2018高考英语语法填空形容词或副词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题(含解析)

2018高考英语语法填空形容词或副词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题(含解析)

‎2018高考英语语法填空：形容词或副词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）‎ 高考英语语法填空******有提示词的解题技巧 ‎【括号内提供的是形容词或副词】‎ 如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：‎ ‎________(actual)I believed I would work for a few years，get married，stay home and raise a family，so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.‎ 答案　More actually 该空需要填入副词actually在句子中作状语。有的考生填入more actually，虽然词性是对的，但是这里没有上下文比较的关系，逻辑语义不同，考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。‎ 再如：“Thirty－five cents，” she said ________(rude)．‎ 答案　rudely　此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。‎ 但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：‎ At last，her courage and ________(wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.‎ 答案　wisdom　括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。‎ 另外，通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。如：‎ One of the ________(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher...‎ 因为这里是one of the＋名词复数的形式，表示……其中之一，因此范围是三者或三者以上，因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。‎ 跟踪选编题 A ‎(2016·湖南东部六校高三联考)‎ One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving.It is __1__(frequent)referred to as Black Friday.The use of the word “black” relates __2__ the business accountants.Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink.So __3__(be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing，a return to profits.‎ Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity __4__(get) all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices.On that day，most retailers will open very early __5__ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products，while a great number of holiday shoppers will get __6__ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.‎ Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores，__7__ is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like.It used to be the __8__(busy) shopping day of a year.Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress __9__(involve) in fighting the crowds.In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __10__(see) the biggest shopping crowds.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。‎ ‎1．frequently　[考查副词。句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。]‎ ‎2．to　[考查固定搭配。relate to...“和……有关”，是固定短语。]‎ ‎3．being　[考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。]‎ ‎4．to get　[考查非谓语动词。它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。]‎ ‎5．and　[考查并列连词。多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。]‎ ‎6．an　[考查冠词。an early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。]‎ ‎7．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。]‎ ‎8．busiest　[考查形容词最高级。它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。]‎ ‎9．involved　[考查非谓语动词。很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。]‎ ‎10．has seen　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故用has seen。]‎ B 语法填空 ‎(2016·河北省“五个一名校联盟”质检)‎ At my workplace there aren't enough __1__(opportunity) to be different. We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for __2__(we) and each other.‎ So, I print __3__(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc, and post them on a blank space __4__ I've found in one of our rooms. I believe they add to our “emotional education”．‎ One person asked me, “Why do you try to help these people? They are not very nice？” My answer __5__(be), “If it affects one person then it's a good thing.” It doesn't matter whether it has an impact __6__ anyone else. What matters is that I'm the __7__(good) person I can be.‎ I know those __8__(print) stories and articles are read because they keep getting moved about. So, __9__(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, __10__ surface will become smooth and the messages will get through. How long it takes really doesn't matter.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。‎ ‎1．opportunities　根据空前的“there aren't”可知，there ‎ be句型中的主语应用复数形式。‎ ‎2．ourselves　但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。‎ ‎3．inspiring　根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰messages，故用形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。‎ ‎4．that/which　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a blank space，且在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。‎ ‎5．was　根据上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎6．on　此处是固定搭配have an impact on ...“对……有影响”。‎ ‎7．best　根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填best。‎ ‎8．printed　分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰stories and articles，且print与stories and articles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎9．eventually　根据语境可知，此处应使用副词eventually作状语修饰整个句子。‎ ‎10．the　此处surface为特指，空处填the。‎ C ‎(2016·广西桂林、崇左市高三4月联考)‎ Our modern life is changing our eating habits.We are spending too much time in front of TV or computers and __1__(become) “couch potatoes” or “mouse potatoes”．We also eat too much junk food and we don’t get enough exercise.The foods we find in the supermarket are sometimes no __2__(benefit) to us，and it is difficult to know exactly __3__ we are eating when we buy ready－made or pre－prepared dishes.Considering this situation，it is becoming __4__(much) important than ever __5__(make) sure that we keep a healthy diet.‎ A healthy diet gives us the calories we need and don’t contain too much fat.The number of calories we need __6__(change) depending on what kind of body we have (are we short，tall，heavy etc.)and how active we are.Quality food，or healthy food，gives us calories in the best way.Junk food，__7__ the other hand，gives us few calories and lots of fat and sugar.If we eat too much fat and sugar，we will put on __8__(weigh)‎ ‎ easily，in order to live __9__ happy and long life，we should keep a __10__(balance) diet.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。不良的饮食习惯给人们带来了很多危害，因此作者呼吁大家要养成健康的饮食习惯。‎ ‎1．becoming　[考查动词的用法。与前面的“are spending”构成并列谓语，故用－ing形式。]‎ ‎2．beneficial　[考查固定搭配的用法。谓语动词为系动词be，故用形容词作表语。“be no beneficial to”意思是“对……无益”。]‎ ‎3．what　[考查关系词的用法。句意：当我们购买了现成的或提前准备好的食物时，我们很难清楚地知道我们吃的到底是什么。know后面的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故填what。]‎ ‎4．more　[考查比较级的用法。根据后面的than这个词，可知要用形容词的比较级。]‎ ‎5．to make　[考查不定式的用法。由语境可知此处意为“为确保……”，应当用不定式作目的状语。]‎ ‎6．changes　[考查动词时态的用法。the number of 意思是“……的数目”。“The number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。]‎ ‎7．on　[考查固定搭配的用法。on the other hand 为固定搭配，意思是“另一方面”。]‎ ‎8．weight　[考查名词的用法。put on后面缺少宾语，应当变成名词。“put on weight”是“增肥”的意思。]‎ ‎9．a　[考查冠词的用法。live a happy life“过着幸福的生活”，这是固定词组。]‎ ‎10．balanced　[考查形容词的用法。修饰名词diet要用形容词，balanced意思是“均衡的”。]‎ D 语法填空 ‎(2016·合肥市质检)Eileen Taylor had something sweet on her mind in the drivethrough line at Heav'nly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had __1__(generous) paid for her coffee. “The good deed made such __2__ big difference in ‎ my day，” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a physician's __3__ (assist), and money was tight. But Eileen __4__(inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers. __5__she didn't know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction. In two and a half hours, fiftyfive drivers paid for the order of the person behind __6__(they). The doughnut shop's employees __7__ (see) this before. This Heav'nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of __8__ are considered as “the best in the world”. But, even so, the workers were __9__ (amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.‎ Now __10__ (work) as a chemist, Eileen visits Heav'nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Eileen在经济困窘之际，陌生顾客帮她付单的行为产生了连锁反应，很多人效仿这一行为。‎ ‎1．generously　空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．a　make a difference意为“起作用”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．assistant　此处指“作为一个医生的助手”，故用名词assistant。‎ ‎4．was inspired　本处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；Eileen与inspire之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；结合主语Eileen可知，填was inspired。‎ ‎5．What　句意：她不知道的是她的善行引起了连锁反应。主语从句中know缺少宾语，故用what引导主语从句。‎ ‎6．them　空处作介词behind的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式them。‎ ‎7．had seen　根据语境并结合时间状语before可知，此处指的是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎8．which　先行词place在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。‎ ‎9．amazed　主语为workers，指人，应用amazed。‎ ‎10．working　分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，因为work与句子主语Eileen之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ E ‎(2016·超级全能生26省联考乙卷)‎ ‎“He is a fool who cannot be angry，but he is really a wise man __1__ won’t.”‎ The habit of keeping pleasant is indeed better __2__ an income of a million dollars a year. The life without __3__(cheerful) is like the severe winter without the sun.‎ We all love cheerful company，but we tend to forget that cheerfulness is a habit which can be developed by all.‎ We find __4__ very difficult to be happy when we are in sorrow. It requires great courage. We should never forget that __5__(be) cheerful when it is not easy to be cheerful shows greatness. Thorny(荆棘)may be __6__(we) way，but how happy is the conqueror’s song!‎ The perfection of cheerfulness __7__(consist)in the happy frame of mind. It is displayed in good temper and kind behavior. It arises partly from personal goodness and __8__(part) from belief in the goodness of others. It can make people see the glory in the grass and the sunshine on the flower. It encourages happy thoughts，and lives in an atmosphere of peace. It costs nothing，and yet it is __9__(value). It blesses its possessor and affords a large measure of enjoyment to others.‎ To light up other’s heart，one’s own heart must __10__(light) first.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文介绍了积极乐观的重要性。‎ ‎1．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以得出“________ won’t”是一个定语从句，先行词“a wise man”在从句中作主语，再结合前一句可知，此处填who。]‎ ‎2．than　[考查比较级。根据句意及“better”可知，此处填“better”。]‎ ‎3．cheerfulness　[考查名词。without 是介词，介词后只能跟名词或是动名词，所以此处填“cheerful”的名词形式“cheerfulness”。]‎ ‎4．it　[考查代词。分析句子结构可以得出“________”在这里只是“find”的形式宾语，真正的宾语是“to be happy”，所以此处填 “it”。]‎ ‎5．to be　[考查不定式。分析句子结构，“________ cheerful when it is not easy to be ‎ cheerful shows greatness.”是“that” 引导的宾语从句，而 “________ cheerful”是从句中的主语，再根据句意分析，句子具有一定的将来意义，所以用“to be”。]‎ ‎6．our　[考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意，此处填“我们的”，所以用“our”。]‎ ‎7．consists　[考查动词。这一句的主语“the perfection of cheerfulness”是单数形式，再结合全文来看，全文中以一般现在时来写，所以此处也应用第三人称单数形式。故填 “consists”]‎ ‎8．parts　[考查动词。根据句子结构及句意，此处的动作和前面的“arises”是并列关系，所以part用第三人称单数形式。]‎ ‎9．valuable　[考查形容词。根据句意，“它虽然不花钱，但它确实是无价的。”所以此处应用“value”的形容词形式“valuable”。]‎ ‎10．be lighted　[考查动词语态。根据句意，“要想点亮他人的心，必须先点亮自己的心”。但后面半句的主语是“heart”，所以要用被动语态，故填 “be lighted”。]‎ F 语法填空 ‎(2016·湖北省七市教科研协作体联合考试)‎ Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of communication with others. There are many forms of communication, __1__ include texting, cell phones, email, and social media. __2__ (use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster, __3__ they lack many qualities that a facetoface conversation __4__ (possess)．‎ Facial expression and body language can __5__ (great) affect a conversation. They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person __6__ (think) and feeling. Facial expression can __7__ (apply) to video chatting, but body language can only be found in a facetoface conversation. Talking in person can have physical __8__ (feature). Giving someone a hug and holding their hand __9__ (comfort) them can only be done in person. When you are talking to someone by texting or messaging them, physical touch does not exist at all, which can limit the connection __10__ the people in the communication.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：随着科技的发展，现代的交流方式多种多样，但是面对面交流和肢体语言交流仍是不可替代的交流方式。‎ ‎1．which　分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为forms of communication，关系词作从句的主语，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎2．Using　分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语，故用动名词Using。‎ ‎3．but　使用这些可替代的交流方式可能会更快捷，但是它们缺乏面对面交流所拥有的特点。根据句意可知，两句间为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎4．possesses　根据上下文时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；该从句的主语是单数可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎5．greatly　空处修饰动词affect，故用副词形式greatly。‎ ‎6．is thinking　根据该句中的“feeling”和语境可知，面部表情和肢体语言能给人一些他人正在想什么的信息，故用现在进行时。‎ ‎7．be applied　主语Facial expression和动词apply之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。由can可知，应填be applied。‎ ‎8．features　根据下句中的“Giving someone a hug”和“holding their hand”可知，面对面交谈有两个身体特征，故用复数形式。‎ ‎9．to comfort　根据句意可知，空处表示拥抱和握手的目的，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎10．between　这里表示“人们之间的联系”，应用介词between。‎ G ‎(2015·南昌调研)‎ Some inventions happen in strange ways. The potato chip is one of them.‎ Moon’s Lake House was __1__ restaurant in New York in the 1850s. George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant __2__(enjoy) his cooking.‎ The one thing that really upset Crum was __3__ a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over. He would often return it ‎ overcooked. He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant __4__(angry)．‎ On August 24，1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen，__5__ they weren’t crunchy(脆的 ) enough.Crum reacted in his __6__(usually) way. He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil. They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse __7__(eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more.‎ Now, do you know __8__ invented the potato chip? It’s George Crum! He __9__(late) set up his own restaurant. He named it Crum’s House. He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables. They made his restaurant a very popular place.‎ Today, potato chips are one of Americans’ __10__(favor) foods!‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文告诉我们薯条是怎么被发明出来的。‎ ‎1．a　[考查冠词。restaurant是名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎2．to enjoy　[考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜。]‎ ‎3．when　[考查表语从句。此处应用when引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。]‎ ‎4．angrily　[考查副词。根据前面“walk out of the restaurant”可知，后面应用副词angrily修饰动词。]‎ ‎5．because　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”，强调原因，故用because。]‎ ‎6．usual　[考查形容词。根据后面的名词way可知，此处应用形容词。]‎ ‎7．to eat　[考查动词不定式。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”。]‎ ‎8．who　[考查疑问词。根据后面“It’s George Crum”可知，此处问的是谁发明了薯条。]‎ ‎9．later　[考查副词。根据后面的“set up”可知，这里应用later。]‎ ‎10．favorite　[考查形容词。根据后面的“foods”可知，这里需要用形容词，且表示“最喜欢的”。]‎ H 语法填空 ‎(2016·潍坊市统考)Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects (缺陷), including me. She did my first two operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and __1__(effect)．‎ I don't remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall __2__ third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let me choose my sleep medicine, __3__(make) sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know __4__ a big job she did.‎ Dr.Barone __5__ (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them __6__ free.‎ Many people benefit from her new ways __7__ (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent __8__(be) Best Doctors in America 2013－2014, America's Top Plastic Surgery, and many others.‎ Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was __9__(probable) just another patient to her, to me she was __10__ (much) than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了Barone医生治病救人的故事。‎ ‎1．effective　根据and前的important可知，空处应用形容词effective。‎ ‎2．the　序数词前一般用定冠词修饰，表示第几的概念。‎ ‎3．making　make和句子谓语动词let之间没有连词，且和句子主语She之间构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎4．what　what引起的感叹句的结构为：what＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数，故填what。‎ ‎5．operates　根据语境可知，此处表示经常做的事情，故用一般现在时，且由句子主语Dr. Barone可知，应填operates，与下文的goes和helps呼应。‎ ‎6．for　for free意为“免费”，为固定搭配，故用介词for。‎ ‎7．invented　invent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且空处和其逻辑主语ways之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎8．are　根据A few可知，此处谓语动词应用复数，且此处表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的复数形式，即are。‎ ‎9．probably　此处应用副词probably在句子中作状语。‎ ‎10．more　由than可知，此处“more than＋n.”意为“不仅仅，不只是”，是固定搭配。故填more。‎