高考英语二轮复习易错题库语法3

高考英语二轮复习易错题库语法3

高考英语二轮复习易错题库之语法3‎ 情态动词考点 ‎◆典型陷阱题分析◆‎ ‎1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”‎ A. shall B. will C. would D. can ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：‎ ‎(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：‎ Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?‎ Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？‎ ‎(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：‎ You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)‎ Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)‎ You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)‎ 请做以下试题(答案均选 shall)：‎ ‎(1) “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”‎ A. should B. must C. would D. shall ‎2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.‎ A. cannot B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：‎ You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。‎ You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。‎ We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。‎ A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。‎ 注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：‎ It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。‎ ‎3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”‎ A. must B. can C. need D. may ‎【陷阱】可能误选B或C。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。‎ ‎4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”‎ A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C。‎ ‎5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”‎ A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think 答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。请看类例：‎ Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.‎ A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied 答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D。‎ ‎6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.‎ A. can B. could C. must D. should ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can ‎ 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。‎ ‎◆精编陷阱题训练◆‎ ‎1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.” ‎ A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked ‎2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”‎ A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been ‎3. That car nearly hit me; I ______. ‎ A. might be killed B. might have been killed C. may be killed D. may been killed ‎4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it. ‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t ‎ ‎5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____. ‎ A. may B. can C. must D. will ‎6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. ‎ A. needn’t B. mightn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t ‎ ‎7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already. ‎ A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told ‎8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.‎ A. must go B. must have gone C. might go D. might be going ‎9. Are you still here? You ______ home hours ago. ‎ A. should go B. should have gone C. might go D. may have gone ‎10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”‎ A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been ‎11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.‎ A. may B. can C. would D. should ‎13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”‎ A. mustn’t　　 B. needn’t C. can’t 　　　　　　 D. shouldn’t ‎14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.‎ A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t ‎ ‎15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.‎ A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t ‎ C. needn’t D. couldn’t ‎17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed. ‎ A. might fail B. must have failed C. should fail D. could have failed ‎18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”‎ A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been ‎19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.‎ A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped ‎20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”‎ A. can ask, will waste B. must have asked, had wasted C. could have asked, was wasted D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted ‎21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”‎ A. must B. might C. would D. can ‎22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”‎ A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out ‎23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”‎ A. must; could B. may; might C. need; must D. could; need ‎25. “Did Jim come?” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”‎ A. might have come B. might come C. mush have come D. should have come ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。‎ ‎2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。‎ ‎3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用  may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。‎ ‎4. 选C。由句意可知。‎ ‎5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。 ‎ ‎6. 选C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。‎ ‎7. 选B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他(当时)已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。‎ ‎8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。‎ ‎9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。‎ ‎10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。‎ ‎12. 选A。may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。‎ ‎13. 选C。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。‎ ‎14. 选B。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能”。‎ ‎16. 选D。couldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。‎ ‎17. 选A。根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D。再根据语意，排除C。‎ ‎18. 选D。从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C。从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D。‎ ‎19. 选C。根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。‎ ‎20. 选C。couldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。‎ ‎21. 选B。根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might。若选A，语气太强，不合语境；若选D，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。‎ ‎22. 选D。既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除A和B。比较选项C和D所表示的意思，选D更恰当。‎ ‎24. 选A。根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must。第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。‎ ‎25. 选A。根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除B；根据 I don’t know 可知选项C语气太肯定，不合适；选项D的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。‎