某种意义上是在和时间赛跑。a race against time是固定短语,意思是“和时间赛跑”,故最佳答案是D。 【句意】完成项目真正是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是,我们赢了。[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K] (浙江)14.It will be a great help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _______, I’ll set the table. A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact 【答案】C。考查介词短语。根据上下文句意之间的逻辑关系,应该是“与此同时”选C 【句意】如果去店里买些我们晚饭需要的东西,这会有很大的帮助,与此同时,我将摆好桌子。 ( 上海)25. — I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good idea? — How about the Moon Lake? It is ______ easy reach of the city. A. by B. beyond C. within D. from 【答案】C。本题四个选项都为常见介词,A. by表“通过;经由;在附近;在……之前”;B. beyond表“超过;在……的那一边”;C. within表“在……之内”;D. from表“来自;从……起”。由题干中的关键信息a nearby place可知,要推荐离城市不远的地方度假。而短语介词within easy reach of意思是“在…附近,距离…不远”,所以为正确选项。[来源:1] 【句意】“——我在寻找附近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗?——月亮湖怎么样?离城市不远的”。 二、模拟题 1. Jack, I advise you to read this essay _______ the danger of swill-cooked dirty oil(地沟油)before you go to that restaurant. A. in B. over C. of D. on 2. _______ three strong Republic of Korea competitors, Zhou Yang single-handedly took the 1, 500-meter short-track speed skating gold at the Vancouver Winter Olympics. A. Against B. With C. For D. To 3. The accident that happened at an oilfield _______ the coast of the Bohai sea in China has caused great damage to the environment. A. away B. from C. off D. beyond 4. More consumers are waiting for the further drop of housing prices with money in their hands _______ buying houses, according to a report. A. better than B. more than C. other than D. rather than 5. China understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them _______ technology and finance. A. in spite of B. owing to C. regardless of D. in terms of 6. (2019·南通模拟)—As a weight-lifting athlete, Thomas is indeed too fat, I think. — But _______ that, he is still one of the best athletes at present. A. in case of B. in spite of C. thanks to D. in response to 7. (2019·福州模拟) As the partnership between the two countries continues, plans for more cooperation are _______ discussion. A. for B. under C. in D. to 8. (2019·抚州模拟)Tom is very young. But _______ working ability, he’s much more experienced than others. A. in praise of B. in face of C. in need of D. in terms of 9. (2019·泉州模拟) Large earthquakes _______ the ocean can create a series of huge, destructive waves called tsunamis that flood coasts for many miles. A. beyond B. beneath C. off D. across 10. (2019·苏州模拟)—Would you please tell me what time it is? —It’s five minutes to nine _______ my watch. A. on B. by C. at D. in 11. (2019·哈尔滨模拟)We should talk about the things _______ the children’s understanding in a simple way. A. over B. beyond C. above D. under 12. (2019·石家庄模拟) _______ the latest estimates,insects account for probably 4 to 6 million of the species of creatures living on the planet. A. Owing to B. According to C. In spite of D. In case of 13. (2019·武汉模拟)The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were _______ the extremely cold weather. A. in the possession of B. in the charge of C. at the mercy of D. at the risk of 14. (2019·南昌模拟)A recent survey shows, _______ great social changes, traditional values like family harmony still play an important role in Chinese people in heart. A. in spite of B. in charge of C. as a consequence of D. in return for 15. (2019·南通模拟)Unable to work at a steady job _______ a terminal illness, he decided to volunteer at the local children center. A. at the cost of B. as a result of C. in case of D. at the risk of 参考答案: 1. 【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:杰克,在你去那家饭馆前我建议你读读这篇关于地沟油危害的文章。介词on 表示“关于;论及”之意。介词in,over,of 皆无此意,故选D。 2.【解析】选A。句意:在温哥华冬季奥林匹克运动会中,周扬以韩国三个运动员作为强有力的竞争对手,仅个人便获得了1,500米短道速滑冠军。against在这里表示“以……为竞争对手”。 3.【解析】选C。考查介词。句意:在中国渤海海岸发生的油田事故给环境造成了巨大的破坏。off这里意为“距(某处)某距离”,如:a big house off the high street 离大街不远的一所大房子。away不能接名词;from从……来(开始);beyond超过。根据句意应该选C。 4.【解析】选D。句意:根据一项报道,更多的消费者在持币观望等待房价的进一步下降,而不是买房。rather than“而不是”,与句意相符。 5.【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意:中国理解发展中国家在气候变化上的形势和需求,并且敦促发达国家在技术和财政上给予他们支持。in spite of尽管,不顾;owing to由于,因为;regardless of不管,不顾;in terms of在……方面。根据句意应选D项。 6.【解析】选B。考查介词短语用法。句意:——我认为,作为举重运动员,托马斯的确很胖。——尽管如此,他仍然是目前最好的运动员之一。in case of 万一;in spite of尽管;thanks to由于;in response to回应。 7.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。句意:因为两国之间的搭档关系还会继续,关于更多合作的计划正在讨论中。under discussion正在讨论中。 8.【解析】选D。考查介词短语用法。句意:汤姆很年轻,但就工作能力来说,他比其他人更有经验。in praise of 表扬;in face of面对;in need of需要;in terms of就……来说。 9.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。句意:海洋下的大地震会产生一系列大的毁灭性的海浪,这叫海啸,它会淹没大面积的海岸。beyond超过;beneath在……下面;off 离开;across横跨。 10.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。这里用by表示“根据,按照”,相当于according to。句意:——你能告诉我时间吗?——我的表差5分9点。 11. 【解析】选B。考查介词用法。句意:我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。D项不符合语意,above和over一般描述位置,beyond“超过,非……所能及”,符合语意。 12. 【解析】选B。考查介词短语用法。此处表示“根据”最新的估计,故选B项“根据,按照”。owing to因为;in spite of尽管;in case of 万一,都不符合题意。句意:据最新估计,昆虫大概在地球生物中有4百万到6百万个品种。 13.【解析】选C。考查介词短语用法。句意:这架坠毁飞机上的幸存者没有食物和水,面对极端寒冷的天气束手无策。in the possession of被……拥有;in the charge of由……负责;at the mercy of受/听任……摆布;at the risk of冒……的危险。根据语意判断选C。 14.【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意:尽管社会变化很大,最近调查显示像家庭和谐的传统价值观在中国人心里仍有很重要的地位。in spite of尽管;in charge of负责;as a consequence of由于……的结果;in return for作为……的回报。 15.【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意:他由于得了绝症,不能从事一份稳定的工作,于是决定在当地的儿童中心做义工。at the cost of以……为代价;as a result of由于;in case of万一; at the risk of冒着……的风险。 三、阅读理解 A It’s Pigs’ Hometown The story happened during the Second World War. An old man lived in a small town of Germany. He had three sons and they all worked in the same factory where he had worked. After the war had begun, his sons were all made to join the army one after another and they all died in the fights. The old man was very sad. He didn’t have enough food and was often hungry. And nobody helped him and he didn’t know how to go on living. It was a very cold winter night. The old man couldn’t go to sleep. He had been hungry for two days and it was so cold in his room that ice could be seen. He had to get up and began to run in the room until he lay down on the floor. The next morning he had to beg from door to door. He had been to a lot of cities and knew a lot. Once he came to a village, but the villagers were all poor and couldn’t give him anything. He was too hungry to go to another village. He thought hard and found a way. He came to a police station and called out, “Hitler is a foolish pig!” Out came an old policeman at once. He took the old man into a room, gave him some bread and a cup of tea. Then he said, “Don’t say so in our village, sir!” “I’m sorry, sir,” said the old man. “I don’t know it’s Hitler’s home town.” “No, no, sir,” the policeman said in a hurry. “It’s pigs’ hometown!” 1. The old man’s sons joined the army because _______. A. they were all strong B. they loved their country C. they wanted to be full D. they had to do so 2. The old man was sad because _______. A. his three sons had to join the army B. his three sons lost their lives during the war C. he lived in the small town alone D. he had neither food nor clothes 3. The villagers didn’t give the old man any food because _______. A. they weren’t kind-hearted B. his sons were in the army C. they were also hungry D. they hated him 4. Which of the following is true? A. The old policeman would send the old man into prison. B. The old policeman hated Hitler, too. C. The old policeman thought Hitler was better than pigs. D. The old man found a friend at the police station. B It' s 2035. You have a job, a family and you' re about 40 years old. Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. "Turn red," you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you' re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You' re not even middle-aged! As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, "To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that," from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code(电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. "Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?" A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies. " Ready for your trip to space?" you ask your son and daughter. In 2019 only specially trained astronauts went into space — and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, "The doctor said you need these for space travel. " Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. It' s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. " My office. Autopilot," you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it. 5. What changes the color of your shirt? A. The mirror. B. The shirt itself. C. The counter. D The medicine. 6. How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the breakfast cereal? A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl. B. By listening to the doctor' s advice. C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen; D. By checking the nutrition details of the food. 7. The strawberries the children eat serve as ________ A. breakfast B. lunch C. vaccines D. nutrition 8. How is the text organized? A. In order of time. B. In order of frequency. C. In order of preference. D. In order of importance C American Watersports Tuesday—Saturday Located on the beach of the Sea Gardens Beach Resort, there are fun things to rent for the whole family. They offer rentals for kayaks, jetskis and even parasails! Enjoy the water upclose or from a bird’s eye view! No matter what activity you’re enjoying, be sure to protect yourself and your family from the sun’s powerful rays and apply plenty of sun block! 15th Street Boat Company Monday—Saturday 15th Street Boat Company offers rental boats of all kinds. They’re sure to have what you are looking for, whether it’s a small boat for a quick and simple outing or an extravagant boat with comfortable seats with a stereo(立体声) and high-tech navigation(导航). You can rent a boat for half a day, a couple days, or even weeks at a time. If you want it, they’ve got it. It’s fun for everyone! Coconuts’ Watersports 9 a. m. —5 p. m. Monday through Sunday Coconuts’ Watersports is open 7 days a week for your convenience and offers tons of water fun for the whole family. Jet ski activities last 30 minutes or 1 hour and can make stops along the way. You must be at least 14 years of age to ride alone and can be as young as 3 to ride along with an adult. Everybody is required to wear a life jacket and a license is required to operate the jet ski. Bathing suits and shorts are recommended. Jet Ski Tours of Miami Thursday—Sunday 10 a. m. —7 p. m. Jet Ski Tours of Miami includes onsite parking, indoor restrooms, lockers and life jackets for participants. You may choose a one or two-hour tour and each jet ski can hold up to 3 people. You must be at least 18 years old in order to ride. As long as you are accompanied by an adult, there is no age limitation for any passenger. There is a restaurant nearby to eat at. The tour visits 6 different islands and passes by Bayside and Hard Rock. You may even catch a glimpse of dolphins playing or a manatee resting in these fabulous Florida waters. 9. What activity is convenient for the visitors to have lunch? A. Jet Ski Tours of Miami B. Coconut’s Watersports C. 15th Street Boat Company D. American Watersports 10. To satisfy your son’s curiosity about marine animals, you _______. A. will rent a boat to ride with him B. prefer an extravagant boat with comfortable seats with a stereo C. would like to prefer American Watersports to Florida waters D. can choose the tour to Bayside and Hard Rock 11. If you like to sail a boat, you can _______. A. go to the Sea Gardens Beach Resort B. visit 15th Street Boat Company C. choose Jet Ski Tours of Miami D. go to Coconut’s Watersports 12. To ride alone in the jet ski activities, _______. A. you have to be at least 14 years old B. you can choose to wear a life jacket or not C. you must be over 18 years old D. you have to be with parents 参考答案: 1-4DBCB 5-8 BDCA 9-12ADBA查看更多