高考英语一轮复习学案专题9情态动词与虚拟语气

高考英语一轮复习学案专题9情态动词与虚拟语气

‎2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题9： 情态动词与虚拟语气 一、情态动词 ‎ 情态动词只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。‎ ‎   1.       情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式。其它如must, ought to 等的过去式皆与现在式同形。‎ 2. 大多数情态动词有多个意义。如can可表“能够”“可能”“允许”等。‎ ‎3.       在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形，构成谓语动语。‎ ‎ 4.       情态动词有can，could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, must, need, dare, used to 共十三种形式，不同的情态动词所表示的意义并不是相互排斥的，同一个意义常常可以由几个不同的情态动词以相同或不同的程度表示出来。另一方面，同一个情态动词在同一个句子中可能表示不同的意义，在没有上下文的情况下，句子可能出现歧义。如：He can’t come.他不能来。句中can’t既可能表示说话人不允许，又可能表示主语无能力。情态动词在表示多种意义的同时，相互之间既有联系，又有区别，前十个情态动词的联系大体围绕着两个方面：一是行为的自由（包括能力、允许和义务），二是推测。它们之间的区别则体现在行为自由程度（degrees of freedom to act）的大小，和推测把握性的大小。在这两个方面，最小和最大的都是might和must，如：You might do it for me, please. 请你为我做这件事。（近似请求的命令）‎ You must do it for me. 你必须为我做这件事。（不容违抗的命令）‎ That might be Tom. 那或许是汤姆。（把握性最小）‎ That must be Tom. 那肯定是汤姆。（抉择性最大）‎ ‎（1）Can / could的用法 ‎1．  1． 表能够。‎ can 是现在式，多用于指现在或将来。如：‎ He can speak English. 他能说英语。‎ Can you speak German? 会说德语吗？‎ Could是过去式，多用于指过去。如：‎ I said that I could go.我说我能去。‎ 但could亦可用于指现在，表虚拟语气，或作为can的委婉形式。如：‎ If I could go, I should be glad.假如我能去，那我就会很高兴。（表虚拟语气）‎ Could I help you? 我能帮你干点什么？（比Can I help you？委婉）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．表可能。如：‎ The moon can not always be at the full.‎ ‎ Can 表可能时可指现在或将来。如：‎ What can he mean? 他可能是什么意思呢？（疑问句）。‎ 表可能时，could可指过去。如：‎ He said he couldn’t agree more. ‎ Could与完成式连用，则指过去未实现的动作。如：‎ It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. 如果天不那么黑，你可能从这儿望见它的。‎ ‎3．表允许。如：‎ You can borrow my bike tomorrow. 明天你可以借用我的自行车。‎ Could指现在时，仅用于疑问句表更委婉的要求。如：‎ Could I request an interview? 我可以要求面试吗？‎ 表允许和推测时，只是could语气较为委婉，含义较不确定。如：‎ Can I use your pen? 我可以借用你的笔吗？（表允许）；‎ Could I use your pen? （较为委婉）。‎ ‎（2）have (to)与have got （to）的用法 have可做实义动词和助动词，在做实义动词时，have表示拥有时，可与have got连用。例如：‎ We have got a new car. ‎ have在表示动作和经历时，不能和got连用。例如：‎ I have breakfast.‎ Have作助动词时，与过去分词，现在分词构成完成时态和完成进行时态，此时亦不能和got连用。‎ Have 还可做为使役动词。例如：‎ I now have the problem solved.‎ Have to 是情态动词，是必须、不得不的意思，在肯定句中可与got连用。例如：‎ I’ve got to get to a business meeting.‎ 但在借助助动词do，构成疑问句和否定句中，就不能在不定式符号前got。Did you have to do it tomorrow？‎ 二、虚拟语气 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的。因此，掌握虚拟语气所使用的各种谓语动词形式变化是掌握虚拟语气的关键。‎ 虚拟语气的基本形式共有七种：‎ ‎1）  1） 动词原形，用于一切人称和数。如：‎ If that be so, we shall take action at once. 如果情况是那样，我们就立刻采取行动。‎ May you succeed! 祝您成功！‎ ‎2）  2） 动词的过去式，用于一切人称和数，be的过去式用were，如：‎ If I were in your shoes, I’d accept the terms. 假若我处在你的地位，我就会接受这些条件。‎ ‎3）  3） had+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。如：‎ If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train. ‎ ‎4）  4） 助动词should+动词原形，用于一切人称和数。如：‎ They suggested that we should meet at the station.他们建议我们在车站会面。‎ ‎5）  5） 助动词should + have+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。‎ It is strange that she should have done it. ‎ ‎6）  6） 助动词should（第一人称）和would（第二、三人称）+ 动词原形。如：‎ If I were you, I should take his advice.我如是你，就会听他的忠告。（美国英语常用would代替should）。‎ ‎7）  7） 助动词should（第一人称）和would（第二、三人称）+ have + 过去分词。如：‎ If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t have come.‎ 三、虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法：‎ 所指时间为现在时，从句用一般过去时（be用were），主句用should/would be 型；所指时间为过去时，从句用had been 型，主句用should/would have been 型；所指时间为将来时，从句用should be 或were型，主句用should/would be 型，例如：‎ If he had time, he would/could/might go with you. （对现在情况的虚拟）如果他有时间，他就会/能和你去。‎ If I had had the money last year, I should/would/could/might have bought a house. （对过去情况的虚拟）如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就会/可能买一所房子了。‎ If there should be/were/were to be something wrong, they would/could/might let you know at once. （对将来情况的虚拟）如果出了什么事，他们会/可能马上告诉你。‎ ‎ ‎ 如果条件从句中有were, had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装，如：Were I you (=If I were you)，I would not do it.我要是你，我就不做这事。Were I to meet him tomorrow (=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我会问他这件事的。Had he been more careful（=If he had been more careful），such mistakes could have been avoided. 如果他细心一些，这种错误本来是可以避免的。‎ ‎ ‎ 四、在主语从句中的用法 虚拟语气常用在以It is/was 开头的复合句的主语从句中，表示命令、要求、建议等，谓语动词为should be型或be型虚拟形式，在美国英语中常用be型，如：It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。‎ 常用于主句中的形容词和过去分词有：advisable, appropriate, best, better, compulsory, crucial, desirable, fitting, imperative, important, obligatory, preferable, proper, decided, ordered, recommended, requested, required等。‎ ‎ ‎ 五、在宾语从句中的用法 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法主要有三种情况：‎ ‎1．     1．    在某些动词后的宾语从句中，表示命令、要求、建议，形式为should be 型或be型，在美国英语中常用be型，如：‎ He insisted that his daughter (should) come. 他坚持要他女儿来。‎ He ordered that the letter (should) be mailed at once. 他吩咐马上把这封信寄出。‎ 常用于主句的谓语动词有：ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge等。‎ ‎2．     2．    在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语的宾语从句中，表示要求、建议等。‎ I think it advisable that be (should) have his car serviced. 我觉得他请人检修一下汽车是明智的。‎ We consider it imperative that a meeting(should) be held immediately. 我们认为必须马上开个会。‎ ‎3．     3．    在动词wish后的宾语从句中：表示与现在或过去的事实相反、或对于将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。‎ ‎1）                1） 表示对现在情况的虚拟：用were型虚拟形式，如：I wish I knew his address.‎ ‎2）                2） 表示对过去情况的虚拟：通常用had been 型虚拟形式，如：I wish/wished I hadn’t spent so much money.‎ ‎3）                3） 表示对于将来的主观愿望：谓语形式为would+不带to的不定式。I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停下来。‎ 有不少情态动词也可用于虚拟语气。‎ It might help a little if only you would keep clean.‎ If my parents couldn’t accept him, I would elope with him.‎ 考点解析 情态动词的解题技巧：‎ ‎(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。‎ ‎(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。‎ ‎(3) 要注意把握时间概念。‎ 情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：‎ Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.‎ ‎ A. can manage B. could have managed ‎ C. could manage D. can have managed 根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。‎ 情态动词用法归类与高考试题分析：‎ ‎（一）表示推测的情态动词 对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing…；对过去的推测，用情态动词+have done / been…；表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为 must, should / ought to, may, might, could；否定推测，常用can’t / couldn’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定，may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。 ‎ ‎(1) must表示推测，意为“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： ‎ ‎—She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.‎ ‎—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. ‎ A. should B. could C. must D. might ‎【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。【答案】C ‎(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。‎ 例如：—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?‎ ‎—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.‎ A. will B. would C. should D. must ‎ ‎【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。【答案】C ②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难C ‎(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。 ‎ ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometime.‎ ‎ A. must B. can C. should D. would ④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.‎ ‎ A. shall B. should C. can D. must ‎【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会……。‎ ‎【答案】① B ② A ③ B ④ C ‎ (4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如：‎ ① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.‎ ‎ A. will B. can C. must D. may ‎【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。【答案】Ｄ ② Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.‎ ‎ A. must B. may C. shall D. should ‎【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B ③—I can’t find my purse anywhere.‎ ‎ —You __ have lost it while shopping.‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. should D. would ‎【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A ‎（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词 对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：‎ ‎(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：‎ ‎—I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day.‎ ‎—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted ‎【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B ‎ (2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：‎ Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.‎ ‎ A. can manage B. could have managed ‎ C. could manage D. can have managed ‎【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B ‎(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：‎ ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.‎ ‎—Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself. ‎ ‎ A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done ‎ C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done ‎【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B ②The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. ‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C ‎(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：‎ He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.‎ ‎ A. had scored B. scored ‎ ‎ C. would score D. would have scored ‎【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D ‎(5) might have done表示“本来可能……”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：‎ ‎(NMET2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.‎ ‎ A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done ‎【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D ‎（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词 ‎1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：‎ ‎(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。 ‎ 例如： -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?‎ ‎--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important. ‎ ‎ A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. won't ‎ ‎【解析】Something big?此处意为：Must it be big?‎ ‎ 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。【答案】B (2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：‎ ‎(2008上海春)When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches ‎ A. wouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. daren't ‎【解析】当我年轻的时候，（家人）就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。【答案】C ‎(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：‎ ①—May I smoke here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. ‎ ‎ A. should   B. could   C. may   D. must ②John, look at the time. ________ you play the piano at such a late hour?‎ A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need ‎【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要”。【答案】① D ② A ‎2. should ‎(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：‎ ‎(NMET2008上海) According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. would D. should ‎【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D ‎(2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 If+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子： ‎ If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：‎ ‎________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.‎ ‎ A. Would you be B. Should you be ‎ ‎ C. Could you be D. Might you be ‎【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。答案B ‎(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：‎ You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady. ‎ ‎ A. might B. need C. should D. would ‎【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。答案C ‎3. shall ‎(1) shall用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如：‎ ①—What’s the name?‎ ‎—Khulaifi. _________ I spell it for you?‎ ‎ A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎(2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如：‎ ‎—Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.‎ ‎—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it .‎ ‎ A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】A ‎(3) shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如：‎ ①—What does the sign over there read?‎ ‎ —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”‎ ‎ A. will B. may C. shall D. must ‎【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C ‎ ‎4. can ‎(1) can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?‎ A. can B. must C. need D. may 【答案】A ‎(2) can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：‎ ‎—Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ______I go out and play with Tom for a while?‎ ‎—No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.‎ ‎ A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May　　　D. Won’t【答案】A ‎ (3) can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able ‎ to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如：‎ ① If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t        B. shouldn’t         C. can’t        D. might not ② (97) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. ‎ ‎ A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 【答案】C D ‎5. would ‎(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。‎ John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.‎ ‎ A. might B. should C. could D. would ‎【解析】根据promise可知此处是John向医生表明自己的意志。【答案】D ‎(2) would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如：‎ ① (上海)When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. ‎ ‎ A. would B. should C. had better D. might ② (安徽)In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________. ‎ ‎ A. that used to be B. it is used to ‎ ‎ C. it was used to D. it used to be 第一题would指过去习惯性的动作；第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。A D ‎ 五年高考 ‎ A组 2012年全国高考题组 ‎1.【2012浙江卷，19】Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.‎ A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had ‎【考点】虚拟语气中的情态动词 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。‎ ‎2.【2012江西卷,22】We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for ‎ dinner.‎ ‎ A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t ‎ ‎【答案】B　　‎ ‎【考点】考察情态动词的用法 ‎【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't绝不可能　‎ 本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。‎ ‎3.【[2012湖南,29】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. ‎ ‎ A. have had B. had had C. have D. had ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。‎ ‎【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 ‎ ‎4.【2012重庆卷,25】-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?‎ ‎ -Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.‎ ‎ A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would ‎【考点】情态动词用法 ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。‎ ‎5.【2012辽宁卷,24】 One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. ‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will ‎【考点】情态动词 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。‎ ‎6.【2012四川卷,19】I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.‎ A. must B. might C. can D. should ‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎ ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。‎ ‎7.【2012陕西卷,17】If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.‎ ‎ A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。‎ ‎8.【2012北京卷,33】 We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?‎ A. should face B. might face ‎ C. could have faced D. must have faced ‎【答案】 C。‎ ‎【考点】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。‎ ‎【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。‎ ‎9.【2012全国II,17】I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎【答案】A 【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。‎ ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组 ‎1.【2011浙江卷,11】——How’s your new babysitter?‎ ‎——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.‎ A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——你的新保姆怎么样？——找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustn‘t禁止；couldn’t不可能。根据句意选D。‎ ‎2.【2011北京卷,24】——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?‎ ‎——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.‎ A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。‎ ‎3.【2011天津卷,15】I sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.‎ A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。‎ ‎4.【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world. ‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止，不允许；won’t不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该。根据句意选B。‎ ‎5.【2011江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.‎ ‎——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.‎ A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。‎ ‎6.【2011福建卷,25】——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?‎ ‎——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .‎ A. will B. must C. may D. can ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？——恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。‎ ‎7. 【2010浙江卷】Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .‎ ‎ A．would have been saved B．had been saved ‎ ‎ C．will be saved D．was saved ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】本题考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【解析】根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。‎ ‎8.【2010浙江卷】 “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”‎ A. need B. can C. must D. would ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词。‎ ‎【解析】肯定的猜测, 用must ‎9.【2009安徽卷】Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just ‎ be quiet people.‎ A. must B. may C. should D. would ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】有些人不喜欢讲话are not necessarily shy, 他们可能是安静的人, 表示 “可能”之意。‎ ‎10.【2009北京卷】One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.‎ A. need B. must C. should D. can ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】关于英语的话题中, 你绝对有把握谈论的极少几个话题之一, 就是很多时候都在谈论天气。‎ ‎11.【2008浙江卷】You be hungry already— you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C .mustn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为：你不可能饿了, 你两个小时之前才吃的午饭！can’t指不可能；mustn’t表猜测时, 不能用于否定句；Needn’t指没有必要。‎ ‎12.【2008福建卷】It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.‎ A. must B. can C. should D. would ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】本题考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【解析】must必然, 一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将, 总会。本题提供的语境是 “有时可能会……”。‎ ‎ 三年模拟 A组 2012年全国模拟题组 ‎1.（浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟，10） Sometimes smiles around the world ‎ ‎________ be false , hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.‎ A. must B. can C. should D. would ‎2.（浙江省部分重点中学2012届高三下学期2月联考，7）‎ ‎—Have you ever visited the Opera House?‎ ‎—Yes．When I was in Sydney, I ________it twice．‎ A．have visited B．visited C．had visited D．would visit ‎3.（ 浙江省慈溪中学2012届高三10月月考，11）We would have arrived sooner except that we _________ a flat tyre.‎ ‎ A. would have B. have C. will have D. had ‎ ‎4.（浙江省岱山县大衢中学2012届高三12月月考,4）He is a poorly learned man, but he acts as if he ______.‎ ‎ A. is B. were C. should be D. seems like ‎5.（浙江省奉化市第二中学2012届高三上学期第三次月考，5）Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today? I_____ all the way here through the heavy snow. ‎ A. needn't have driven B. can't have driven C. mustn't have driven D. shouldn't have driven ‎ ‎6.（浙江省奉化市第二中学2012届高三下学期第一次月考，28） A survey has shown that 40% of those killed in traffic accidents _________ if they had been wearing seat belts.‎ A. should have been saved B. must have been saved ‎ C. need have been saved D. could have been saved ‎7.（浙江省杭州十四中2012届高三2月月考，4）‎ ‎---How did you find the long talk given by the headmaster on Teachers’ Day?‎ ‎ --- . I’d rather he it short.‎ ‎ A. Very well; made B. Boring; had made C. Dull; made D. Exciting; had made ‎8.（浙江省杭州市2012届高三第一次高考教学质量检测，18）The Tompsons, having been married for fifty years, have a walk hand in hand every evening in the park, which was a very admirable sight.‎ ‎ A．could B．would C．might D．should ‎9.（ 浙江省宁波市鄞州区2012届高三高考适应性考试（3月），12）‎ ‎--I had to take a taxi home yesterday because my car broke down. ‎ ‎--You ____. I was not using it. ‎ ‎ A. could have borrowed mine. B. couldn’t have borrowed mine. ‎ ‎ C. must have borrowed mine D. shouldn’t have borrowed mine ‎10.(浙江省宁波四中2012届高三上学期期末考试题，4）In recent years, India and China ______ a growing middle class.‎ ‎ A. saw B. would see C. had seen D. have seen ‎ ‎11.(浙江省衢州二中2012届高三下学期第一次综合练习,13)The company is quite honest and guarantees the new product ______ under warranty for three years.‎ A. should be B. shall be C. will be D. can be ‎12. (浙江省任岩松中学2012届高三期初五校联考,15)‎ ‎---Jenny took the 9:10 bus to Hangzhou this morning. ---Really? He ________ the 9:00 Express. It is much more comfortable and faster to travel by train.‎ A. could have taken  B. need have taken  ‎ C. must have taken  D. would have taken ‎ B组 2010-2011年全国模拟题组 ‎1.(浙江省2011年尔雅高考新课标第三次模拟预测考试英语试题（A）,16)I was really anxious about you. You ______ hospital without telling the nurse.‎ A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left ‎ C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave ‎2.（浙江省元济高级中学2011届高三高考全真压轴考试英语试题，7）I __________the poor rabbit, but I didn’t have the right drugs with me at that moment.‎ A. could have saved B. had saved C. could save D. saved ‎3.( 浙江省文成中学2011届高三第八次模拟,10)‎ ‎—If he would not have swum there.‎ ‎—Luckily he was seen in time and sent to hospital immediately.‎ ‎ A．was warned B．had been warned ‎ C．would be warned D．would have been warned ‎4.（浙江省温州中学2011届高三下学期3月月考，8）Often, when he something that ‎ ‎ him, he wasted his time dozing.‎ ‎ A. should be doing, gave B. should have been doing, was given ‎ C. should do, was given D. should have been doing, had given ‎5.（台州中学2010-2011学年第二学期第四次模拟试题，17）‎ ‎---Is the book Lock And Key in the library?‎ ‎---_______. The school has just bought many new books.‎ A. Shall be B. Would be C. Might be D. Should be ‎ ‎6.（浙江省开化中学2011届高三高考冲刺热身卷，16） One of the few things you _ __ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.‎ A. need B. must C. can D. should ‎7.（浙江省东阳中学2010届高三上学期期中考试，7）‎ ‎---Can I keep the book any longer?‎ ‎---Yes, but it ________ be renewed when time is due.‎ A. need B. shall C. will D. can ‎8.（浙江省慈溪中学2010届高三期中考试,3） It’s terrible that the car ________ break down just as we were going on our holidays.‎ ‎ A. could B. would C. might D. should ‎9.（菱湖中学2009学年第一学期高三英语期中考试试卷,23）Mary insisted that her advice ______ correct and that it ____ taken right away.‎ ‎ A. was; be B. was; must be C. be; should be D. be; would be ‎10.（浙江省宁波四中2010届高三上学期期中考试，7）We ______ keep a cool head on over-heating development, for it _____ have negative influence upon national economy.‎ ‎ A. should; must B. must; would C. might; could D. must; may