2015高考英语语法精讲精练 专题十一 特殊句式倒装强调主谓一致等常考点

2015高考英语语法精讲精练 专题十一 特殊句式倒装强调主谓一致等常考点

专题十一　特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点 近几年，高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。‎ 　　强调句 ‎ ‎①构成和判断：‎ ‎“It is/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指人可用who)＋句子的其余部分”。如：‎ It was because he was ill that he was absent.‎ ‎②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。如：‎ Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?‎ What_was_it_that made him upset?‎ Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?‎ ‎[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。‎ ‎③not until的强调句，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分”。如：‎ It was not until I came back that he left.‎ ‎④强调谓语用“does/do/did＋动词原形”。如：‎ He did come back yesterday.‎ ‎①In my opinion，Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present.‎ A. does does B. does did C. does do D. did do ‎②—What did she want to know，Tom?‎ ‎—She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment.‎ A. when was it B. it was when that C. it was when D. when it was that ‎③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know.‎ A. where；that B. which；when C. that；that D. which；which ‎④—________ that he managed to get the information?‎ ‎—Oh，a friend of his helped him.‎ A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it ‎⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour ‎ hand was made.‎ A. that B. until C. before D. when ‎【答案】①C　②D　③C　④C　⑤A 　　it 用法 ‎ ‎①指代上文的同名同物。如：‎ There is no more than one copy left. Will you buy it?‎ ‎②作形式主语和形式宾语。如：‎ It is impossible to get there in time.‎ I owe it to him that I can succeed.‎ We should bring it to his attention that he should work hard.‎ ‎③like/dislike/hate/appreciate/prefer/want/stand/...＋it＋从句 ‎④depend on/rely on＋it＋从句；see to＋it＋从句 ‎⑤用于固定短语或句型中。如：get it/make it/catch it/forget it/it's worth it/I can't help it/as sb. put it/mean it。‎ ‎⑥指代时间、天气、距离、温度或在打电话、有人敲门等情形时。‎ ‎①I dislike________ when people talk with their mouths full.‎ A. it B. that C. this D. them ‎②It worried her a bit________ her hair was turning gray.‎ A. while B. that C. if D. for ‎③You must see to________ all the children are being taken good care of.‎ A. that B. it C. it that D. whether ‎④________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.‎ A. As B. That C. This D. It ‎【答案】①A　②B　③C　④D 　　倒装句 ‎ ‎①表方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语是名词时要全部倒装，且不用进行时倒装。若主语为人称代词则不倒装。如：‎ In came the teacher.老师进来了。‎ In he came. 他进来了。‎ ‎②分词、形容词放在句首全部倒装。如：‎ Hanging on the wall are two pictures.‎ ‎③“Only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时倒装(在强调句中不可倒装，not ‎ until也是如此)。如：‎ Only then did he realize he was wrong.‎ Only when you work hard will you succeed.‎ ‎④否定词和否定短语(in no case，under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，on no condition，by no means，at no time)放在句首时倒装。如：‎ He said that under no circumstances would_he_give_up．‎ ‎⑤Hardly/Scarcely...when...＝No sooner...than 用过去完成时，主句倒装。如：‎ Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.‎ ‎＝No sooner had the football game begun than it started raining.‎ ‎⑥not only...but (also)．..中not only后的句子需倒装。如：‎ Not only is the young man clever but also he is hardworking.‎ ‎⑦表示“A...B也(不)．..”，用so，neither/nor 倒装。如：‎ He speaks Chinese，and so do I.‎ He doesn't speak Japanese，and nor/neither do I.‎ ‎⑧so/such... that...(如此……以至于) 放在句首时倒装。如：‎ Such a good teacher is_he that we all like him.‎ So good is_the_teacher_that we all like him.‎ ‎⑨as表示 “虽然” 时，用“名词(不带冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as...”。如：‎ Child as he is，he knows a lot.‎ ‎⑩表虚拟语气中的had，were，should提到主语前。如：‎ Were it to rain tomorrow，I would not go there.‎ ‎＝Should it rain tomorrow，I would not go there.‎ Had I attended the meeting yesterday，I would have seen him.‎ ‎①Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.‎ A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize ‎②________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.‎ A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound ‎③I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom________ so lonely as now.‎ A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt ‎④So sudden________ that the enemy had no time to escape.‎ A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was ‎⑤Not until ________ on TV ________ that the Chinese ship was rescued by the European Union Task Force.‎ A. I turned；did I know B. did I turn；did I know C. did I turn；I knew D. I turned；I had known ‎【答案】①D　②D　③A　④C　⑤A 　　主谓一致 ‎ ‎①and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数。如：‎ The writer and worker is in the room.‎ ‎②动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数。如：‎ Educating girls is very important.‎ ‎③度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。如：‎ ‎5，000 dollars is a large sum of money.‎ ‎④all of.../most of.../some of.../half of.../part of.../the rest of.../百分数/分数词/……后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。如：‎ All of the books have been sold out.‎ All of the money has been lent.‎ ‎⑤team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。如：‎ The family is made up of five members.‎ The family are watching TV.‎ ‎⑥“the rich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/...(表示“一类人”)＋复数谓语”“the new/old/beautiful/unexplained/...(表示“抽象概念”)＋单数谓语”。如：‎ The old are easily taken in.‎ ‎⑦以many a＋n.，more than one＋n.，each/every/no＋n.(＋each/every/no＋n.)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ Many a student has seen the film.‎ Each girl and each boy has a book.‎ ‎⑧“A number of...＋复数谓语”“The number of...＋单数谓语”。如：‎ A number of students are fond of the book.‎ The number of students in our class is 50.‎ ‎⑨“Quantities of＋单数名词/复数名词＋复数谓语”“A quantity of＋单数名词＋单数谓语”“A quantity of＋复数名词＋复数谓语”。如：‎ Large quantities of water are badly polluted.‎ A large quantity of water is badly polluted.‎ 就近原则(either...or...，not only...but also，not...but，neither...nor...，there be)；‎ 就远原则(with，along with，together with，as well as，such as/like，rather than，besides，including，but，except)。如：‎ Not I but Tom and Jack are right.‎ Nobody but Tom and Jack is right.‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①Many a student________(have) already made such an interesting experiment.‎ ‎②The teacher and writer________(be) delivering a speech now.‎ ‎③Mary along with her parents ________(be) going to attend the meeting.‎ ‎④Not only the students but also their teacher ________(be) interested in the book.‎ ‎⑤Ten years ________(be) a moment in history.‎ ‎⑥Only 60 per cent of the work ________(be) done yesterday.‎ ‎⑦Quantities of good earth________(be) being washed away each year.‎ ‎⑧More than one student ________(have) failed the exam.‎ ‎【答案】①has　②is　③is　④is　⑤is　⑥ was　⑦ are ‎⑧has 　　反意疑问句 ‎ ‎①must，may，might，can，could表示推测时，可先将句子改为I am sure that句型，反意疑问句部分的动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如：‎ He must be a doctor，isn't he?‎ ‎＝I am sure that he is a doctor，isn't he?‎ He must have seen the film last week，didn't he?‎ ‎＝I am sure that he saw the film last week，didn't he?‎ You must have heard about it.‎ ‎＝I am sure that you have heard about it，haven't you?‎ ‎②当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，guess，be sure等，且主语为第一人称时，要对宾语从句的主语反问。如：‎ Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed，does he?‎ I don't believe Jane will succeed，will she?‎ ‎③在并列句中，要对第二个分句反问。如：‎ He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher，isn't she?‎ ‎④祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：‎ 否定祈使句，＋will you?‎ 肯定祈使句，＋will/won't you?‎ Let's...，＋shall we?‎ Let us/me/him/...，＋will you?‎ ‎⑤陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：‎ He could hardly believe his own eyes，could he?‎ ‎⑥陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't 均可。若含有ought to时，则用oughtn't 或shouldn't。如：‎ There used to be a bridge here，usedn't/didn't there?‎ ‎⑦当主语是everything，anything，something等时，用it反问。当主语是everyone，anyone，somebody等时，用they或he反问。如：‎ Everything is all right，isn't it?‎ Everybody is here，aren't they/isn't he?‎ ‎⑧回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则：看所提到的事物是否已发生或未发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如：‎ ‎—You haven't been here long，have you？(你在这儿不久，是吗？)‎ ‎—No，I haven't. I am new here.(是的，我是新来的。)‎ ‎⑨there be 结构用there反问。如：‎ There are two people waiting outside, aren't there?‎ That's..., This is...用it 反问。如：‎ ‎ That is a book, isn't it?‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①Don't forget to turn off the light，________？‎ ‎②He knows little about English，________？‎ ‎③Mary，feed the chickens，________？‎ ‎④He couldn't have been told about it，________？‎ ‎⑤Bob told you that there was nobody in the room，________？‎ ‎⑥Everything is all right，________？‎ Everybody is here，________？‎ ‎⑦I don't believe he is wrong，________？‎ ‎⑧—You won't go to his party，will you?‎ ‎—________，if he invites me.‎ ‎【答案】①will you　②does he　③will you/won't you　④has he　⑤didn't he　⑥isn't it；aren't they/isn't he　⑦is he ‎⑧Yes 　　否定句 ‎ ‎①不带否定词的否定。如：‎ far from(决不；一点也不)＝anything but＝not nearly＝not at all＝nowhere near free from...(无……的)‎ He is the last person I want to see(他是我最不想见的人)．‎ ‎②带否定词的肯定。如：‎ I can hardly wait to see him.＝I can't wait to see him.‎ I've never heard a better voice.＝His voice is the best one that I have ever heard.‎ He's no richer than me.＝He is as poor as me.‎ There's nothing but a table in the room.＝There is only a table in the room.‎ ‎③部分否定和全部否定 部分否定用not both/all/every/...‎ ‎＝both/all/every/...not...；‎ 全部否定用“neither/none/no＋名词”。如：‎ All the students don't like the film.‎ ‎＝Not all the students like the film.‎ Neither of them has a car.‎ ‎④否定省略。如：‎ I hope/guess/am afraid so.的否定省略为：‎ I hope/guess/am afraid not.‎ I think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect so.的否定省略为：‎ I think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect not.‎ ‎＝I don't think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect so.‎ ‎①—Would you like to go to the cinema with us?‎ ‎—Yes，________. What time are we going to meet?‎ A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. I'd like to ‎②It can't be Mike who has done such a foolish thing. He is________ but a fool.‎ A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything ‎③—Aren't you cold?‎ ‎—________. I'm boiling.‎ A. Take it easy B. Far from it C. Not a little D. That's all right ‎④While I agree with most of what you said，I don't agree with________．‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎【答案】①D　②D　③B　④C 　　省略 ‎ ‎①上下文对话中。如：‎ ‎—What made him so upset?‎ ‎—Losing his bike.‎ ‎②并列句中。如：‎ One side of the board should be painted white and the other red.‎ ‎③同时省略句子的几个成分，保留副词。如：‎ ‎—Do you like the film?‎ ‎—Yes，very much.＝Really./No，not very much.＝Not really.‎ 类似的有：perfectly，absolutely，exactly，very，not exactly，not likely(＝impossible)．..‎ ‎④不定式的省略(保留to，to be，to have，to have been)。如：‎ ‎—Are you a doctor?‎ ‎—No，but I used to be.‎ ‎—Do you smoke?‎ ‎—No，but I used to.‎ ‎—He hasn't finished yet.‎ ‎—Well，he ought to have.‎ ‎⑤if necessary　　如果有必要 if possible　　如果有可能 if so　　假如这样的话 if not　　如果不 if ever　　如果曾经有过(表示时间)‎ if any　　如果有一些的话(表示数量)‎ if anything　　若要说的话 Correct your mistakes，if any.‎ He is seldom，if ever，late for class.‎ ‎⑥祈使句结构。如：‎ One more week and I'll finish the job.‎ Work hard and you will succeed.‎ ‎⑦“连词＋分词”的省略(前提条件为状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be)。如：‎ When finished，the project will be a great success.‎ When waiting for a bus，I met him.‎ 用适当的词填空：‎ ‎①—When did the accident happen?‎ ‎—It was in 1980________ he was in middle school.‎ ‎②—What should I do with the passage?‎ ‎—________(find) out the main idea.‎ ‎③—It's wise of you to come around but why?‎ ‎—________(see) that it is right.‎ ‎④—Whom do you want to see?‎ ‎—The man ________(call) himself Mr. Smith.‎ ‎【答案】①when　②Find　③To see　④calling 　　替代 ‎ ‎①区别it，one，that，those：‎ it与上文名词是同名同物；one＝a(n)＋上文的可数名词；that＝the＋上文的单数名词，后面常有一个后置定语；those＝the ones＝the＋上文的复数名词，后面常有一个后置定语。‎ ‎②替代动词：用does，do，did替代上文同一动词。如：‎ He spends more time watching TV than he does reading.‎ ‎③替代句子：用so替代上文的句子。如：‎ He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so?‎ 用适当的词填空：‎ ‎①The population of China is larger than ________ of Japan.‎ ‎②The radios in this factory are cheaper than________ in that one.‎ ‎③I have no mobile phone and I want to buy ________．‎ ‎④I want to buy a gift for my mother，________ at a proper price but of good quality.‎ ‎⑤She plays the piano better than Mary ________ the guitar.‎ ‎【答案】①that　②those　③one　④one　⑤does 　　插入语 ‎ ‎①副词修饰整个句子：luckily＝fortunately＝happily，sadly，strangely，obviously，briefly...如：‎ Fortunately，people have come to realize the importance of protecting the environment.‎ ‎②介词短语in conclusion＝in a word＝in short＝in brief，in one's view＝in one's opinion＝in one's sight，in other words，to one's surprise...，(or) rather...‎ ‎③动词不定式：to begin with，to conclude，to be exact，to tell the truth＝to be honest，not to mention...＝let alone...，to make things/matters even worse＝what's worse...‎ ‎④分词：generally speaking，strictly speaking...‎ ‎⑤句子：that is＝that is to say＝namely，he says/he said，it is said，what's more，you know/you see，I'm afraid，I mean...‎ ‎①The students are not allowed，unless they have special passes，________ after 10：30 p．m.‎ A. to stay out B. staying out C. stay out D. stayed out ‎②—I wonder why he seldom donates anything to help others.‎ ‎—Oh，he can't even support himself though he is working hard，________ helping others.‎ A. apart from B. in addition to C. not to mention D. in place of ‎③Our manager is far from satisfied with you.________，you failed in the job interview.‎ A. In total B. I see C. I mean D. In particular ‎【答案】①A　②C　③C 　　感叹句 ‎ 感叹句基本构成：‎ What[＋a(n)]＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ How＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！‎ 用what，how 填空：‎ ‎①________ an interesting book it is!‎ ‎②________ interesting a book it is!‎ ‎③________ interesting books they are!‎ ‎④________ great progress he has made!‎ ‎⑤________ I wish I could go to space!‎ ‎【答案】①What　②How　③What　④What　⑤How ‎1. (2014·福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，________， reaching ‎30°C in summer.‎ A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so ‎2. (2014·湖南卷)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do________ makes life happy.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. who ‎3. (2014·江苏卷)The idea “happiness”， ________， will not sit still for easy definition.‎ A. to be rigid B. to be sure C. to be perfect D. to be fair ‎4. (2014·重庆卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?‎ A. mustn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hadn't ‎5. (2014·北京卷) ________ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.‎ A. Observe B. To observe C. Observed D. Observing ‎6. (2013·江苏卷)Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎7. (2013·江苏卷)“Never for a second，” the boy says，‎ ‎“ ________ that my father would come to my rescue.”‎ A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt ‎8. (2013·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，‎450 a year，which ________ a burden for some of them.‎ A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is ‎9. (2013·全国卷)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.‎ A. when B. that C. which D. what ‎10. (2012·重庆卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.‎ A. when B. that C. after D. since ‎【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. A　6. A　7. D　8. A ‎9. B　10. B ‎1. No sooner________ at the desk than the telephone rang.‎ A. had he sat down B. he sat down C. he had sat down D. did he sit down ‎2. Nobody but Jack and Jane________ great progress in the class recently.‎ A. have made B. has made C. had made D. made ‎3. A survey of the opinions of experts________ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________ good for one's health.‎ A. show；are B. shows；is C. show；is D. shows；are ‎4. The women carrying babies，come in first，________？‎ A. will you B. will they C. do you D. don't you ‎5. So difficult________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.‎ A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found ‎6. —The place isn't too bad，is it?‎ ‎—No，________ it is a bit too crowded.‎ A. but B. for C. and D. as ‎7. ________ you get into university in the future，you would have to go and take the chance.‎ A. Will B. Should C. Would D. Could ‎8. Was it not until ________ out of natural resources that they began to push for other ones?‎ A. people had run B. had people run C. did people run D. people had been ‎9. When you've finished with that book，don't forget to put it back on the shelf，________？‎ A. do you B. don't you C. will you D. won't you ‎10. The students have been told that under no condition ________ the mobile phone in class.‎ A. may they use B. they may use C. they could use D. would they use ‎11. Was it from the lake________ he often went fishing________ he saved the drowning girl?‎ A. that；that B. where；where C. where；that D. that；where ‎12. Johnson knows much about the movie. I think he must have seen it，________？‎ A. doesn't he B. hasn't he C. don't I D. didn't he ‎13. —So hard ________ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.‎ ‎—I can see that，only a few mistakes ________ in this exam.‎ A. has he worked；did he make B. he has worked；he made C. he has worked；has he made D. has he worked；he made ‎14. —You must have met him the other day，I'm quite sure.‎ ‎—Oh，no，I________．‎ A. didn't B. haven't C. hadn't D. mustn't ‎15. —Mother hasn't come back yet.‎ ‎—Well，she ought________．‎ A. to B. to be C. to do D. to have ‎16. —I hear that Bai San can't afford his schooling this fall.‎ ‎—________，let's do something for him.‎ A. If so B. When possible C. When necessary D. What a shame ‎17. —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?‎ ‎—As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he________．‎ A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write ‎18. Be careful with such things. If you________，you'll drop them.‎ A. don't B. aren't C. do D. won't ‎19. —It's ages since I last saw you. I didn't recognize you at first.‎ ‎—I________，either，if someone hadn't called you by name.‎ A. didn't B. hadn't had C. wouldn't have D. wouldn't ‎20. —The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?‎ ‎—________．‎ A. I guess not so B. I don't guess C. I don't guess so D. I guess not ‎21. I don't think The Flowers of War by Zhang Yimou is popular among teenagers, ________？‎ A. are they B. isn't it C. don't you D. is it ‎22. The boy was so tired that no sooner ________ his eyes than he fell asleep.‎ A. he closed B. had he closed C. did he close D. he had closed ‎ ‎23. ________， I believe, and you will find he is very outgoing. ‎ A. Having a talk with Tom B. One talk with Tom C. Given a talk with Tom D. If you have a talk with Tom ‎24. ________ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise. ‎ A. Out did the boy rush B. Out rushed the boy C. Out the boy rushed D. Rushed the boy out ‎25. Little ________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. ‎ A. cared he B. he cared C. did he care D. was he cared ‎ ‎26. Not until the press reported the pollution ________ why the water supply had been cut off. ‎ A. people did know B. people had known C. had people known D. did people know ‎27. It is our daily decisions, rather than our abilities, ______ show what we truly are. ‎ A. which　　　B. who　　　C. what　　　D. that ‎ ‎28. As is known to us all, English books of this kind ______ well in middle ‎ schools. ‎ A. sell B. sells C. is sold D. are sold ‎ ‎29. —Excuse me, sir, ________ either she or I selected to join the team?‎ ‎—Sorry, neither she nor you ________．‎ A. is; are B. am; are C. are; are D. is; is ‎30. —Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa?‎ ‎—Yes, not only ________ his money, but he was nearly killed. ‎ A. he lost B. did he lose C. he had lost D. was he lost ‎【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. A　5. B　6. A　7. B　8. A ‎9. C　10. A　11. C　12. B　13. D　14. A　15. D　16. A ‎17. B　18. B　19. C　20. D　21. D　22. B　23. B　24. B ‎25. C　26. D　27. D　28. A　29. A　30. B