高考真题解析英语分项版汇编专题01冠词与名词代词动词

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高考真题解析英语分项版汇编专题01冠词与名词代词动词

‎2011年高考英语试题考点分项解析 ‎ 单项选择 名词与冠词 ‎【考查要点】‎ 高考对冠词的考查几乎每年都有一道题,而且都设两空,以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多,主要是缺乏语感,对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。‎ 名词不仅是中学英语的基本词汇,也是历年高考的“常客”。高考单项填空题中考查名词的题目一般为1—2道,考点往往集中在抽象名词具体化、名词作定语、名词固定搭配及名词词义辨析等方面。‎ ‎【名师解题指南】‎ 冠词基本上是每年必考的词性之一,因此对冠词类试题的技巧掌握是必要的,从历年的高考试题出题情况来看,要做好此类试题,你需要:‎ ‎1. 审查选项 从选项反馈你的信息中,你要快速判断是考查定冠词a,an的区别,还是考查不定冠词和定冠词的区别,做好此项工作你会省去很多时间。‎ ‎2. 审查题干 了解考查内容之后,审查题干后的名词,判断考查的内容,是考查固定词组,还是考查和不可数名词搭配或者是固定句式等,做好此项工作,有时可以直接将答案选出。‎ ‎3. 通晓大意,做出判断 认真理解题干内容,结合考查对象,将试题分析透彻,将答案判断出来。‎ 生应熟知不定冠词表示泛指和定冠词表示特指的意义;特别要注意抽象名词具体化和具体名词抽象化的现象;注意零冠词和固定搭配的使用情况。‎ 例:Polar bears live mostly on _______ sea ice, which they use as _______ platform for hunting seals. ‎ A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填 ‎ ‎[解析] 考查冠词的基本用法。第一空修饰的名词ice为不可数,前面不加a,第二空根据句意“把海冰作为一个捕捉海豹的平台”选C。因此,答案是C。‎ ‎【11真题全解全析】‎ ‎1.(2011江苏卷,27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain ‎ their professional ___.‎ A.consequence B.independence C.competence D.intelligence ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。为了保持专业能力,老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence“能力”,符合句意。consequence“结果”,independence“独立”,intelligence“智力”,均不符合句意。‎ ‎2.(2011福建卷,26) The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.‎ A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词。“公众缺乏环保的习惯”和“全球气候变化”二者之间是因果关系,所以用cause。句意:公众缺乏环保的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。‎ ‎3.(2011浙江卷,18) Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.‎ A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions ‎5.(2011湖北卷,21) “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.‎ A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“Tommy,快跑!快点!房子着火了!”母亲大声叫喊,嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气;rudeness粗鲁;regret后悔;panic惊慌,慌乱。根据句意选D。‎ ‎6.(2011湖北卷,22)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________,‎ ‎ but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.‎ A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition ‎8.(2011江西卷,31)What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?‎ A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词的辨义。sympathy同情,theme 主题,object 物体,point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么?选D。‎ ‎9.(2011山东卷,34) There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.‎ A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时,他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统;balance平衡;concern关心;relationship关系,联系。句中somebody 与they相照应,说明不止一次,因此用tradition作答案。‎ ‎10.(2011江苏卷,32)We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.‎ A.in detail B.in general C.on purpose D.on time ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切,然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地;in general一般而言, 总的来说;on purpose故意地;on time准时。根据句意,先讨论后定计划,选A。‎ ‎11.(2011新课标卷,33) It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.‎ A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查冠词的用法。语意:人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。两个空都表示泛指,因此都填不定冠词a。‎ ‎12.(2011全国卷II,16) As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.‎ A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为“当Jack走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门,a strange sight是泛指,相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。‎ ‎13.(2011山东卷,21) Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.‎ A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为“别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离,是固定搭配的短语;the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆,故用the特指。选B。‎ ‎14.(2011浙江卷,2) Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso. ‎ A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查冠词在语境中的用法。句意为“专家认为,最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画;a Picsso意为a Picsso’s painting,指毕加索的一件作品,有one的含义。因此选D。‎ ‎15.(2011四川卷,18)Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”‎ A. 不填;A B.不填;The C.the; The D.a; A ‎17.(2011陕西卷,13)As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. ‎ A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ;the C. the ;the D. 不填;不填 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意为“众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前;第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C。‎ ‎18.(2011江西卷22)——It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _____ year.‎ ‎—— Right, he will also get paid by _____ week.‎ A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。前一句句意为:据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作,表时间单位每年,冠词用a,后一句说没错,他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B。‎ 单项选择 代词 ‎【考查要点】‎ 代词是高中英语中比较难以掌握的知识点,但又是历年高考的重点和热点。英语中的代词种类繁多,有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词等等。但纵观历年高考试题,主要考查的代词有:it,one,that,those,all,none,each,every,both,either,neither, little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any以及与some-,any-,no-,every-构成有关的合成代词。掌握代词的关键是要弄清代词的具体的指代用法,数的概念,词性以及代词表示肯定还是否定含义等等。‎ ‎【名师解题指南】‎ 代词在具体的语境中运用起来往往具有很大的灵活性,高考英语试题对代词的考查更是灵活多变。我们应从以下几方面入手来把握代词的解题规律 ‎1.明确指代。在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑:(1)代词指代的是人还是物;(2) 代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;(3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念; (4) 代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。(5) 代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。‎ ‎2.理清逻辑。需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:(1) 代词所表示的范围;(2) 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。‎ ‎3 吃透语境。有些高考试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用,这样的题目须分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案,忌死抠语法。‎ 例:—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow_______ ?—No, I’d rather buy ______in the bookstore. ‎ A. it; one B. one; one ‎ C. one; it D. it; it  ‎ ‎【解析】对话中前者说的是“那种书图书馆还有一本”,问对方是否去把“(上句所提及的)那本”借来,所以应该用it指代。后者想去书店买“(同类书中的)一本”,就该用one了,所以答案为A。‎ ‎【11真题全解全析】 ‎ ‎1. (2011陕西卷,16)——Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?‎ ‎—— one? ‎ A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“——亲爱的,可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来?——还要吃一块?”another 与数词连用时,数词放在another的后面,如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时,数词放在它们的前面,如one more apple, two other boys;every指每一个,含义与all接近。因此选C。‎ ‎2. (2011湖南卷,24)I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up ‎ wanting to be a director. ‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他;他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。因此选D。‎ ‎3. (2011辽宁卷,27) ——Would you like tea or coffee?‎ ‎—— , thank you. I've just had some water.‎ A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither ‎4.(2011江西卷25)Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?‎ A. that B.it C.his D.him ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去?”it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。‎ ‎5. (2011山东卷,24) The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.‎ A. it B. them C. her D. that ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像,不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。‎ ‎6. (2011福建卷,21)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interests. ‎ A. either B. each C. one D. it ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查不定代词one的用法。句意为“在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词,表泛指,相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。‎ ‎7. (2011安徽卷,22)Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.‎ A. them B. her C. itself D. herself ‎ ‎9. (2011四川卷,3)There is in his words. We should have a try.[‎ A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。”something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。‎ ‎10. (2011重庆卷,27)——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.‎ ‎——What do you think of over there?‎ A. the one B. this C.it D.that ‎12. (2011北京卷,34)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .‎ A. them B. those C. it D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”,是单数,而them和those是复数。因此选C。‎ ‎13. (2011天津卷,1)We feel our duty to make our country a better place.‎ A. it B. this C. that D. one ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A 单项选择 动词和动词短语 ‎【考查要点】‎ 动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题拟题中动词所占比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中,其考点主要涉及到以下几个方面:‎ ‎1.动词的词义。考查动词词义辨析是该考点出现的基本形式。‎ ‎2.动词搭配。有时只从句子的内容来看,几个选项似乎都合适,但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案 ‎3.动词短语。很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词,不能随意更改。‎ ‎【名师解题指南】‎ 动词和动词短语辨析无论是在高考单项填空题还是完形填空题中都是必考内容之一,所占比例也最大。从近年高考试题来看,考查的动词和动词短语都是一些常见的词汇,并不生僻,考点主要集中在以下六个方面: ‎ 一、考查动词词义辨析 ‎ 这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题,必须明确各个动词的词义和用法,然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。 ‎ 例1 Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy. ‎ A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed ‎ ‎【解析】 四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与worker构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in economy可知,只有B项符合题意。 ‎ 二、 考查近义动词辨析 ‎ 这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题,必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。 ‎ 例2 When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______. ‎ A. injured B. damaged ‎ C. harmed D. destroyed ‎ ‎【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害,损害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看,答案为A。 ‎ 三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配 ‎ 英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时,解答的关键是弄清题意,然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。 ‎ 例3 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years. ‎ A. bought B. come ‎ C. thrown D. appeared ‎ ‎【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露,将……曝光”是come to light,故答案为B。 ‎ 四、 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配 ‎ 英语中有些动词后跟宾补时,有其固定搭配,如let/have/make sb. do sth.,get/force sb. to do sth.,allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构,找到作宾补的不定式,然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to,最后确定该用什么动词。 ‎ 例4 The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.” ‎ A. advising B. suggesting ‎ C. letting D. making ‎ ‎【解析】 分析句子结构可知,空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式,作everyone的宾语补足语,由此可排除A项;suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补,更不用说无to的不定式,由此排除B项;let作为使役动词时,无进行时态,也排除;只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的,所以答案为D。 ‎ 五、 考查系动词 ‎ 动词作系动词用时,后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有:appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的答案。 ‎ 例5 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.‎ A. seen B. to be seen ‎ C. seeing D. to see ‎ ‎【解析】 题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察。”由题意可知,remain在此是用作系动词,且see这一动作还没有发生,答案锁定在B和D中间;the effect和see之间是被动关系,所以答案为B。 ‎ 六、 考查不同动词短语的辨析 ‎ 这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思,选出符合题意的动词短语。 ‎ 例6 The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent ‎ and skills. ‎ A. give out B. take in ‎ C. show off D. carry on ‎ ‎【解析】 题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“炫耀;展示”之意,故答案为C。 ‎ ‎【11真题全解全析】 ‎ ‎1.(2011辽宁卷,24) You are old enough to your own living.‎ A.win B. gain C. take D. earn ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“你长大了,可以自谋生路了。”earn one’s living 谋生,固定搭配。‎ ‎2. (2011全国卷,26) I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.‎ A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍,但是脏我讨厌。”come up with想出, 提出;put up with  忍受, 容忍;turn to转向,翻书到,求助于,(使)变成;stick to坚持,紧跟,粘住,忠于。‎ ‎3.(2011天津卷,8)She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.‎ A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“昨天在百货商店购物时,她遇上了她的老朋友。”turn down拒绝;deal with对付,处理;take after 长得像,性格类似于,效仿;come across穿过, 越过,偶然遇见。‎ ‎4.(2011山东卷,25) They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic.‎ A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。”put off推迟;speed up加快;turn on打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等),(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋;work out算出,实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量,故选B。‎ ‎5.(2011江苏卷,30)——You look upset. What’s the matter?‎ ‎—— I had my proposal _______ again.‎ A.turned over B.turned on C.turned off D.turned down ‎7.(2011安徽卷, 34)If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【答案】A ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要,你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”come across偶然遇到;care about关心,在乎;look for寻找;focus upon专注于。 ‎ ‎8.(2011浙江卷,6) The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it,‎ A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的,但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用,尽量好好去做;get away from逃离;keep an eye on照看,,留心; 注意;catch up with追上,赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化,选A。‎ ‎9.(2011浙江卷,12) He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night.‎ A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“他决定一路驾车回家,不在旅馆留宿。”put down放下,平定, 镇压,记下;put off推迟;put on穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加;put up举起,建立,张贴,投宿。根据句意选D。‎ ‎10.(2011四川卷,7)To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.‎ A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“为了获得好成绩,你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”go over审查,复习,重温从头到尾检查一遍;get over越过,完成,克服(困难),从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来;turn over翻身,翻转,把……移交;take over接管; 接替。‎ ‎11. (2011全国卷,34) William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .‎ A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。disappear消失,不复存在;fall降落,跌倒,降低;fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱;damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了,因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程,故选C。‎ ‎12.(2011全国卷II,10) Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.‎ ‎ A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“玛丽,我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind… of… 就…提醒(某人),使(某人)想起…;warn含有警告的意思。‎ ‎13.(2011天津卷,6)I a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.‎ A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后,我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。‎ ‎14.(2011江苏卷,28)——Are you still mad at her?‎ ‎——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.‎ A.deny B.refuse C.reject D.decline ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“——你还生她的气吗?——不见得,但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认,否定;refuse,reject ,decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。‎ ‎15.(2011福建卷,28)I’d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.‎ A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等), 推迟,留到以后,与后面的until相一致。‎ ‎16.(2011安徽卷,21)As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.‎ A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“随着故事的展开,这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”‎ develop开发, 发展,把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。‎ ‎17.(2011湖北卷,26)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking.‎ A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“如果我们想要获得成功,知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引,导演(戏剧或电影);指挥(管弦乐队);limit限制;change改变;improve改进,改善。根据句中but的转折,选B。‎ ‎18.(2011湖北卷,27)The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.”‎ A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult ‎20.(2011辽宁卷,22) What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're to be asleep. ,‎ A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。句意为“Tom,你不睡觉做什么?你现在应该睡觉。”out of bed未上床,起床的意思,be supposed to do应当,应该。‎ ‎21.(2011四川卷,14)I often the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.‎ A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。”look up查(单词、电话号码等);look at看,注视(某人或某物);look for寻找;look into深入地检查,研究,调查。‎ ‎22.(2011陕西卷,25)Some insects________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. ‎ A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。take in吸收,欺骗;take off拿走, 取下,脱去(衣服等),起飞;take on承担,呈现,雇用;take out把…带出去,清除, 除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己,让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”‎ ‎23.(2011湖北卷,29) The government has taken measures to _________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.‎ A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down ‎25.(2011江西卷35)You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t ____ as you expect.‎ A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查短语动词的辨析。run out 耗尽;break out 打破;work out 算出,实现;put out 扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。‎
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