语法填空二——语法复习高考英语百日突围系列

语法填空二——语法复习高考英语百日突围系列

‎ 语法填空（二）——语法复习 方法与知识 艺体生在进行了基础知识复习之后，把重点转到：1.熟悉高考题型；2.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；3.精选难度适中的训练题。‎ 动词的时态和语态.Com]‎ 命题规律 ‎ 时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的8种时态，弄清16种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。‎ 时态和语态高考常考点：‎ ‎（1）一般现在时考点分析： ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。‎ ‎（2）一般过去时的考点分析：①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常用用一般过去时。‎ ‎（3）一般将来时考点分析：①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall +‎ ‎ 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。‎ ‎（4）现在进行时考点分析：①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。‎ ‎（5）过去完成时考点分析：①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。‎ ‎（6）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。‎ ‎（7）过去进行时考点分析。①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。‎ ‎（8）现在完成时考点分析。①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句；This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时；This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时；This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时。③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。‎ ‎（9）被动语态考点分析：被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题：①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎【例1】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.‎ ‎【例2】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.‎ ‎【解析】is spent　money与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。‎ ‎【例3】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.‎ ‎【解析】found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。‎ ‎【例4】In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ‎ ____(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]‎ ‎【解析】was　考查动词时态。上文提到的事情是1969年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。‎ ‎【例5】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop . . . . . . A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention. 2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]‎ ‎【解析】caught　考查动词时态。根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop…”可知本文叙述的是一件过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。‎ ‎【例6】Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi ____(call) “shadow boxing” in English. 2014·辽宁卷]‎ ‎【解析】 is called 考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般现在时的被动：is called。‎ ‎【例7】 He walked in as if he ____ (buy) the school. 2012·广东卷] ‎ ‎【解析】had bought　考查虚拟语气及时态。在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。‎ ‎【例8】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he _______ (find)that he had run out of salt. 【2013·广东卷】‎ ‎【方法总结】规律方法5：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？.Com]‎ ‎(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。‎ ‎(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，‎ ‎(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。‎ 非谓语动词 命题规律 ‎ 非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。‎ 非谓语动词高考常考点：‎ ‎（1）非谓语动词的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been ‎ done 完成进行式 to have been ‎ doing 动词－ing 形式 一般式 doing.Com]‎ being done 完成式 having done having been ‎ done 过去分词 只有一种形式done ‎（2）非谓语动词作状语 ①不定式作状语：a.作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。b. 作结果状语，常用结构enough to，too...to...，only to等。c. 作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。d. 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语：a. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。b. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。‎ ③过去分词作状语：a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。b. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。‎ ④不定式与动词－ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语的比较：不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果；而动词－ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。‎ ⑤‎ 动词－ing形式(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较：作状语时，是用动词－ing形式(现在分词)还是过去分词，取决于该动词与主语之间的关系，若为意义上的主动关系，则用动词－ing形式(现在分词)；若为动宾关系，则用过去分词。‎ ‎（3）非谓语动词作定语 ‎①不定式作定语：a. 不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，一般要跟相应的介词。但是，如果不定式修饰的名词是time，place，way等，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。b. 若名词前有序数词、最高级或no，all，only等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。c. 用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability，chance，attempt，warning等。‎ ‎②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作定语：动词－ing形式(现在分词)作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作的主动和进行。‎ ‎③过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示动作的被动和完成。‎ ‎（4）非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语：‎ ‎①不定式作宾补：a. 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，encourage，cause等。b. 感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态，作主补的不定式需带to。常见的词有：一感觉：feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；四看：see，watch，notice，observe等。另外，help后作宾补的不定式符号to可有可无。c. 下列结构中用不定式作主补，例如be said/reported/believed/considered to等。‎ ‎②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作宾补：动词－ing形式(现在分词)作宾补时强调宾语发出的动作正在进行。常见带有这种复合宾语的动词有：六让：make，let，have，get，keep，leave；三看：look at，see，watch；两听：listen to，hear；一注意：notice；一发现：find；一感觉：feel等。‎ ③过去分词作宾补：过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有逻辑上的被动关系，且表示完成。‎ ‎（5）非谓语动词作宾语：‎ ‎①有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的有agree，afford，decide，determine，expect，hope，manage，refuse，offer，pretend，wish，promise等。‎ ‎②有些动词或短语只能跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，常见的有admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，escape，excuse，imagine，mind，miss(错过)，risk，suggest, be used to(习惯于)，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote to，stick to，object to，get down to等。‎ ③有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，意义区别不大，但表示经常性的动作常用动词－ing形式(动名词)，表示具体的动作常用不定式，常见的有begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer等。‎ ④有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但意义有着明显的区别，常见的有：forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)；remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)；remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)；try to do sth. 尽力去做某事；try doing sth. 试着做某事；regret to do sth. 对即将做的事感到遗憾(未做)；regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)；stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事(此处不定式作状语)；doing sth. 停止做某事；mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事；can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事；can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 ⑤动词need，want，require后跟doing作宾语时，主动形式表示被动含义，另外be worth doing也是主动表示被动。‎ ⑥介词后一般跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do则不带to，反之则带to。‎ ⑦动词如find，feel，expect，think，consider，make等词后接不定式作宾语，宾语后跟形容词或名词作宾补，此时要用it作形式宾语。‎ ⑧某些动词跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但需跟不定式作宾补，常见的有allow，permit，forbid，advise，consider等。‎ ‎（6）非谓语动词作主语和表语：‎ ①不定式与动词－ing形式(动名词)作主语和表语的区别：不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动词－ing形式(动名词)表示抽象的、泛指的动作。作主语时常用it作形式主语而把不定式或动词－ing形式(动名词)置后。‎ ②过去分词与动词－ing形式(现在分词)作表语的区别：两者作表语时基本都是已经形容词化的动词－ing形式(动名词)或过去分词，此时表示“令人……的”用动词－ing形式(现在分词)；表示“感到……的”用过去分词。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎【例1】It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns (scare) the animals away if they come too near.‎ ‎【答案】to scare ‎ ‎【例2】H The next day, a man named Zhi Sou saw them working and tried to stop them, ______ (say), “You are silly!...”‎ ‎【答案】saying ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词做状语, 表示主动。‎ ‎【例3】Later, ______ (move) by Yu Gong, the God of the Heavens ordered another god to take the two big mountains away.‎ ‎【答案】moved， ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。过去分词做状语，表示被动。‎ ‎【例4】But she is thinking of (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．‎ ‎【答案】switching ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。think of后面跟动名词，作宾语。‎ ‎【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？‎ ‎(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。‎ ‎(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。‎ 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点： ‎ ‎1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词； ‎ ‎2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。‎ ‎(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序 非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。‎ 冠词 命题规律 ‎ 1. 抽象名词属于不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词；但用来表示具体的人或事时，其前用不定冠词。‎ ‎2. 比较级和最高级前冠词的选择 ‎ “a/an＋比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”，属于泛指；“the＋比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the＋最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”；“a most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”。‎ ‎3. 冠词的固定搭配。‎ 冠词的考点归纳：‎ ‎(1)定冠词的常考必备：①定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“这 / 那个”之意，但语气较弱，可以和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物。②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到，但听话者一定知其所指。③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only，very，same之前。④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等。⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前等等。‎ ‎(2) 不定冠词的常考必备：①表示数量“一”，与one相近。②用在首次提到的人或物之前，表泛指。③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，一场，一种……”，也可以表示引起某种情绪的事，即抽象名词具体化使用。④用于be of a（an）+ n.结构中，表示“相同……的”。⑤ 用于so / as / too / how + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。⑥不定冠词a或an用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”之意，”相当于every或one，但概念上没它们那么强烈。‎ ‎(3) 零冠词的常考必备：①称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，其前一般不加冠词。②在as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。③专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前， 一般不加冠词。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎【例1】After the new students are accepted, many colleges and universities offer instruction program for them.‎ ‎【答案】an ‎【解析】考查不定冠词。instruction program在文中第一次出现，以元音音素开头，故判断填an。‎ ‎【例2】Actually, many of the teachers can’t give students efficient way to deal with reading.‎ ‎【答案】an ‎【例3】So generation after generation, there is no end to ______ number of people who can do their part.‎ ‎【答案】the ‎【解析】考查定冠词。the number of ……的数量，固定短语；‎ ‎【例4】This is how the dog lost the game. He had come to _ ____ right place at the very beginning but failed to find the bone because he only complained and didn't try at all.‎ ‎【答案】the ‎【解析】考查定冠词。place 可数名词单数形式，前无限定词，考虑填冠词。此为特指，因此填the。‎ ‎【方法总结】1： 如何判断空格处应填冠词？‎ 下列情况很可能填不定冠词：‎ ‎(1)________+可数名词(单数)；‎ ‎(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。‎ 下列情况下很可能填定冠词：‎ ‎(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；‎ ‎(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；‎ ‎(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。‎ 情态动词和虚拟语气 命题规律 情态动词和虚拟语气考点，是英语高考中的必考点。在高考中主要考查点有：情态动词的基本用法、情态动词表推测的用法、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法、虚拟条件句的用法、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法、时间错综的虚拟条件句等。‎ 情态动词和虚拟语气高考常考点：‎ 情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独考查,也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1、考查情态动词的基本用法。如：can和could的用法及区别；will和would的用法及区别；must的用法；shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法；need的用法等。‎ ‎2、考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：（1）注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn’t；语气较弱may，might或can，could；（2）注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句，疑问句中常用can，could；（3）注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词+ 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词+进行体”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词+完成体”结构。‎ ‎3、考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：‎ ‎（1）cannot ／can't 与too／over（‐)／enough ／perfectly ／sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越…越…”“无论怎样…　…也不为过”、“决不会…　…够(过)”。 （2）cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”，。‎ ‎（3）would 和used to的区别；can 和be able to的区别。‎ ‎（4）“may / might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/ might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是…的好”。 ‎ ‎（5）must表示偏执型，意为“偏要”；“硬要”；can用在肯定句，可以表示客观上的“可能性”；shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，译为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will 可以表示习惯和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”等。‎ ‎4、考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise, without等。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎【例1】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______(do) it?‎ ‎【答案】had done ‎【解析】题意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。‎ ‎【例2】If Mr. Dewey _____(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to ‎ the people there.‎ ‎【答案】had been ‎【方法总结】考查情态动词和虚拟语气主要是借助情态动词考时态。‎ 体验高考 ‎2016·全国卷Ⅲ] ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1.________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. ‎ Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2.________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3.________ (create) special designs. ‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4.________ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, 5.________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6.________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks. ‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7.________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the 8.________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9.________ (be) too violent for use at the table. ‎ Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10.________ their hands. ‎ ‎4. using　此处用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎5. as/when　句意：随着时间的推移，当人口增长的时候，人们开始把大块食物切成小块，以便更快地煮熟。用as或when，表示“当……的时候”。‎ ‎6. gradually　修饰谓语turn into，需用副词。故填gradually。‎ ‎7. who　引导一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词Confucius(孔子)起到补充说明的作用，故填who。‎ ‎8. development　前有定冠词the修饰，应该是名词形式，故填development。‎ ‎9. were　此句是并列句，主语是knives，因此be应用复数形式，再结合前半句“Confucius believed knives would remind…”可知填be的过去式were。‎ ‎10. with　句意：在印度，大多数人还习惯用手吃饭。介词with意为“用，使用”。‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. 【贵州省遵义航天高级中学2017届高三第五次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ On December 19th, 2010, an airbus took off from the capital airport of Saudi Arabia. After about an hour’s flight, something 1 (believe) happened on the plane. The air hostess was about to serve lunch 2 a small mouse stole out from the bag of a young man, which frightened the young woman nearby and she shouted loudly. Then more and more mice came out of 3 bag. 4 (catch) by surprise, the other passengers all shouted in panic. The steward managed to get in touch with the control center on the ground. With the order from the ground, the plane 5 (success) landed at the nearest airport. As soon as the plane was on the ground, all the passengers got off. Then seven specialists got on the plane 6 (kill) the mice. Many means had been tried but 7 of them were good enough. ‎ At last, they tried to fill in the plane 8 carbon-dioxide, which poisoned all the mice. It 9 ( report) that the young man wanted to carry the mice to another city and sell them as 10 (pet), but he didn’t expect they succeeded in escaping from the bag.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：2010年12月19日从Saudi Arabia首都机场起飞的一架飞机上所发生的老鼠事件。‎ ‎6.to kill 句意：七个专家上了飞机去杀死老鼠。动词不定式做目的果状语，故填to kill。‎ ‎7.none 句意：很多方法已经尝试，但没有一个方法足够的有效。故填none。‎ ‎8.with 固定词组：fill---with—用---填---，故填with。‎ ‎9.was reported 固定句式：It is reported that---据报道，根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填was reported。‎ ‎10.pets 句意：把它们当宠物买。根据句意可知用名词复数，故填pets。‎ ‎2. 【宁夏银川一中2017届高三上学期第五次月考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In the English Readi.ng Week, one of my classmates recommended a quote to us, __1__ goes like this; "Your future depends on many things, 2 mostly on you." I can't agree 3 (much) with this view. It's true that our future 4 (determine) by many things, such as opportunities and help from others, but our own attitude, determination 5 hard work play a more important role. In 6 words, we are the master of our own future.‎ Take Abraham Lincoln, for example. He was born in a poor family, and only received a 7 (limit) education in his childhood. Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America. 8 to this day. Lincoln is ___9____(regard) as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. 10 , I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：你的未来如何，取决于方方面面，但最关键的因素是你自己。‎ ‎1.which a quote是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做主语，故填which。‎ ‎2.but 句意：你的未来依靠与很多事情，但是主要依赖于你自己。此处表示转折，故填but。‎ ‎3.more 句意：我完全支持你的观点。not和比较级搭配表示最高级的意思，故填more。‎ ‎4.is determined 句意：我们的未来由很多事情决定。根据句意可知用一般现在时态，故填is ‎ determined。‎ ‎5.and 句意：我们自己的态度、决心和艰苦工作。此处表示并列，故填and。‎ ‎6.other 固定词组：in other words换句话说。故填other。‎ ‎7.limited 形容词修饰名词，故填limited。‎ ‎8.Even 句意：即使在今天林肯也被视为世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。故填Even注意大写开头。‎ ‎9.regarded 句意：Lincoln被称作是世界上最杰出的伟人之一。此处用被动语态，故填regarded。‎ ‎10.Therefore 句意：因此，我坚信我们的未来掌握在自己手中。故填Therefore。‎ ‎3. 【安徽省马鞍山二中、安师大附中2017届高三12月阶段性测试】Over the years, I have met some interesting people. Two of 1 most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice, 2 way of talking about people inspired me.‎ ‎ It was always a 3 (pleasant) to visit these two sisters. Just being greeted at the door was a joy. They couldn’t be 4 (happy) when seeing me. I always heard about the people who were there before me. Every person 5 (talk) about in a positive way. The conversation would go something like this, “Oh, Kay, so and so was here yesterday, she 6 (be) just the ‘salt of the earth’, isn't she?” The other sister would reply, “Oh yes! You just can't believe 7 wonderful she is.” I never heard they said a negative word about anyone. NEVER!‎ ‎ I understood why these two had so much company when other people complained that no one cared about 8 (they). It was their attitude 9 people. There was no doubt that when the next person came to visit, they were going to hear how I was the “salt of the earth”.‎ ‎ What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be 10 (thank)that I had the opportunity to know them.‎ ‎4.happier.考查形容词比较级。此处是否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思，指见到我她们最高兴。故填happier.‎ ‎5.was talked.考查时态语态。此处指每个人都被用积极的方式交谈，two sisters和别人交谈。和本段时态一致用过去时的被动，故填was talked.‎ ‎6.is.考查动词。此处是反意疑问句，与反问部分isn't she一致，用系动词is，故填is.‎ ‎7.how.考查副词。此处修饰形容词wonderful，指多么精彩。故填how.‎ ‎8.them.考查代词。用于care about后面做宾语用宾格，指关心他们。故填them.‎ ‎9.towards. 考查介词。表示“对…的态度”用attitude towards，故填towards.‎ ‎10.thankful.考查形容词。动词be后用形容词做表语，指我总是很感激的。故填thankful.‎ 考点：考查人物故事类短文阅读。‎ ‎4. 【辽宁省重点高中协作校2017届高三上学期期末】In Malta, people hold a 1 (tradition) festival called Gostra. They hold Gostra Festival every year to mark the feast day of Saint Julian. Part of the festival is a special competition. For 2 competition, people prepare a piece of round wood, 3 is about 10 meters long. Then, they put oil over the pole and carry it to a boat, 4 one end on the boat and the other over the water. There are flags 5 (attach) to the end of the pole. People are supposed to take turns to run along the pole and get one flag at a time. Obviously, it is not easy to make it. Many people fall into the water and end 6 (they) chances. The one who gets the most 7 (flag) wins the competition.‎ For some competitors, the style in which they fall off the pole seems to be 8 (slight) more important than getting the flags. But there are still some others who show definite determination while 9 (run) on that oily pole. Following the day’s entertainment, as dusk 10 (fall), hunters fire guns over the harbor to show respect for Saint Julian.‎ ‎4.with 此处是with的独立主格结构，“有一头在船上”，故填with。‎ ‎5.attached 此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填attached。‎ ‎6.their 形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填their。‎ ‎7.flags 句意：得到旗子最多的获胜。可知名词用复数形式，故填flags。‎ ‎8.slightly 此处用slightly修饰比较级加强语气。‎ ‎9.running 此处while+现在分词做时间状语，故填running。注意双写开头。‎ ‎10.falls/is falling 句意：随着黄昏的降临。根据句意every year可知用一般现在时态或现在进行时态，故填falls/is falling。‎ ‎5. 【安徽省“皖南八校”2017届高三第二次联考（12月）】阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Getting fit no longer 1 (require)a pencil-and-paper workout plan or a food diary. If you're looking for some new and 2 (create) ways to improve your health, try Fit Time.‎ ‎ It's like your personal trainer. After 3 (get) all the information it needs-your height, weight, age, and exercise habits-it gives you a customized training course, 4 asks you to work out four times a week for about two 5 (month). The exercises focus 6 a different part of your body every day. For instance, on Monday, you do push-ups(俯卧撑)to build up your arms, and on Tuesday, you build up 7 (strong) in your legs by doing deep knee bends. 8 exercise plan changes as time goes by.‎ The best part of this app is that everyone can share 9 (they) workout results and follow their training. It is a great way for you and your friends 10 (encourage) each other to build strong bodies.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文主要是介绍锻炼身体的，并且提出了一些建议。‎ ‎1. requires 考查时态和主谓一致。本文用一般现在时描述，故此处用一般现在时，动名词短语做主语为单数概念，故谓语用 三单，填requires。‎ ‎2. creative 考查形容词。根据and前后一致原则，故后面也填形容词，故creative。‎ ‎3. getting 考查动名词。After后接动词要接动名词，故填getting。‎ ‎4. which 考查连词。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代前一句发的意思，并且做主语，故填which。‎ ‎5. months 考查名词。根据句意此处用复数，故填months。‎