高考英语非谓语动词总结改错

高考英语非谓语动词总结改错

扶弱资料（六）‎ 非 谓 语 动 词 所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。‎ 一、动词不定式: ‎ 动词不定式（时态与语态）：‎ 主 动 式 ‎ 被 动 式 一般式 ‎ to do ‎ to be done 完成式 ‎ to have done ‎ to have been done 进行式 ‎ to be doing ‎1. 作主语:‎ To say something is one thing, to do it is another.‎ ‎2. 作表语: My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.‎ ‎3. 作宾语: He decided to buy a computer. ‎ ‎4. 作宾语补足语: Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.‎ ‎[注]：在let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybody___________(laugh). ‎ 但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.‎ 如: We are made ________________(write) a composition every week by the teacher. ‎ ‎5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend. ‎ ‎[注]：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语 He was the first man _____________ (get) to school this morning.‎ ‎6. 不定式作状语: To see what would happen, we stayed there. ‎ 二、分词 （ 现在分词 和 过去分词 ）‎ ‎（一）V-ing 形式（时态与语态）：‎ 主 动 式 被 动 式 一般式 ‎ doing ‎ being done 完成式 ‎ having done ‎ having been done ‎1.___________ (be) poor, he couldn’t go to school.‎ ‎2.We are interested in _____________ ( play) chess.‎ ‎3.The question _____________________ (discuss) now is important.‎ ‎4.The boy was afraid of ____________________ (leave) alone at home.‎ ‎5.____________________ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.‎ 注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前 ‎（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）‎ 规则的：V-ed ； 不规则的（记不规则动词表）‎ ‎ 1. The boy went home with his homework _______________ (finish).‎ ‎ 2. ___________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. ‎ 现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：‎ 现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）‎ 过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花）‎ ‎1. 作表语: The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at the news.‎ ‎2. 作定语: Don’t disturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.‎ ‎3. 作宾补: He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The work left everyone exhausted.‎ ‎[注]： 有些动词如see, hear, feel, notice, watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程 I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看见孩子在爬墙。‎ I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看见孩子爬墙了。‎ ‎4. 作状语: They stood there waiting for the bus Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.‎ Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.‎ Compare: ‎ 1. ‎_______________ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs ‎ ‎2. ________________ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. ‎ 三、 动名词 （V-ing） ‎ ‎1.作主语和表语 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如： ‎ Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps.‎ ‎[注]：在 “It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语 “it”‎ It is no use quarreling with her. / Is it worthwhile trying again?‎ 2. 作宾语 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，‎ 则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：‎ ‎ We don't allow_______________ (smoke) here． ‎ ‎ We don't allow anybody ________________ (smoke) here ‎3. 作介词宾语 Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?‎ Children are fond of reading detective stories.‎ ‎[注]某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词 He is busy (in) preparing a report. ‎ They spent a lot of time (in) making preparation.‎ We had great difficulty / trouble (in) finding his house. ‎ 非 谓 语 动 词 需要注意的几个问题:‎ ‎（一）、不定式的逻辑主语 一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：‎ It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. I found it impossible _____ him to do the job alone.‎ 但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid, wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：‎ It was wise of him to do that. It was very brave ________ him to catch the thief.‎ ‎（二）、 不定式的主动式还是被动式 作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式 I have a meeting to attend. The teacher gave John a book to read,‎ 若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态： Here are the clothes to be washed ‎（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大 如；a) remember to do （记住要做某事）, remember doing（记得曾做过某事）‎ b) forget to do （忘记要做某事）, forget doing （忘记曾做过某事）‎ c) regret to do （因要做某事感到不安）, regret doing（因做了某事感到后悔）‎ ‎（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有：‎ interesting令人感兴趣的 --interested感到有趣的； exciting令人激动的 --excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的 --delighted感到高兴的； disappointing令人失望的 --disappointed感到失望的 ‎（五）、admit, advise, avoid, can't help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。‎ The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.‎ ‎（六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote … to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。‎ ‎(1) I'm looking forward to seeing you again.‎ ‎(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.‎ ‎（七）、主动形式表示被动意义 ① 动词want, need, require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) fixing. ‎ ‎ = The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) to be fixed.‎ ‎ ②形容词worth后接的v -ing的主动形式。例：The film is worth seeing.‎ ‎ ③某些作表语的形容词（如easy, difficult, hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。例：‎ ‎ This question is easy to answer.（＝To answer this question is easy.）‎ 语法填空 --- 高考真题回顾 ‎（一）、全国卷：‎ 真题再练： 在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015卷I·68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. ‎ ‎2.(2015卷I·70) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎3.(2015卷II·61) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) ______ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by…‎ ‎4.(2015卷II·64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ______ (use) electric equipment.‎ ‎5.(2015卷II·66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day. ‎ ‎6.(2014卷I·65) But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work _________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. ‎ ‎7.(2014卷I·68) While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. ‎ ‎8.(2014卷II·41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ______ (be) late for school. ‎ ‎9.(2014卷II·43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ______________ (disappoint).‎ ‎10.(2014卷II·46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _________(stop) until we reached the next stop. ‎ 语法填空 --- 强 化 训 练 ‎ 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：‎ 1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ___________ (think) that all children like these things. 　　(05全国二)‎ 2. ‎___________ (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.　 （05北京春招）　‎ 3. I couldn't do my homework with all that noise ________________ (go ) on.　（05北京）　‎ ‎4. With everything he needed ________________ (buy), he left the supermarket.‎ ‎5. With too much work ______________( do ), I can’t go out with you.‎ ‎6. The building ________________ (build) now will be a restaurant.‎ ‎7. The building _________________ (build) next year will be a restaurant.‎ ‎8. The building _______________ (build) last year is a restaurant.‎ ‎9. Don't sit there____________ (do) nothing. Come and help me with this table.‎ ‎10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to __________ (receive) in time for Christmas.‎ ‎11. Lessons ___________________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.‎ ‎12. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ________________ (collect) coins also gives him great pleasure.‎ ‎13. Eugene is never willing to change his mind. It's no use _____________ (argue) with him.‎ ‎14. He was the only foreigner _________________( get ) such an honor yesterday.‎ ‎15. I can't stand __________(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____________ (stop) talking while she works.‎ 短文错误 --- 高考真题回顾 ‎1. (2015新课标卷II) After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that ……‎ ‎2. (2013新课标卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. ‎ ‎3.(2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.‎ 短文错误--- 强 化 训 练 ‎（1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. （全国卷）‎ ‎（2） David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. （全国卷）‎ ‎（3） I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. （全国卷）‎ ‎（4） Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. （全国卷）‎ ‎（5） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. （全国卷）‎ ‎（6） The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. ‎ ‎（7） …you pay the cost of send a postcard， the librarian will write to you. （全国卷）‎ ‎（8） …and let you to know when the book you want has returned（全国卷）‎ ‎（9） I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. （全国卷）‎ ‎（10） I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. （全国卷）‎ ‎（11） It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.（全国卷）‎ ‎（12） I look forward to hear from you soon. （全国卷）‎ ‎（13） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of …. （全国卷）‎ ‎（14） I was often a little tired after a day‘s work and watch TV demands very little effort. （全国卷）‎ ‎（15） I‘d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. （北京春季卷）‎ ‎（16） I‘ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. （北京春季卷）‎ 高中英语辅导---基础篇 参 考 答 案 一、动词不定式: 4. 如，laugh 如，to write 5. to get ‎ ‎ 二、分词 ‎ ‎ （一）V-ing 形式 1. Being poor 2. playing 3. being disscussed 4. being left 5. Having worked ‎ ‎（二）过去分词 finished Seen ‎ ‎4. 作状语 1. Following 2. Followed 三、 动名词 2. smoking; to smoke 需要注意的几个问题:‎ ‎（一）、不定式的逻辑主语 for 语法填空 --- 高考真题回顾 ‎（一）、全国卷：1. conducted 2. living 3. built 4. using 5. to cool ‎ ‎6. to reduce 7. amazing 8. being 9. disappointed 10. to stop ‎ 语法填空 --- 强 化 训 练 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎1. thinking 2. Faced 3. going 4. bought 5. to do ‎ ‎6. being built 7. to be built 8. built 9. doing 10. be received 11. learnt / learned ‎ ‎12. collecting 13. arguing 14. to get 15. working ; ‎ ‎ ‎ 短文错误 --- 高考真题回顾 ‎1. 把looks改为 looking 2. 把Have改为Having 3. 把to 去掉 ‎ 短文错误--- 强 化 训 练 ‎（1）（wanted 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式） （全国卷）‎ ‎（2）（leading 改为 lead，因为其前有助动词 would） （全国卷）‎ ‎（3）（stood 改为 stand，因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构） （全国卷）‎ ‎（4）（climbed 改为 climb / climbing，若将 as well as 视为连词，则将 climbed 改为 climb，因为它与其前的 do 并列；若将 as well as 视为介词，则 climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词） （全国卷）‎ ‎（5）（去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know， have 并列） （全国卷）‎ ‎（6）（improve前加to，to improve…为表目的的不定式短语） （全国卷）‎ ‎（7）（send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语） （全国卷）‎ ‎（8）（去掉 know 前的 to，因为其前有动词 let） （全国卷）‎ ‎（9）（have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语） （全国卷）‎ ‎（10）return前加 to，因为 want 后要接不定式） （全国卷）‎ ‎（11）（drove改为 drive，因为 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列，此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式） （全国卷）‎ ‎（12）（hear改为 hearing，因为其前的 to 是介词） （全国卷）‎ ‎（13）（第一个play改为 playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语） （全国卷）‎ ‎（14）（watch改为 watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语） （全国卷）‎ ‎（15）（come 前加 to，因为 would like 后接不定式） （北京春季卷）‎ ‎（16）（prepare 改为 preparing，因为它与其前的 reading 并列，与其前所用的动词 spend 有关）‎