2015高考英语（unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars）一轮复习题

2015高考英语（unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars）一轮复习题

Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars Ⅰ.语法单句填空 ‎1．________existed a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.‎ 答案： There　句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...有；存在；相当于There be...结构。‎ ‎2．The transformation of our city will make ________ possible for people here to have a comfortable environment.‎ 答案：it　句意：城市改造将使得这里的人们有一个舒适的环境。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为句后的不定式的复合结构。‎ ‎3．The festival of this year has been a great success, ________(like) the year before when it rained nonstop.‎ 答案：unlike　句意：今年这个节日过得很成功，不像前年过节时，雨下个不停。unlike意为“不同；不像”，符合题意。like“相像的；类似的”。‎ ‎4．The actor said ________ he'd accept the role in the play depended on the plot of it.‎ 答案：whether　由depended on the plot of it可知，此处应为“是否”之意，应用if或whether，而主语从句置于句首时只能用whether。‎ ‎5．When the fire broke ________， many people were shopping in the supermarket.‎ 答案：out　考查动词短语意义。句意：当火灾发生时，很多人正在超市里购物。break out“战争、火灾、疾病的突然发生”。‎ ‎6．While crossing the street, please watch________ for the coming cars.‎ 答案：out　句意：过马路时，要留心来往的车辆。watch out“注意，当心”，与介词for连用；take care与be careful后面多与不定式连用。watch over“照看”，为及物动词短语。‎ ‎7．With the weather becoming hotter and hotter, we need curtains to block________ the sunshine.‎ 答案：out　句意：随着天气变得越来越热，我们需要窗帘来挡住阳光。block up“塞住”；block out“挡住(光线)”。‎ ‎8．People hope that measures will be taken to prevent house prices rising ________(rise)．‎ 答案：(from) rising　考查动词词义。句意：人们希望采取措施阻止房价上升。prevent...(from)．..“阻止……干……”，与句意相符。keep...from...“阻止……干……”，介词from不能省。‎ ‎9．Why not change your mind now ______ you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?‎ 答案：that　句意：既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎10．________ the universe began with the “big bang” has been widely accepted.‎ 答案：That　句意：宇宙开始于“大爆炸”已被广泛接受。从句中意义完整，只需要引导词，故选that来引导主语从句。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2013·乌鲁木齐高三三诊)‎ Alaskan black bears hibernate for up to seven months a year, during which time they do not eat or drink, before waking up in virtually the same physical state they fell asleep in.‎ Now experts hope to develop methods of putting humans into a similar state which could help astronauts survive long missions and lead to new ways of treating severely ill patients.‎ While many studies have examined hibernation in mice and hedgehogs, little research has been done into the same condition in larger mammals such as bears.‎ But new research conducted at the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University‎ of ‎Alaska monitored the animals' body temperature, heart rate and muscle movements while they slept.‎ The research results showed that during a fivemonth hibernation the bears' body temperatures varied between ‎30℃‎ and ‎36℃‎ in cycles that lasted between two and seven days—a pattern that was previously unknown in hibernating animals.‎ The research project leader said，“If our research could help by showing how to reduce metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and oxygen demands in human tissues, one could possibly save severely ill patients. We simply need to know how to turn things on and off to take advantage of the different levels of hibernations.”‎ Craig Heller, of Stanford University, who contributed to the study, added, “There has always been a thought that, if there is ever longdistance space travel, it would be good to be able to put people into a state of lower metabolism or a state of hibernation. That's almost science fiction but you can see the logical basis.”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了专家希望将阿拉斯加黑熊冬眠的方法运用到人类身上来帮助宇航员延长在太空的使命以及治疗重症病人。‎ ‎1．We know from the text that ________.‎ A．during winter Alaskan black bears sleep for more than half a year B．researchers have examined hibernation in humans C．experts have got no results from their research D．Craig Heller is a leader from the ‎Institute‎ of ‎Arctic Biology 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Alaskan black bears hibernate for up to seven months a year”可知，应选A。‎ ‎2．The best topic of the text should be ________.‎ A．The Latest Research Results B．New Methods of Putting Humans into Hibernation C．Alaskan Black Bears Hibernate D．Astronauts Could Hibernate Like Bears 答案：D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍专家希望将阿拉斯加黑熊冬眠的方法运用到人类身上，来帮助宇航员延长在太空的使命以及治疗重症病人。故选D。‎ ‎3．According to the text, we can infer that ________.‎ A．many studies have examined hibernation in mice and bears as well B．humans' body temperatures vary between ‎30℃‎ and ‎36℃‎ while they sleep C．research into hibernation in animals may help deadly patients stay longer D．scientists have already taken advantage of the different levels of hibernation space missions 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... lead to new ways of treating severely ill patients.”可推知，应选C。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 ‎(2013·贵州省六校联盟第一次联考)‎ A greeting is a friendly expression or gesture used when meeting or welcoming someone. Greetings usually happen before a conversation and sometimes accompanied by some greeting behaviors such as a small kiss or a hug and handshake. Though the time to greet someone is short, __1__. Just as the Chinese saying goes “A kind word could warm one for three winters, a bad attitude would make one cold even in hot summer.”‎ The following are some greetings in different countries.‎ ‎1．America: Firm handshakes should last 35 seconds. __2__. When greeting multiple people, make eye contact with the person whose hand you are taking, and then go on to the next. They are not used to standing too closely. ‎ ‎2．United Kingdom: A handshake is the most common form of greeting for both men and women. When people are already familiar, verbal greetings are used. Personal space is important and people can feel uncomfortable if someone stands too close to them. __3__.‎ ‎3．Australia: A handshake is the preferred greeting. When speaking to an Australian, keep an arm's length distance from the person. __4__， and eye contact should be maintained as well.‎ ‎4．Canada: A handshake is traditional. Men usually wait for women to offer theirs. Direct, but not too intense eye contact is acceptable, especially to convey sincerity. The standard distance between two people should be two feet. __5__.‎ A．Touching is generally avoided B．people still greet each other with a “hello” ‎ C．French Canadians, however, may stand slightly closer D．its influence is long and profound E．When people already know each other well, they needn't greet F．Good eye contact shows interest, sincerity and confidence G．Maintaining personal space is important in this culture 答案：1－5　DFAGC Ⅳ.短文改错 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A：So what do you think was the best part?‎ B：The part where I said “I do”， of course.‎ A：Haha, I knew you would say that.‎ B：Actually, I really like__1__when your parents give their speeches. I have never really seen them__2__(express) any emotion before, __3__ their words almost made me cry, especially your Dad's.‎ A：Well, it was a really special day for them. They think you and your parents are just great, and__4__makes the celebration that much better when you think about it as gaining a new family.‎ B：I couldn't agree more. And it was so __5__(amaze) to have all my friends ‎ together. I think everyone had__6__wonderful time.‎ A：The food turned__7__pretty decent, huh?‎ B：It surely did. You never know how these things will go with so many people__8__(feed), but I think everyone was pleased. The cake was a bit of disappointment，__9__.‎ A：Yeah, but nobody ever actually likes the cake. I mean, it's really only there to be used as face paint for the bride and groom!‎ B：Well, you surely got me good! And you know what? I had forgotten what a good dancer you are. It had been a long time since we cut a rug together. I think that was when everything__10__(true)sank in－that you were going to be Mrs Kyle Daniels forever.‎ A：Um, you mean that you were going to be Mr. Sally Washington forever...‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．it　2.express　3.but　4.it　5.amazing　6.a　7.out ‎8．to feed　9.though　10.truly Ⅴ.短文改错 ‎(2013·昆明市高三摸底调测)‎ I went a small village, which is in Dabie Mountain‎, ‎Anhui Province, as a volunteer teacher last vacations. Besides teaching, I visited some local families to know no more about their lives. The friendly people as well as the blue sky, fresh air and small clear streams run across the beautiful mountains real left me an unforgettable experience. That impressed me most were the diligent students listening attentively with eager eyes in class. Even now not only their reading aloud with passion can often be heard in my ears but also their lovely smiling faces often appeared before me. They have made several friends there because I wish I could go back there soon.‎ 答案：‎ I went a small village, which is in Dabie Mountain‎, ‎Anhui Province, as a volunteer teacher last . Besides teaching, I visited some local families to know more about their lives. The friendly people as well as the blue sky, fresh air and small clear streams across the beautiful mountains left me an unforgettable experience. impressed me most the diligent students listening attentively with eager eyes in class. Even now not only their reading aloud with passion can often be heard in my ears but also their lovely smiling faces often before me. have made several friends there I wish I could go back there soon.‎ Ⅵ.书面表达 ‎(2014·安徽省六校教育研究会2月联考)‎ 手机和我们的生活越来越密切，让我们的联系变得更加方便，可有人认为手机并不利于真正的交流。校报英文版正在开展征文活动，发起对这一话题的讨论，你认为手机对人与人之间沟通的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利？请你以“Mobile phones, good or bad for communication？”为题写篇短文向校报投稿，表达你的看法。‎ 注意：1. 词数120左右；2. 短文题目已拟好，不计入总词数；3. 文中不可出现与本人相关的信息。‎ Mobile phones, good or bad for communication?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ One possible version Mobile phones, good or bad for communication?‎ The technology of mobile phones has made many things easier for people. Someone can reach us or we can call someone wherever we are. However, people are unaware of the negative effects of mobile phones on communication.‎ Due to the convenience of mobile phones, many people have started to engage in social interaction in person less than before. In addition, mobile phone communication lacks facial expressions and body language, without which communication becomes less personal. Consequently, some people get confused and nervous while talking to a person face to face because they mostly talk to people on mobile phones. They even do not know the manners of communication. ‎ As far as I am concerned, we should use mobile phones in a wise way and try to avoid depending too much on them.‎