高考英语语法讲解之名词性从句

高考英语语法讲解之名词性从句

‎2010高考二轮复习英语学案 专题九 名词性从句 ‎【典例精析】  1.(2007 山东，22 )Could I speak to ____is in charge of International Sales ,please ?‎ A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who ‎【解析】C.“is in charge of International Sales ”表语从句，缺少引导词和主语。其中A. B.选项后面需加定语从句引导词who； 而no matter who不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。‎ ‎2.（2008 重庆，25 ）People in Chongqing are proud of __they have achieved in the past ten years .‎ ‎ A. that B. which C what D. how ‎ ‎【解析】C “they have achieved in the past ten years ”做介词of的宾语，宾语从句中缺少have achieved的宾语。‎ ‎3.（2008 山东，23 ）____was most important to her ,she told me ,was her family .‎ ‎ A. It B This C. What D. As ‎【解析】C.句子的主干为“____was most important to her was her family”很明显此句的主语是个从句，主语从句中缺主语。‎ ‎4.（09山东）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.‎ A. where B. what C. how D. who ‎【解析】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。‎ ‎5.（09湖南）She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.‎ A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever ‎【解析】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。‎ ‎6.（09江西）The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. though ‎【解析】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。‎ ‎7.（09海南）Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?‎ A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 【解析】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。‎ ‎8.（09陕西）The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.‎ A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever ‎【解析】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。‎ ‎9.（09海南）One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health A. what B. this C. that D. which 【解析】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。‎ ‎10.（09上海）As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _______ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. how ‎【解析】D考查宾语从句用法。句意“作为一个新的外交家，他常常想到在这样的场合下，他如何才能作出更恰当的反应”。可知选D符合。‎ 11.（09四川）8. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.‎ A. which B. what C. that D. where ‎【解析】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。‎ ‎【专题突破】要求学生在做题中要注意如下几点：1.分析结构，辨析名词性从句和状语从句；2.理解句意，正确区别引导词；3.按照句意，出现那个引导词意思，便选择那个引导词。‎ ‎1.There is a common belief among them ___rubbish can and should be put to good use .‎ A. which B. if C. whose D. that ‎ ‎2.__ has been mentioned above, continued chairman after he took a sip of coffee, ____ the project must be carried out before spring flood comes.‎ A. As; that B. That; which C. This; which D. It; that ‎3. David Beckham has ___it take to become a professional football player.‎ A．who B．what C．which D．that ‎4. Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, they lost the game.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. why ‎5.--- The patient looks much better. is it that has made him he is today?‎ ‎--- Perhaps the special medicine and his family’s patient care. ‎ A．What; that B．That; that C．What; what D．What; which ‎6. After three hours’ climbing , they reached they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of .‎ A．what B．which C．where D．that 7. A plan has been put forward __ more graduates should go to work in the country A. when B. that C. whether D. how ‎8.It is pretty well understood __________controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.‎ A.that B.when C.what D.how ‎ ‎9.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____________ road conditions need ____________. ‎ A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved ‎ C. where; improving D. when; improving ‎ ‎10.______ made the school proud was ______ more that 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.‎ A.What…because　　B.What…that　　C.That…what　　D.That…because ‎11.— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?‎ ‎— Oh, that’s ____________. ‎ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited ‎12.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree. ‎ A. why B. where C. what D. How ‎13.The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand ________ they insist on going by motor-bike. ‎ A. why B. whether C. when D. how 参考答案和解析：‎ ‎1.【解析】D “___rubbish can and should be put to good use .”是a common belief的同位语从句，从句中意思完整,结构完整。‎ 2.【解析】A“__ has been mentioned above”是定语从句，而“____ the project must be carried out before spring flood comes.”是动词continued的宾语从句，宾语从句中句意和结构都完整，故选that，结合第一个空，得答案A. ‎ ‎3.【解析】B “_______ it takes to be a professional footballer”做has的宾语，宾语从句中缺少takes的宾语。句意“贝克拥有成为一名职业足球运动员所需要的品质” ‎ ‎4.【解析】A“_______ they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位语从句,从句意思结构完整,结构完整。‎ ‎5.【解析】C先将句子结构理清楚，it is ___that has made him ___he is today 就可以判断，第一个空是考察强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少he is的表语。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。‎ ‎6.【解析】A考生误以为是地点状语从句，误选C．where。而reached是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语they thought，应该缺主语。‎ ‎7.【解析】B 考察同位语从句，表达A plan的具体内容，has been put forward将名词与从句隔开，加大了难度。‎ ‎8.【解析】C 主要测试主语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。双重作用的引导词只能是what。例如：It is still doubtful what he said at the meeting yesterday。昨天他在会上说的话仍然值得怀疑。‎ ‎9.【解析】C 主要测试同位语从句。由句子语境可知句意;有个新的问题卷入私家车行列：道路状况需要改进。结合同位语从句的定义可知：问题的具体内容既是：到了状况需要改进。因此属于该句型结构。例如：There was a new problem put forward at the meeting where we could get the loan。会议上提出一个新问题，我们到哪儿弄到贷款。‎ ‎10．【解析】B主要测试主语从句和表语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子______ made the school proud 缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两答案。再结合句子______ more that 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词。句子意思：让我们学校自豪的是百分之九十多的学生被重点大学录取。‎ ‎11.【解析】A 主要测试表语从句。此试题测试的重点在于表语从句及起引导词。句子意思：——你仍在考虑昨天的比赛吗？———哦，那正是让我感到兴奋的地方。可以利用排除法：B、C、D三个答案中结构或句子意思不符合语境。‎ ‎12.【解析】C主要测试表语从句。解题的关键在于分清句子中动词disagree的词性：不及物动词。句子意思：你说每个人应该平等，这正是我不同意的地方。‎ 13.【解析】A 主要测试宾语从句。充分把握题干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思：路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。此题可以结合语境及答案两方面，逐一排查寻找最佳答案。充分注意所给答案能够充当句子什么成分这也是解题的关键。‎ ‎【学法导航】考生对于名词性从句的复习和应试关键要把握每个引导词的意义，因为在对于名词性从句的考查中，引导词在句子中都起作用，有意义，因此在分析句子结构，对比辨别名词性从句、状语从句、强调句式后，最后还是要选择引导词；另外还要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1．what 引导词的考查，尤其位于介词后引导的宾语从句以及引导名词性从句时的双重作用。‎ ‎2．Whether和if 的区别，尤其注意他们的不同之处。‎ ‎3．名词性从句和其它从句的兼容结构测试。‎ ‎4.句子语序和时态。‎ 具体说：‎ ‎1.掌握名词性从句的分类功能 名词性从句根据其在主句的功能作用又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎1)若从句在句中作主语为主语从句 What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(NMET93) ‎ ‎2.)若从句在句中作宾语为宾语从句 I remember when this used to be a quiet village.(NMET93) ‎ ‎3.)若从句在句中作表语为表语从句 ‎-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ‎ ‎-Is that why you had a few days off?(NMET99) ‎ ‎4)若从句在句中作同位语为同位语从句 We will discuss the question whether we will go there or not. ‎ ‎2.掌握连词的含义及分类 绝大多数名词性从句的连词都有其实在意义，称为有义连词，如what表“……的内容”，when表“……的时间”，where表“……的地点”，why表“……的原因”，how表“如何；怎样”，who表“谁”，if、whether表“是否”；没有实在意义的连词叫无义连词，无义连词只有that一个。‎ ‎3.掌握名词性从句的语序 名词性从句用陈述语序。‎ ‎4.掌握名词性从句和其它从句之间的关系 有些连词除引导名词性从句外还可引导其它从句，应掌握它们之间的关系。‎ ‎1)if ,whether表"是否"时引导名词性从句；if表“如果”时引导条件状语从句；whether表“无论是否；不管是否”时引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎2)when表“……的时间”，where表“……的地方”时引导名词从句；when表“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句，where表“……的地方”，且修饰行为动词时，引导地点状语从句；when,where从句作定语修饰先行词时引导定语从句。‎ ‎【专题综合】1.we can not figure out ____quit a number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out .‎ ‎ A. that B. as C. why D. when ‎ ‎2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth ,___our astronauts desire to do is walk in space .‎ ‎ A. where B. what C. that D. How ‎3. Mary wrote an article on ____the team had failed to win the game .‎ ‎ A. why B. what C. who D. that ‎ 4. The place __ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest .‎ A. which; where B. at which ;which ‎ C. at which ;where D. which ;in which ‎ ‎5. The shopkeeper didn’t want to sell for __he thought was not enough .‎ ‎ A where B. how C. what D. which ‎ ‎6. A warm thought suddenly came to me ___I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday .‎ ‎ A. if B. when C. that D. which ‎ ‎7. See the flag on top of the building ? That was ___ we did this morning .‎ ‎ A when B. which C. where D. what ‎ ‎8． The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in ____is still a wasteland now .‎ ‎ A. what B. which C. that D. where ‎ ‎9．Many people wrote articles on ___Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event .‎ ‎ A. why B. what C. who D. that ‎ ‎10．The couple are spending their holiday on __is described as one of the most beautiful islands .‎ ‎ A. that B. what C. which D. where ‎ ‎11．The book is meant to ___needs it .‎ ‎ A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. whom ‎12.In his speech, Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is __it takes to keep a nation highly competitive . ‎ ‎ A. how B. what C. which D. that ‎ ‎13．The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth____ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress ‎ A. that what B. what C. that D. what that ‎14．___has recently been done to provide more buses for the people ,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem . ‎ ‎ A.That B.What C.In spite of what D.Though what ‎ ‎15.____is certain is ___prevention is more important than treatment .‎ ‎ A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what 参考答案和解析：‎ ‎1.【解析】C figure out后接宾语从句，根据从句要表达的意思“为什么很多昆虫，鸟，和动物在逐渐灭绝”‎ ‎2.【解析】B“our astronauts desire to do”是主语从句，从句中缺少do的宾语 ‎3.【解析】A“the team had failed to win the game”是词on的宾语从句，从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C.再根据句意 “为什么这个队没能赢”‎ ‎4.【解析】C“he bridge is supposed to be built”是定语从句，修饰名词place。“he cross-river traffic is the heaviest”组在句中做表语，表语从句引导词中没有in which，两空结合 ‎5.【解析】C.那位店主不愿意以他认为不够高的价格出售他的商品。本题考察宾语从句的用法。难度在于“he thought”的干扰。从句中缺少主语故选C. what ‎6.【解析】C.句意：我脑海中突然出现一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。本题考察名词性从句用法。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday .做A warm thought 的同位语从句。中间被suddenly came to me隔开，增加了试题难度。此外，部分考生由于对同位语从句和定语从句不分，故错选D为答案 ‎7.【解析】D表语从句中缺did的宾语。‎ ‎8.【解析】A “____is still a wasteland now .”做介词in的宾语从句，从句中缺主语句意为：政府已经宣布一座现代化的城市将在这片现在仍是废墟的地方建成。 ‎ ‎9.【解析】A“___Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event .”做介词on的宾语，宾语从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。另外that不引导介词的宾语从句（固定搭配除外），所以排除D。‎ ‎10【解析】B “__is described as one of the most beautiful islands .”宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，‎ ‎11.【解析】B whoever在宾语从句中做主语，部分学生，因为只看到介词to，误认为要添whomever做介词的宾语。‎ ‎12【解析】B “__it takes to keep a nation highly competitive .”做表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，构成 it takes sth to do sth 结构。‎ ‎13【解析】A本题句子结构比较复杂，“____ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做a truth的同位语从句，同位语从句中____ a nation loses in times of disaster为主语从句。本句共有两个从句，故有两个引导词。句意为“中华民族的经验证明了一个真理，即，一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。‎ ‎14.【解析】C “___has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做让步状语,而D. Though what错误,因为,一个单一的从句不能用两个连词引导.句意:尽管在为人们提供更多公交车这件事上,投入了很多,但是公交工具的缺乏,仍然是个问题.‎ ‎15【解析】B “____is certain”在句中做主语,主语从句缺少一个主语,需要用What; “___prevention is more important than treatment .”系表语从句,句意与结构完整,只有that,可以这样用。‎ 选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 (按ctrl 点击打开)‎