2018高考英语—有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解

2018高考英语—有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解

‎2018高考英语：有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解和选编题附解析 高考英语语法填空******有提示词的解题技巧 括号内提供的是动词 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。‎ ‎①若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。如：‎ Actually I believed I would work for a few years，get ________(marry)，stay home and raise a family，so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.‎ 这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词，在从句中作并列谓语。‎ I believed I would work for a few years...‎ I would get ________(marry)．..‎ I would stay home...‎ I would raise a family...‎ 答案　married 很清楚，get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。get married强调一种已婚的状态，相当于be married。如果没有get在前面，只能填入marry作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑，才能符合交际的需要。‎ ‎②若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.－ing形式，－ed形式，还是不定式。确定的方法主要有：‎ 作主语或宾语，通常用v.－ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。如：‎ ‎...but it is not enough only ________(memorize)rules from a grammar book.‎ 答案　memorizing 分析这个句子的成分可知，应该是memorizing...作真正的主语，前面的it是形式主语。‎ 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.－ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(done)。如：‎ ‎________(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of ‎ trees.‎ 答案　Seen 从句中“is”可判断句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一，“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二，“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系；第三，动词的过去分词表示被动关系，因此应填“Seen”。‎ It rained heavily in the south，________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.‎ 答案　causing 从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此应填“causing”，作结果状语。‎ 优秀选编题 A ‎(2016·山东日照市高三第一次模拟考试)‎ For many young people，going to university is one of the most important __1__(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__(they)home to live with other people，often strangers.__3__(especial)in the US，people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be __5__(independence)．‎ At university，you will __6__(teach)by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__(academy)benefit，life at university also can allow students __9__(develop)their interests in many fields.‎ Therefore，university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge，to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.‎ ‎1．stages　[考查名词。在英语中one of后要加可数名词的复数，故用stages。]‎ ‎2. their　[考查代词。由于空格后是名词home，故根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词，故用their。]‎ ‎3．Especially　[考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分，可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填Especially。 ]‎ ‎4．from　[考查介词。在英语中，far from是固定搭配，意思是：远离……。]‎ ‎5．independent　[考查形容词。根据句意，可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。]‎ ‎6．be taught　[考查动词语态。根据句意，由于主语是you，与teach之间是被动关系，而在空格前是助动词will，故用be taught。]‎ ‎7．what　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知要填what。 ]‎ ‎8．academic　[考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词，故其前面要用一个形容词修饰它，故填academic。]‎ ‎9．to develop　[考查动词不定式。在英语中，allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意思是“允许某人做某事”。]‎ ‎10．where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个定语从句，从句中的主干成分没有残缺，由于先行词是表地点的place，要填关系副词where。]‎ B ‎ (2016·山西省四校联考)‎ What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces __1__ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can __2__ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, it's all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by __3__ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six __4__ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.‎ Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts __5__ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen __6__ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. __7__ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The ‎ frozen parts of the city also make __8__ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and __9__ (grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building __10__ (call) the Black Diamond.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。‎ ‎1．where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ ‎2．freely　修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。‎ ‎3．the　根据语境可知，此处表特指。‎ ‎4．healthiest　此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。‎ ‎5．for　步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。‎ ‎6．are carried　work trips与carry out之间存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填are carried。‎ ‎7．When/As　当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。When/As“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎8．it　本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。‎ ‎9．grownups 　本处and连接两个并列的名词kids和grownups。‎ ‎10．called　call与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。‎ C ‎(2016·湖北省八校高三第一次联考)‎ China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__(give) up its decades－long ‎ one－child policy，the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.‎ The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population，according to a communique (公报) __3__(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.‎ The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.‎ China’s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__(control) the rapid __6__(grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child，and as to rural couples，they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.‎ The one－child policy was __10__(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee，and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述了中国的二孩政策。‎ ‎1．giving　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，give与句子主语China之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。]‎ ‎2．announced　[考查时态。根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。]‎ ‎3．issued　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与communique之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。]‎ ‎4．before　[考查连词。提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。]‎ ‎5．to control　[考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。]‎ ‎6．growth　[考查名词。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。]‎ ‎7．to　[考查介词。limit...to...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。]‎ ‎8．who/that　[考查定语从句。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为Parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。]‎ ‎9．a　[考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。]‎ ‎10．further　[考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事物的程度，故用further。]‎ D ‎(2016·辽宁省部分重点高中协作校联考)‎ There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is __1__ there are seven times more trees than we __2__ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a __3__ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. That's a three __4__ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable __5__ (change) anything.‎ What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet __6__ half. A good example of this is __7__ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are __8__ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “__9__ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort __10__ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。‎ ‎1．that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。‎ ‎2．thought　这里说的是“比我们原本以为的……”，故要用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．calculation　根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。‎ ‎4．followed　follow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎5．to change　be (un)able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。‎ ‎6．in　in half意为“减半”。‎ ‎7．the　根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。‎ ‎8．responsible　根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsible for“对……负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。‎ ‎9．extremely　根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．is needed/will be needed　这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how much more effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。‎ E ‎(2016·湖北市教科研协作体高三联合考试)‎ Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of communication with others.There are many forms of communication，__1__ include: texting，cell phones，e－mail，and social media.__2__(use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster，__3__ it lacks many qualities that a face－to－face conversation __4__(possess)．‎ Facial expression and body language can __5__(great) affect a conversation.They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person __6__(think) and feeling.Facial expression can __7__(apply) to video chatting，but body language can only be found in a face－to－face conversation.Talking in person can have physical __8__(feature)．Giving someone a hug and holding their hand __9__(comfort) them can only be done in person.When you are talking to someone by ‎ texting or instant messaging them，physical touch does not exist at all，which can limit the connection __10__ the people in the communication.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了影响人们交流的两种主要方式，即面部表情和肢体语言。‎ ‎1．which　[考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。]‎ ‎2．Using　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， use在句中作主语，故用动名词形式。]‎ ‎3．but　[考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故用but。]‎ ‎4．possesses　[考查主谓一致。此处为that引导的定语从句，a face－to－face conversation作主语为单数故谓语用possesses。]‎ ‎5．greatly　[考查副词。修饰动词affect要用副词。]‎ ‎6．is thinking　[考查动词时态。think 和从句主语the other person 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且从句缺少谓语，且后有and feeling，故用进行时is thinking。]‎ ‎7．be applied　[考查语态。Facial expression与apply为动宾关系用被动语态。前面有can，系动词用原形。]‎ ‎8．features　[考查名词。前有形容词physical，故用名词feature复数形式。]‎ ‎9．to comfort　[考查非谓语动词。此句中can be 为谓语，空处为非谓语，to do表目的。]‎ ‎10．between　[考查介词。在交流双方之间用between。]‎ F ‎(2016·郑州市质量预测)‎ Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China, __1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou __2__ (be) the woman who uses the plant's special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.‎ On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__ (receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It's a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks __4__ is scientists' duty to fight for the health of all humans.‎ When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn't have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test __6__ (medicine) by eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.‎ Once Tu __8__ (return) home after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn't recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.‎ Finally, Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素)in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent the next decades __9__ (try) to improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world, and about half a million die each year. Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.‎ Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。‎ ‎1．but　空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎2．is　根据该句中的“who uses the plant's special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故填is。‎ ‎3．to receive　根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。‎ ‎4．it　分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans ‎ 作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．medicines　根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。‎ ‎7．by/on/at/in　by hand意为“用手”；on hand, at hand, in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。‎ ‎8．returned　根据下句的“Her little daughter didn't recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．trying　spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填trying。‎ ‎10．from　suffer from 为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。‎ G ‎(2016·广东广州市高三第一次模拟)‎ Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life，he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons.He taught __1__ the love of wisdom，not for money.And __2__ he had to say was always new and worth hearing.All his pupils loved him.‎ But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies.The rulers did not want to be questioned.So they __4__(false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__(lead) them to ignore religion.In fact Socrates was a very religious man.His enemies had him __6__(arrest)，and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.‎ During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils __7__(allow) to visit him in his prison.They were astonished to find that __8__ was calm and cheerful.He had no fear of dying.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in __9__(tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the __10__(brave) man in the room.He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　文章主要记叙了伟大的哲学家苏格 拉底，讲了他免费给学生上课，学生都喜欢他，他与众不同的教学方式也招来了许多敌人，导致他被捕入狱，但是他直到死前的最后一刻都十分淡定从容的故事。‎ ‎1．for　[考查介词。介词for在此处表示“为了”，说明他上课时为了对智慧的热爱不是为了钱，故填for。]‎ ‎2．what　[考查名词性从句。此处what作连词代词引导主语从句，故填what。]‎ ‎3．dangerous　[考查形容词。形容词dangerous用来修饰名词enemies。]‎ ‎4．falsely　[考查副词。此处副词falsely用来修饰动词accused。]‎ ‎5．leading　[考查动名词。accuse sb of doing sth指控某人某事，此处leading和teaching并列作为指控的内容，故填leading。]‎ ‎6．arrested　[考查被动语态。have him arrested“他被逮捕”，过去分词在此处表示被动含义，故填arrested。]‎ ‎7．were allowed　[考查被动语态。此处用被动语态表示“他的朋友和学生被允许去看他”，故填were allowed。]‎ ‎8．he　[考查代词。he在此处代指苏格拉底，表示他们很吃惊地发现他很镇定和高兴，故填he。]‎ ‎9．tears　[考查名词。in tears表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配。]‎ ‎10．bravest　[考查形容词最高级。the＋形容词最高级，表示“最……”，使用bravest表示“最勇敢的”，说明苏格拉底似乎是房间里最勇敢的人，故填bravest。]‎ H ‎(2016·武汉市调研考试)‎ For more than six million American children, coming home after school means __1__(come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. __2__ all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They __3__ (call) latchkey children — they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.‎ A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys __4__(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, __5__ he slowly learned were house keys.‎ He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having __6__ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own __7__(safe)．‎ The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed __8__ in a closet. The second is TV. They'll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don't realize __9__(it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact __10__ they leave their children alone.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。‎ ‎1．coming　mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味着”。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填coming。‎ ‎2．But　根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词But。‎ ‎3．are called　主语They与call之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填are called。‎ ‎4．attached　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，attach与keys之间是动宾关系，故填attached。‎ ‎5．which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为keys，指物，故填which。‎ ‎6．on　have influence on sb.“对某人有影响”，故填on。‎ ‎7．safety　根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填safety。‎ ‎8．or　根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填or。‎ ‎9．its　根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影响，故填its。‎ ‎10．that　根据句意可知，此处指大多数父母很迟缓地承认他们不管孩子这个事实；分析句子结构可知，这是同位语从句且不缺成分，故填that。‎