人教版高中英语高考优学教材梳理——选修八Unit 4 Pygmalion

人教版高中英语高考优学教材梳理——选修八Unit 4 Pygmalion

人教版高中英语：《高考优学》教材梳理——选修八Unit 4 Pygmalion 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）‎ 词汇 部分 词语 辨析 ‎1. adapt / adopt 2. ignore / neglect / overlook 3. luck / fortune / destiny / fate 词形 变化 ‎1. comfort n. 舒适；安慰 vt.使舒适；安慰，慰问 comfortable adj.舒服的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的 comfortably adv.舒适地 uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；难受地 ‎2. classify vt. 把……分类，‎ 把……分级 classification n.分类，分级；类别，级别 ‎3. betray vt. 出卖；背叛 betrayal n.[u]出卖，辜负，暴露 betrayer n. 出卖者 ‎4. superior adj.上级的，较 高的 n.上级，长官 superiority n.优越(性) ，优等 ‎5. trouble n. 麻烦，困难 vt.麻烦 vi.费力 troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的，麻烦的 ‎6. pronounce vt.发音；宣布 pronunciation n.发音 重点 单词 ‎ ‎1. adaptation n.[c] 改编 ‎ ‎2. hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇，不愿 ‎ ‎3. mistaken adj. 犯错的，错误的 ‎4. condemn vt. 判刑，谴责，宣告……不适用 ‎ ‎5. acquaintance n.[u]相识；熟悉 n.[c]熟人 ‎ ‎6. fortune n.[u]命运；运气；机会 [c]财产，财富 ‎ 重点 词组 ‎1. pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充成……‎ ‎2. a handful of 一把；一小撮，少数，少量 ‎3. in amazement 惊讶地 ‎4. in terms of... 以……的观点；就……而说 ‎5. show... in 带或领……进来 重点句型 ‎1. Generally speaking, people are more polite to those whom they think are of higher social class.‎ ‎2. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.‎ 重点语法 分词作状语（见语法部分）‎ 语言要点（模块）‎ Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) ‎ ‎1. adapt / adopt ‎【解释】‎ adapt v. 使…适应，改编This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original. 这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。‎ adopt v. 采用，收养，接受Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.‎ 他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。‎ ‎【练习】用adapt与adopt的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1). You must ________ to the norms of the society you live in. ‎ ‎2). Paul’ s mother had him _________ because she couldn’ t look after him herself. ‎ ‎3). This machine has been specially _________ for underwater use. ‎ ‎4). These styles can be _________ to suit individual tastes. ‎ ‎5). We should _________ the consumers’ suggestion. ‎ Keys: 1). adapt 2). adopted 3). adapted 4). adapted 5). adopt ‎2. ignore / neglect / overlook ‎【解释】‎ ignore v. 忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝 [+sb/sth]；‎ neglect v. 忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记 [+sb/sth][+to do]；‎ overlook v. 忽略，疏漏，指有意识地或无意识地忽略、遗漏或不采取行动。 ‎ ‎【练习】选择neglect，overlook，ignored填空。‎ ‎1). She saw him coming but she _______ him. ‎ ‎2). He _______ to make repairs in his house.‎ ‎3). The mother _______ her little boy’ s bad behavior. ‎ Keys: 1). ignored 2). neglected 3). overlooked ‎ ‎3. luck / fortune / destiny / fate ‎【解释】‎ luck意为“命运，运气”。‎ fortune意为“命运”，多含变幻无常的意味。‎ destiny强调命中注定，是天意。‎ fate多比喻不幸或死亡，含宿命的意味。‎ ‎【练习】选择luck，fortune，destiny，fate填空。‎ ‎1). She told my _______ by reading my palm. ‎ ‎2). I hope this charm will bring you _______.‎ ‎3). A meeting to decide the _______ of the factory is to be held today. ‎ ‎4). _______ drew us together.‎ Keys: 1). fortune 2). luck 3). fate 4). Destiny Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）‎ ‎1. comfort n. 舒适；安慰 vt.使舒适；安慰，慰问 comfortable adj.舒服的uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的 comfortably adv.舒适地 uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；难受地 ‎2. classify vt. 把……分类，‎ 把……分级 classification n.分类，分级；类别，级别 ‎3. betray vt. 出卖；背叛 betrayal n.[u]出卖，辜负，暴露 betrayer n. 出卖者 ‎4. superior adj.上级的，较 高的 n.上级，长官 superiority n.优越(性) ，优等 ‎5. trouble n. 麻烦，困难 vt.麻烦 vi.费力 troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的，麻烦的 ‎6. pronounce vt.发音；宣布 pronunciation n.发音 ‎【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). The hotel is modern and ________ (comfort) furnished. ‎ ‎2). She always felt slightly ________ (comfort) in a hat. ‎ ‎3). We will never forgive his ________ (betray). ‎ ‎4). She works well with those superior ________ (介词) her in the firm. ‎ ‎5). The economy has become a ________ (trouble) issue for the Conservative Party. ‎ ‎6). We had no trouble ________ (find) the address. ‎ ‎7). The books in the library ________ (classify) according to subject. ‎ ‎8). Only eleven of these accidents were classified ________ (介词) major. ‎ ‎9). She doesn’ t like having her ________ (pronounce) corrected.‎ Keys: 1). comfortably 2). uncomfortable 3). betrayal 4). to ‎ ‎5). troublesome 6). finding 7). are classified 8). as 9). pronunciation ‎ Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）‎ ‎1. adaptation n.[c] 改编 adapt vt.使适应(合)；修改,改编 vi. (to)适应 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。‎ ‎2). The adaptation of animals to the environment is rather slow. 动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ adaptation to 对……的适应 adapt oneself to 使适应；使适合 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。‎ ‎1). He tried hard to _______ himself _______ (使自己适应) the new conditions. ‎ ‎2). He made a quick ________ _________ (适应了) the new environment. ‎ ‎3). When they moved to Canada, the children _______ _______ the change very well. ‎ ‎2. hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇，不愿 hesitation n.[u,c]踌躇；犹豫不决 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). He hesitated before he answered because he didn’ t know what to say. 他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。‎ ‎2). Don’ t hesitate about that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ hesitate to do sth. 做某事犹豫不决 hesitate about (doing)sth. 对某事犹豫不决 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). He was still ________ over whether to join the expedition. ‎ ‎2). He did not hesitate _______ (ask) her to sit beside him.‎ ‎3). Without any_______ (hesitate), he jumped into the river to save the drowning child. ‎ ‎4). There’ s no room for _______ (hesitate). ‎ ‎3. mistaken adj. 犯错的，错误的 mistake n.&v. 错误，过失；弄错，误解，把……误认为 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). You are mistaken about him．你误会他了。‎ ‎2). It can’ t have been my car. You must be mistaken. 那不可能是你的车。你肯定错了。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ by mistake 错误地 mistake for 被误认为是 mistake in 在……的错误 make a mistake 犯错误 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). Someone must have left the door open _______ mistake. ‎ ‎2). We may have made a mistake ________ our calculations. ‎ ‎3). Tom didn’ t make a single spelling ________ in his composition. ‎ ‎4). You _______ my meaning entirely. ‎ ‎5). He was ________ for the minister. ‎ ‎6). Ivan’ s work is always full of _______.‎ ‎4. condemn vt. 判刑，谴责，宣告……不适用 condemnation n.[u,c]谴责，指责，定罪 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). We condemn his foolish behavior. 我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。‎ ‎2). The criminal was condemned to death. 那个罪犯被判处死刑。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ condemn sb. / sth. 谴责某人/某事 be condemned to判以……刑；使……注定 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). She knew that society would ________ her for leaving her children.‎ ‎2). There was widespread international _________ (condemn) of the bombing. ‎ ‎3). He was found guilty and condemned ________ death. ‎ ‎5. acquaintance n.[u]相识；熟悉；熟知 n.[c]相识的人，熟人 acquaint vt. 使熟知，告知 ‎ ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). I have some acquaintance with the Russian. 我懂一点儿俄语。‎ ‎2). She was a casual acquaintance in Vienna. 她是我在越南的一个熟人。 ‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ make one’ s acquaintance = make the acquaintance with sb. 结识某人 acquaint sb. wth.... 使某人认识/了解……‎ ‎[练习] 根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). The musician had little acquaintance ________ modern science. ‎ ‎2). I am delighted to ________ your acquaintance.‎ ‎3). She has many ________ in the business community.‎ ‎4). I have some acquaintance ________ Spanish. ‎ ‎5). I need to ________ myself with the new regulations.‎ ‎6. fortune n.[u]命运；运气；机会 [c]财产，财富 fortunate adj.幸运的，幸福的 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。‎ ‎2). It is believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year. ‎ 据说它还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ make a fortune发财 seek one’ s fortune外出找出路 try one’ s fortune碰运气 be fortunate to do sth.／in doing sth. 幸运做某事 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求翻译。‎ ‎1). He _______ _______ _______ (发了财) by selling houses. ‎ ‎2). She _______ _______ _______ (寻求她的财富) in another country.‎ ‎3). _________ (不幸的是), the fire spread quidkly after it had started. ‎ Keys1: 1). adapt; to 2). adaptation to 3). adapted to Keys2: 1). hesitating 2). to ask 3). hesitation 4). hesitation Keys3: 1). by 2). in 3). mistake 4). mistook 5). mistaken 6). mistakes Keys4: 1). condemn 2). condemnation 3). to Keys5: 1). with 2). make 3). acquaintances 4). with 5). acquaint Keys6: 1). made a fortune 2). sought her fortune 3). Unfortunately ‎ Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）‎ ‎1. pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充成……‎ ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). He escaped by passing himself off as a guard. 他冒充警卫逃走了。‎ ‎2). She passed him off as her husband. 她把他假充作自己的丈夫。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ pass sth. to sb. 将某物递给某人 pass away 去世 pass down/on... 把……传给后世 pass...on to 把……传递给…… pass by 走过；经过 pass through 通过；穿过 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。‎ ‎1). Pass the book _______ _______ me when you’ ve finished it. ‎ ‎2). I was sorry to learn that his mother had passed _______. ‎ ‎3). She passed _______ a difficult period after her marriage failed. ‎ ‎4). They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them _______ _______ valuable antiques. ‎ ‎2. a handful of 一把；一小撮，少数，少量 ‎[典例] ‎ He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket. 他从口袋里取出一把钱。‎ ‎[短语归纳] ‎ a mouthful of一口；少量 an armful of 一揽；一抱 ‎[练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。‎ ‎1). We have received only _______ _______ _______ (少数几封) letters on this subject. ‎ ‎2). He only ate a few _______ _______ (几口) meat. ‎ ‎3. in amazement 惊讶地 ‎[典例] ‎ I stared at him in amazement. 我吃惊地盯着他。‎ ‎[短语归纳] in在结构中表示“处于……状态”的短语：‎ in action在行动 in advance 事先 in anger 气忿地 in common共有，共同 in danger处于危险中 in debt欠债 in detail详细地 in doubt怀疑 in excitement兴奋地 in tears流着眼泪 in general 大体上 in operation 生效,运转着 in place 在适当的位置 in reality实际上 in return 作为报答 in secret秘密地 in shape 处于良好状态 in short 简言之 in sight被看见 in silence沉默地 in vain 白白地 in thought 思考 in trouble有麻烦 in turn依次为 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). ________ my amazement, he changed so much. ‎ ‎2). I find it ________ (amaze) that you can’ t swim. ‎ ‎3). I heard that a burglar broke into my room last night ________ amazement. I couldn’ t believe my ears. ‎ ‎4. in terms of... 以……的观点；就……而说 ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). In terms of money, he’ s quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. ‎ 就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。‎ ‎2). It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。‎ ‎[短语归纳] 英语中类似结构的短语有：‎ in need of 需要 in charge of 负责 in search of 搜寻 ‎ in hope of 希望 in honor of 纪念、尊重 in favor of 有利于 ‎ in spite of 尽管 in case of 以防、万一 in place of 代替 ‎[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。 ‎ ‎1). Think of it ________ ________ ________ (从……角度) an investment. ‎ ‎2). It was a bad year for films, ________ _________ ________ ________ _________ ________ _________ (无论从数量上还是质量上). ‎ ‎3). This project is ________ _________ ________ ________ (迫切地需要) funding.‎ ‎4). He is homeless and________ _________ ________ ________ _________ (需要帮助).‎ ‎5. show... in 带或领……进来 ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). Tom showed a little boy in. 汤姆带了一个小男孩进来。‎ ‎2). Will you show him in? 你把他领进来好吗？‎ ‎[短语归纳] show短语：‎ show sb. out 领某人出去 show sb. around 领某人参观某地 show off 炫耀，卖弄，使显眼 show up 出现，来到某处，揭露，显得好看 ‎[练习] 用适当的介词或副词填空。 ‎ ‎1). 1 will show you ________ when you are in the city.‎ ‎2). She likes to show ________ her nice figure by wearing tight dresses.‎ ‎3). Uncle George didn’ t show ________ for our wedding because he forgot it. ‎ ‎4). He showed me ________ a sittingroom. ‎ Keys1: 1). on; to 2). away 3). through 4). off; as ‎ Keys2: 1). a handful of 2). mouthfuls of ‎ Keys3: 1). To 2). amazing 3). in Keys4: 1). in terms of 2). in terms of both quantity and quality ‎ 3). in great/urgent need of 4). in great need of help Keys5: 1). around 2). off 3). up 4). Into Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）‎ 1. Generally speaking, people are more polite to those whom they think are of higher social class. ‎ 总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。‎ ‎[解释] ‎ ‎1). 本句中的of 表示“从属”关系。例如：‎ Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。‎ ‎2). be of＋形容词＋抽象名词＝be＋副词＋与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如：‎ What I said is of great importance. = What I said is very important. 我所说的非常重要。 ‎ 可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：ability-able, help-helpful, use-useful,‎ importance-important, interest-interesting, significance-significant, value-valuable ‎[练习] 翻译句子。‎ ‎1). 他是个兴趣广泛的人。‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2). 我觉得这本英汉字典非常有用。‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________________‎ 2. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation. ‎ 亨利.希金斯正与皮克林上校促膝长谈。‎ ‎[解释] 形容词短语deep in sth.“专心；全神贯注；深陷”，可用在句中作表语、状语。例：‎ ‎1). He was deep in thought. 他陷入了沉思。‎ ‎2). He was so deep in his work that he was not aware of the fire. 他是如此专心工作以致于不知道发生了火灾。‎ ‎3). Deep in work, he didn’ t notice a man come in. ‎ 同样用法的词还有：lost, determined, absorbed, dressed等，例：‎ ‎1). Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.‎ ‎2). Absorbed in novel, he forgot his appointment.‎ ‎[练习] 翻译句子。‎ ‎1). _________ (determine) not to come back, she went out of the house.‎ ‎2). _________ (dress) as a princess, she went onto the stage.‎ Keys1: 1). He is a person of wide interests. ‎ ‎2). I find the English-Chinese dictionary very useful / of great use.‎ Keys2: 1). Determined 2). Dressed 课文要点（模块）‎ Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）‎ 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：‎ Higgins, Pickering and Eliza were ____1______ from the rain. Eliza was a poor flower girl who was _____2_____ to improve herself. But she could speak poor English. The expert in phonetic, Higgins, noticed this and became ____3_____ in teaching her English. At first he wrote down the words that the girl used. She was surprised at this. Later she knew that phonetics _____4_____ from people’s own ____5_____. And that was Higgins ____6____ and hobby. Higgins said her ___7_______ English will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. Once _____8____ to speak properly, the girl could ____9_____ herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. Higgins and Pickering had exchanged their own opinion and decided to teach her English from the _____10_____.‎ ‎(答案: 1.sheltering; 2.ambitious; 3.interested; 4.classified; 5.speech; ‎ ‎6.profession; 7.terrible; 8.educated; 9.pass; 10. alphabet)‎ Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）‎ 阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。‎ 这个剧本讲述的是一个来自社会下层且语言粗俗的卖花女，偶然遇到上层社会的皮克林上校和希金斯教授的情景。‎ ‎ The play is about ____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：The play is about a Pygmalion from the lower society with vulgar language, who occasionally encountered Colonel Pickering and Professor Higgins in the upper society.‎ Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）‎ ‎1.【原句】A man is hiding from the rain listening to people’s language and watching their reactions. 有一个男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话，边观察着人们的反应。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：主句 + V-ing and V-ing ‎【模仿1】 所以的学生在晚会上又唱又跳，玩得很开心。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【模仿2】我喜欢独自学习，可以集中精神于我做的事情及思考我的想法。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．【原句】Disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing, Eliza said: “ Thank you, sir.” 对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但想到有总比没有好,Eliza 说：“谢谢,先生.”‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：V-ed 状语，+ but +V-ing状语, +主句 ‎【模仿3】虽然训练很累，但相信总有一天他会成为冠军，刘翔告诉自己要坚持。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【模仿4】虽然被电脑游戏吸引，但想到他的作业还没做，他立即关掉电脑。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 【原句】She’s quite a common girl with dirty nails. 她是很普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏兮兮的。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构： a/an + adj. + C.N. + with短语作定语 ‎【模仿5】她是一位相当聪明的学生，且乐于助人。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【模仿6】他是一位有着快乐家庭的成功商人。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案1： All the students enjoyed the party, singing and dancing. ‎ 答案2：I prefer studying alone, concentrate on what I am doing and thinking my own thoughts 答案3：Tired from the training, but believing one day he would be a championship, Liu Xiang told himself he must carry on.‎ 答案4：Attracted by the computer games, but thinking that his home was still undone, he turned off the computer at once. ‎ 答案5：She is quite an intelligent student with a helping hand.‎ 答案6：He is a successful business man with a happy family.‎ 人教版高中英语：《高考优学》教材梳理——选修八Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）‎ 词汇 部分 词语 辨析 ‎1. used to / would 2. interrupt / disturb / bother ‎ ‎3. assume / suppose / presume ‎ 词形 变化 ‎1. alternative n.[c]替换物 ‎ adj.选择性的，二中择一的 alternatively adv. 作为选择，二者择一 ‎2. accuracy n.[u]精确性，正确度 accurate adj. 正确的，精确的inaccurate adj.不准确的 accurately adv. 正确地，精确地inaccurately adv. 不准确地 ‎3. assume vt.假定；设想；‎ 采用；承担 assumption n. 假定，设想，假装，就职 assumed adj. 假定的，假装的，装的 ‎4. analysis n.[c]分析，分解 analyse(analyze) vt.分析，分解 analytical adj.分析的，解析的 ‎5. significance n. 意义，含义；重要性，重大 significant adj. 相当数量的；意义重大的 significantly adv. 意义深远地，重大地 ‎6. division n.分(开，配，担；歧，裂)；除(法)；部门 divide vt.分(开)；vi.分开 ‎ ‎7. skill n.[c,u]技能，技巧，熟练，巧妙 skillful adj. 灵巧的，熟练的，制作精巧的 skillfully adv. 巧妙地，技术好地 重点 单词 ‎ ‎1. interrupt vt.&vi. 阻断，中断；打岔；插嘴 ‎ ‎2. applaud vt. 鼓掌，称赞，赞成 ‎ ‎3. accelerate vt. 加速，促进 ‎4. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.[c]逮捕 ‎ 重点 词组 ‎1. regardless of 不管；不顾（我觉得有些词或词组用法单一，不必重点用法）‎ ‎2. fed up with 受够了，厌烦（是本单元的重点词组 Page41 练习3对话里）‎ ‎3. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划 ‎4. date back to... 追溯到……，从……时候就有了 重点句型 ‎1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.‎ ‎2. Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made form animal skins.‎ 重点语法 复习现在进行时（见语法部分）‎ 语言要点（模块）‎ Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) ‎ ‎1. used to / would ‎【解释】‎ would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ would只能表示反复发生的动作。如果表示过去经常性的状态，就不能用would，只能用 used to。‎ used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，但现在已经结束。would则表示有可能再 发生。‎ ‎【练习】用used to或would填空。‎ ‎1). When we were boys we ________ go swimming every summer. ‎ ‎2). He ________ be very poor. ‎ ‎3). People ________ believe that the earth was flat. ‎ ‎4). He ________ go to the park as soon as he was free. ‎ Keys: 1). used to / would 2). used to 3). used to 4). would (现在有可能再去) ‎ ‎2. interrupt / disturb / bother ‎ ‎【解释】‎ interrupt意为“打断，中断”，尤指中断某活动的连续性。‎ disturb意为“因焦虑、失望、困惑等情感因素而使人心绪收到明显干扰”。‎ bother意为“扰乱某人心绪而使人不能专心或专一”。‎ ‎【练习】选择interrupt，disturb，bother的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1). She was _______ to hear of your illness. ‎ ‎2). I’ m sorry to _______ the meeting, but there is an urgent long-distance call for Mr. Zhou.‎ ‎3). Don’ t _______ yourself too much about me. ‎ ‎4). We _________ in the middle of our conversation.‎ Keys: 1). disturbed 2). interrupt 3). bother 4). were interrupted ‎3. assume / suppose / presume ‎【解释】‎ assume“假定，设想”，用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。‎ suppose意为“根据一定证据作出的见解”，最不正式。‎ presume意为“某人以过去的经验作为依据，对某事作出合乎逻辑的推测”。‎ ‎【练习】选择assume，suppose，presume的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1). I _______ that he has gone for a walk. ‎ ‎2). We _______ the situation will improve.‎ ‎3). From the available data it may be _______ that the writer was very famous in the 4th century. ‎ Keys: 1). assume 2). suppose 3). presumed Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）‎ ‎1. alternative n.[c]替换物 ‎ adj.选择性的，二中择一的 alternatively adv. 作为选择，二者择一 ‎2. accuracy n.[u]精确性，正确度 accurate adj. 正确的，精确的inaccurate adj.不准确的 accurately adv.正确地，精确地inaccurately adv. 不准确地 ‎3. assume vt.假定；设想；‎ 采用；承担 assumption n. 假定，设想，假装，就职 assumed adj. 假定的，假装的，装的 ‎4. analysis n.[c]分析，分解 analyse(analyze) vt.分析，分解 analytical adj.分析的，解析的 ‎5. significance n. 意义，含义；重要性，重大 significant adj. 相当数量的；意义重大的 significantly adv. 意义深远地，重大地 ‎6. division n.分(开，配，担；歧，裂)；除(法)；部门 divide vt.分(开)；vi.分开 ‎ ‎7. skill n.[c,u]技能，技巧，熟练，巧妙 skillful adj. 灵巧的，熟练的，制作精巧的 skillfully adv. 巧妙地，技术好地 ‎【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式或介词填空。‎ ‎1). The way was blocked, so we went by an ________ (alternatively) road. ‎ ‎2). The design is slightly ________ (accurate), so we must make some changes. ‎ ‎3). The boss is worried about the ________ (accurate) of the statistics. ‎ ‎4). It’ s impossible to predict the weather _________ (accurate). ‎ ‎5). A lot of people make the ________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.‎ ‎6). The ________ (analyse) of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police the address. ‎ ‎7). Students need to possess certain basic ________ (skillful) by the time they finish schoo1. ‎ ‎8). He was valued for his skill ________ (介词) raising money for the company. ‎ ‎9). The discovery of the new drug is of great _________ (significant) to people suffering from heart problems.‎ ‎10). Sometimes there is no simple _________ (divide) between good and evil.‎ Keys: 1). alternative 2). inaccurate 3). accuracy 4). accurately 5). assumption ‎6). analysis 7). skills 8). in 9). significance 10). division Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）‎ ‎1. interrupt vt.&vi. 阻断，中断；打岔；插嘴 interruption n. 中断，打断 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。‎ ‎2). It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。‎ ‎[重点用法] ‎ interrupt (sb/sth) (with sth) 打断（某人）讲话；打岔；打扰 ‎[练习] 用interrupt的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1). Electricity _________ (interrupt) in the course of work. ‎ ‎2). Let’ s go somewhere where we can talk without _________ (interrupt).‎ Keys: 1). was interrupted 2). interruption ‎ ‎2. applaud vt. 鼓掌，称赞，赞成 applause n. 鼓掌欢迎，欢呼 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。‎ ‎2). I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ applaud sb. for sth 因某事而赞扬某人 applaud the decision赞成某个决定 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). She should be applauded ________ her honesty. ‎ ‎2). A crowd of 300 supporters warmly ________ her speech.‎ ‎3). The candidate’ s promise to improve public schools was greeted with a loud round of ________.‎ ‎4). I ________ the decision to install more security cameras. ‎ Keys: 1). for 2). applauded 3). applause 4). applaud ‎3. accelerate vt.&vi. 加速，促进 acceleration n. 加速度 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). We must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. 我们必须采取措施，加速经济增长。‎ ‎2). The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。‎ ‎[练习] 用accelerate或其同根词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). The driver stepped on the gas and ________ the car.‎ ‎2). The ________ of train service will bring us great convenience. ‎ ‎3). The bad weather _________ our departure. ‎ Keys: 1). accelerated 2). acceleration 3). accelerated ‎ 4. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.[c]逮捕 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). The criminal was arrested yesterday. 罪犯昨天被捕了。‎ ‎2). What she did arrested my attention. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕 arrest one’ s attention吸引某人的注意 under arrest被捕；被拘留 ‎[练习] 根据句子的意思填入适当的介词或用arrest 的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1). I got arrested ________ careless driving.‎ ‎2). Her Uncle was ________ arrest, but nobody knew the reason. ‎ ‎3). Five youths ________ in connection with the attack. ‎ ‎4). The public applauded the ________ of the criminal suspect.‎ Keys: 1). for 2). under 3). were arrested 4). arrest ‎ Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）‎ ‎1. regardless of 不管；不顾 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). I’ ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。‎ ‎2). He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’ s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。‎ ‎[练习] 翻译下面的句子。‎ ‎1). 他不顾危险，跳进河里救那个溺水的小孩。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2). 不管天气怎样，我都会去。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ Keys: 1). He jumped into the river to save the little drowning boy the danger. ‎ ‎2). I will go regardless of the weather. ‎ ‎2. fed up with 受够了，厌烦 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1). I’ m fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。‎ ‎2). What’ s the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎麽啦？你显得那麽不高兴。 ‎ ‎[短语归纳] feed短语：‎ feed sb/sth on sth给（人或动物）食物；喂；饲养 feed on（动物）以……为主食 feed sth to sb/sth 给（人或动物）某物作为食物 ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。‎ ‎1). Several children were feeding bread ________ the ducks. ‎ ‎2). What do you feed your dog ________? ‎ ‎3). Cows feed ________ grass. ‎ ‎4). I’ m fed up ________ the same breakfast every morning.‎ Keys: 1). to 2). on 3). on 4). with ‎ 3. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划 ‎[典例] ‎ Have you looked ahead to what you’ ll be doing in five years’ time? 你是否想过五年後你要做些什麽?‎ ‎[短语归纳] look短语：‎ look back 向后看； 回顾 look out 留神；注意 look into 调查 look up 查找；形势好转；看望 look up to sb. 尊敬 某人 look through 仔细查阅 look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望 look on 旁观；看作 look over 快速浏览，复习 look down (on/upon sth.) 向下看； 轻视 ‎[练习] 用look短语翻译下面的句子。 ‎ ‎1). You should ____________________________________.(翻阅字典查查这个生词).‎ ‎2). I am looking forward to ________________________ as soon as possible. (收到你的回信)‎ ‎3). _______________ (当心) or you will catch cold.‎ ‎4). I have to _______________________ (把笔记复习一遍) for the exam.‎ Keys: 1). look up the word in a dictionary 2). hearing from you 3). look out 4). look over my notes ‎4. date back to... = date from... 追溯到……，从……时候开始就有了 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。‎ ‎[短语归纳] ‎ ‎[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入短语或所给词的适当形式。 ‎ ‎1). The custom ________ ________ hundreds of years.‎ ‎2). Our friendship________ ________ ________ the late 70s. ‎ ‎3). This is a law ________ (date) from the 17th century. ‎ Keys: 1). dates back 2). dates back to 3). dating Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）‎ ‎1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。‎ ‎[解释]“have been excavating”是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。‎ 如：We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已 经花了一个多月时间了。‎ 注意：区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。一般来说现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时 表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成。试比较：‎ They have built a house. (完成) / They have been building a house. (尚未完成)‎ ‎[练习] 在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。 ‎ ‎1). We ________ ________ (work) for two hours by the time she came.‎ ‎2). Last year he ________ (write) a novel. I don’ t know whether he ________ (finish) now. ‎ ‎3). Since 1977, CCTV ________ (broadcast) English programmes. ‎ Keys: 1). had been working 2). was writing; has finished 3). has been broadcasting 1. Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made form animal skins. ‎ 我们的证据表明他们确实穿了用动物皮做成的衣服。‎ ‎[解释] suggest最常用有两个意思：‎ ‎(1)：提议；提出；建议，后接动词要用动词的ing形式，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(“should+动词原形”，should常省略)。如：‎ ‎1). It’ s noisy here. I suggest changing another hotel. 这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。‎ ‎2). I suggest (that) you (should) ask Mr. Wu. 我建议你问问吴先生。‎ ‎3). I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once. 我建议立即把小孩送医院。‎ 后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气的词可记为：‎ 一个坚持：insist / 二个命令：command, order / 四个建议：advise, suggest, recommend, propose / ‎ 四个要求：ask, demand, request, require ‎(2)：表明，显示，暗示；显出，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。如：‎ His expression suggests that he has got the job.他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。‎ ‎[练习] 在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。 ‎ ‎1). I wrote suggesting that he ________ (come) for the weekend. ‎ ‎2). He demands that he ________ (tell) everything. ‎ Keys: 1). come 2). be told 课文要点（模块）‎ Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）‎ 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：‎ A group of students came to Zhoukoudian for a ____1____. An archaeologist showed them around. He told them it was here that they found _____2_____ of the earliest people who lived in this ______3______ of the world, and it was reasonable to ____4_____ they had lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. We had discovered ____5____ in the center of the bones of tigers and bears. It seemed that they might have used _____6______ stone tools to cut ____7_____ the animal and _____8_____ their skin to sew the pieces together. Maybe there was _____9_______ between early people. They didn’t ____10______ their own crops, but picked fruit and killed animals. ‎ ‎(答案: 1.visit; 2.evidence; 3.part; 4.assume; 5.fireplaces; 6. sharpened; 7.up; 8.remove; 9.trade; 10.grow) ‎ Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）‎ 阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。‎ 从会话中，我们可以获取一些关于周口店洞穴信息，和考古学家利用审问技术从他们找到的物品中获得关于早期人类生活的信息 ‎ From the conversation, we can get _____________________________________________________‎ ‎___________ _______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：From the conversation, we can get some information about the Zhoukoudian caves and the kind of questioning techniques that archaeologists use to get information about the life of early people from the objects they find.‎ Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）‎ ‎1.【原句】You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 你们想必都很清楚，正是这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：be aware that + it is …that…强调句 ‎【模仿1】我们必须意识到是政府应该采取措施来关闭那些给我们的生存环境带来污染的工厂。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：We must be aware that it’s the government that should take measures to close those factories that bring much pollution to our living environment. ‎ ‎【模仿2】我们应该意识到，没有任何东西比健康更重要，健康是成功的基础。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：We should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health, which is the foundation of one’s success. ‎ ‎2．【原句】Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。‎ ‎ [模仿要点] 句子结构：分词状语， + 主句 + with + … ‎ ‎【模仿1】怀特先生对中国历史感兴趣，所以在当地导游的引领下访问所有博物馆。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Interested in Chinese history, Mr. White paid visits to all the museums with a local guide during his stay in Beijing. ‎ ‎【模仿2】舞狮，象征着兴旺与吉祥，富有浓厚的民族特点和独特的传统艺术，是中华民族文化中的一颗璀璨的明珠。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Standing for success and luck , lion dance is a bright star in the galaxy of Chinese traditional culture with rich national feature and unique traditional art.‎ ‎3. 【原句】Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：主句 + V-ing分词作状语+宾语从句 + 分词作定语 ‎【模仿1】我可以说考试对学生是一件好事，可以测试我们对老师所教的知识掌握的有多好。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案： I can say examination is a good thing for us students, testing how well we’ve mastered the knowledge taught by the teachers. ‎ ‎【模仿2】深深得益于网络，每天都期待着有大量的信息和宝贝等着我去掏。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：I deeply benefit from the Internet expecting that there is plenty of information and treasure waiting for me to explore everyday.‎