高考考点主从复合句

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高考考点主从复合句

主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)‎ ‎  【考点分析】‎ ‎  状语从句 ‎  1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;‎ ‎  2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;‎ ‎  3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;‎ ‎  4.till和until的用法;‎ ‎  5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;‎ ‎  6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;‎ ‎  7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;‎ ‎  8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;‎ ‎  9. in case引导的状语从句;‎ ‎  10.where引导的状语从句;‎ ‎  11.once引导的状语从句。‎ ‎  12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。‎ ‎  名词从句 ‎  1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;‎ ‎  2.名词从句的语序和时态;‎ ‎  3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;‎ ‎  4.宾语从句的否定转移;‎ ‎  5.whether和if的用法区别;‎ ‎  6.what在名词性从句中的使用;‎ ‎  7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;‎ ‎  8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;‎ ‎  9.连接词that的省略;‎ ‎  定语从句 ‎  1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;‎ ‎  2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;‎ ‎  3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;‎ ‎  4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;‎ ‎  5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;‎ ‎  6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;‎ ‎  7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;‎ ‎  8.含有插入语的定语从句;‎ ‎  9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。‎ ‎  【知识点归纳】‎ ‎  I.句子的种类 ‎  复习主从复合句时,我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。‎ ‎  按用途分 种 类 ‎ 类 型 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 陈述句 ‎ 肯定句 ‎ We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。‎ ‎ ‎ 否定句 ‎ They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。‎ ‎ ‎ 疑问句 ‎ 一般疑问句 ‎ Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗? ‎ Haven’t you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗? ‎ ‎ ‎ 特殊疑问句 ‎ Who is the man? 这人是谁?‎ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视?‎ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么?‎ ‎ ‎ 选择疑问句 ‎ Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡?哪种都行。‎ Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. ‎ 他学日语还是学法语?他学法语。‎ ‎ ‎ 反意疑问句 ‎ They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场,是吗?‎ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业,是吗?‎ ‎ ‎ 祈使句 ‎ 肯定句 ‎ Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。‎ ‎ ‎ 否定句 ‎ Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心,我会帮助你的。‎ ‎ ‎ 感叹句 ‎ what + 名词 ‎ What great changes we have had these years! ‎ 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!‎ What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀!‎ ‎ ‎ how + 形容词或副词 ‎ How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀!‎ How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀!‎ ‎ ‎ how +句子 ‎ How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀!‎ ‎ ‎ How + adj.+a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n ‎ How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊!‎ 按结构分 种类 ‎ 类型 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 简单句 ‎ 主+谓 ‎ They disappeared. 他们消失了。‎ ‎ ‎ 主+谓+宾 ‎ He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。‎ We help each other. 我们互相帮助。‎ ‎ ‎ 主+谓+间宾+直接宾 ‎ I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。‎ They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。‎ ‎ ‎ 主+谓+宾+宾补 ‎ They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。‎ I want everything ready by eight o’clock. ‎ 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。‎ ‎ ‎ 主+系+表 ‎ She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。‎ He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。‎ ‎ ‎ 并列句 ‎ 并列关系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but,‎ ‎ Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. ‎ 要么你来做,要么我请其他人来做。‎ ‎ Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. ‎ 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。 ‎ Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. ‎ 不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太重了。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 转折关系but,while(而,尽管)‎ nevertheless(然而;不过)‎ ‎ John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday.‎ ‎ 约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。‎ ‎ ‎ 选择关系or, otherwise or else, either…or ‎ We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.‎ ‎ 我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。‎ ‎ Either you come to my place or I go to yours. ‎ 或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。‎ ‎ ‎ 因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and so ‎ We had better stay at home, for it was raining. ‎ 我们最好呆在家里,因为天正在下雨。‎ He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.‎ 他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。‎ ‎ ‎ 复合句 ‎ 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。‎ ‎ 从句有:‎ 名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句)‎ 状语从句 定语从句 ‎(详细请看以下内容)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎  II.状语从句 ‎  状语从句是每年高考必考的内容,在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。‎ ‎  1.时间状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardly…when,‎ ‎  scarcely…when,no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,by the time,the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等 ‎  重点内容如下:‎ ‎  ①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句 ‎  ▲as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。‎ ‎  She came up as I was cooking.(同时)‎ ‎  The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)‎ ‎  ▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。‎ ‎  It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)‎ ‎  When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)‎ ‎  When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后发生)‎ ‎  ▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。‎ ‎  Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.‎ ‎  He fell asleep while/when reading.‎ ‎  Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”)‎ ‎  ②before状语从句的重点句型 ‎  ▲……之后……才:It was a long time before I got to sleep .‎ ‎  ▲不多久……就:It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.‎ ‎  ▲不等……就:Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.‎ ‎  ▲刚……就:He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.‎ ‎  ▲先……再:You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.‎ ‎  ③since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。‎ ‎  ▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不在生病了)‎ ‎  ▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了,他一直未来看我。‎ ‎  ▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.‎ ‎  自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)‎ ‎  ▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我们附近以来,我对他很了解。‎ ‎  ▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)‎ ‎  ▲It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.‎ ‎  我入伍已三年了。‎ ‎  ④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首,只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。‎ ‎  2.原因状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:as(由于),because(因为), since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)。‎ ‎  I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)‎ ‎  He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我,因为当时我不在那儿。‎ ‎  Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.‎ ‎  由于好些人都没到会,我们决定延期开会 ‎  Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.‎ ‎  既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧 ‎  As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.‎ ‎  由于病了,她没来参加晚会。‎ ‎  Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.‎ ‎  考虑到他们才刚刚学做,他们干得算很不错的了。‎ 重点内容如下:‎ ‎  ①because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,可与强调词only,just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.另外注意与not连用时否定的转移。He didn’t do such a thing because he was afraid of his wife.他并不是因为怕他的妻子才做这样的事。‎ ‎  Cf:He didn’t do such a thing,because he was afraid of his wife.因为怕妻子,他没有做这样的事。‎ ‎  because引导的从句可以被强调:‎ ‎  It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL ‎  ②as语气较弱,since语气也较弱,但比as正式一些,所说明的原因比较明显或是已知的事实,多用于口语中,所以不应该强调。常置于句首。‎ ‎  As all the seats were full,he stood there.‎ ‎  Since you are going,I’ll go,too.‎ ‎  ③for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词,它引导的是并列句,不是原因状语从句。‎ ‎  The day was short,for it was December.‎ ‎  3.地点状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。‎ ‎  Anywhere he went,he got warm welcome.‎ ‎  The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.‎ ‎  Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。‎ ‎  Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。‎ ‎  You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.‎ ‎  哪儿有问题,你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)‎ ‎  4.结果状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:that,so…that,so that(从句中不带情态动词),such…that,with the result that等。‎ ‎  注意以下几种结构:‎ ‎  ①so+adj/adv+that…‎ ‎  ②such(a/an+adj)+n+that…‎ ‎  ③so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that…‎ ‎  ④so many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…‎ ‎  注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。‎ ‎  This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that/as everyone wants to see it/(it).‎ ‎  He didn’t plan his time well so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.‎ ‎  他没把时间计划好,结果没按时完成这项工作。‎ ‎  We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.‎ ‎  我们走得匆忙,把门都忘了锁了。‎ ‎  The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.‎ ‎  这村子太小,所以这地图上没有。‎ ‎  Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much ‎  = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much ‎  Jenny是如此聪明的女孩,以至老师们都非常喜欢她。‎ ‎  I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.‎ ‎  我摔了许多跤,以至于浑身青一块紫一块 ‎  He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.‎ ‎  他朋友很少,所以经常感到孤独。‎ ‎  I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.‎ ‎  我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起 ‎  5.目的状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:so that,in order that,for fear that等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用。‎ ‎  (so that也可用来引导结果状语从句,但从句中不带情态动词)‎ ‎  Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.‎ ‎  我们坐前排吧,这样我们看得更清楚些。‎ ‎  School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.‎ ‎  早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。‎ ‎  He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.‎ ‎  他把名字写下省得忘了。(该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形,或省略should)‎ ‎  Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.‎ ‎  最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。‎ ‎  注意:so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后,in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。‎ ‎  6.条件状语从句 ‎  分为真实条件句和非真实条件句(用在虚拟语气中)。‎ ‎  表示条件的状语从句可以由if(如果),unless(除非), in case(万一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(条件是……)suppose(假设)supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中)‎ ‎  等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。‎ ‎  As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.‎ ‎  只要我们不灰心,我们就能找到克服困难的方法。‎ ‎  Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难,请给我们一个信儿。‎ ‎  If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.‎ ‎  如果你明早6点钟走,你最好现在就上床。‎ ‎  We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.‎ ‎  只要你能保持整洁,我们可以让你使用这个房间。‎ ‎  As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知,他是一个DNA专家。‎ ‎  He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.‎ ‎  他会接受这项工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。‎ ‎  Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?‎ ‎  假设我们弄不到足够的食物,那我们怎么办?‎ ‎  7.让步状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:although,though,as,even if, even though,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,‎ ‎  no matter+疑问词等。‎ ‎  We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.‎ ‎  我们就是失败十次也不泄气。‎ ‎  It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.‎ ‎  那是一场精彩的球赛,尽管一个球都没进。‎ ‎  Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信,这是真的。‎ ‎  However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵,我也要买下它。‎ ‎  Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他们是谁,别让他们进来。‎ ‎  No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说,他总认为是我错。‎ ‎  注意以下几点:‎ ‎  ①although,though引导让步状语从句时,主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。‎ ‎  He refuses help although he has many friends who want to offer all kinds of help.‎ ‎  ②as引导让步状语从句时,必须用前置结构,通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首,放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。‎ ‎  Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.(注意在child前不要用冠词)‎ ‎  Much as I like it, I won’t buy.‎ ‎  Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.‎ ‎8.方式状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:as,as if,as though,the way等。‎ ‎  Do it the way you were told.‎ ‎  注意以下几点:‎ ‎  ①as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加强语势。‎ ‎  I did it just as you told me.‎ ‎  ②as if和as though 引导的从句中,谓语常用虚拟语气,有时也用陈述语气。‎ ‎  ③连词while 和whereas 可表示对比。‎ ‎  Whereas he is rather lazy,she is quite energetic.‎ ‎  9.比较状语从句 ‎  由下列连词引导:as…as,not as…as,not so…as,than等(详情请参见【专题三】形容词和副词)。‎ ‎  10.注意状语从句中的省略现象 ‎  ①连接词+过去分词 ‎  Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.‎ ‎  ②连词+现在分词 ‎  Look out while crossing the street.‎ ‎  ③连词+形容词/其他 ‎  常见的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。‎ ‎  ④比较状语从句中的省略句。如:He arrived home half an hour earlier than (he had been)expected.‎ ‎  III.名词性从句 ‎  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎  引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类:‎ ‎  ①that(不充当从句的任何成分,无词义。只起连接作用,因此往往可以省略。)‎ ‎  whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分,均表示“是否”‎ 表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。)‎ ‎  as if,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)‎ ‎  ②what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which ‎  ③when, where, how, why ‎  Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。‎ ‎  What he said is not true.他说的不是实话 ‎  That he’ll come to see us is really great.他来看我们真是太好啦。‎ ‎  I don’t know why he is absent.我不知道为什么他不在。‎ ‎  The question is whether he will join us next time.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。‎ ‎  It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。‎ ‎  1.主语从句 ‎  ①由从属连词引导的主语从句:‎ ‎  Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.‎ ‎  那个国家是否应该建立核电站……‎ ‎  That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播 ‎  ②由连接代词引导的主语从句:‎ ‎  What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是……‎ ‎  Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书……‎ ‎  Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来……‎ ‎  ③由连接副词引导的主语从句:‎ ‎  When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞……‎ ‎  Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿……‎ ‎  How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……‎ ‎  ④关于形式主语 it ‎  ▲It + be +形容词+ that-从句 ‎  It is necessary that… 有必要……‎ ‎  It is important that…重要的是……‎ ‎  It is obvious that…很明显……‎ ‎  It is likely that….很可能 ‎  ▲It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 ‎  It is believed that…人们相信……‎ ‎  It is known to all that…众所周知……‎ ‎  (注意该句型的变式:It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.=As is known to all,the earth goes around the sun.=What is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.)‎ ‎  It has been decided that…已决定……‎ ‎  ▲It + be +名词+ that-从句 ‎  It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 ‎  It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……‎ ‎  It is a fact that…事实是……‎ ‎  可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。‎ ‎  ▲It +不及物动词+ that-分句 ‎  It appears that…似乎……‎ ‎  It happens that…碰巧……‎ ‎  It occurred to me that…我突然想起……‎ ‎  It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.‎ ‎  2.表语从句 ‎  可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等等。‎ ‎  The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.‎ ‎  ……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病 ‎  The question remains whether we can win the game…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛 ‎  That’s just what I want. ……我想要的 ‎  This is where our problem lies. ……我们的问题所在 ‎  The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人……‎ ‎  注意:‎ ‎  ①表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词,连接代词和连接副词引导以外,还可以由as, as if,as though引导 ‎  Things were not as they seemed.‎ ‎  It looks as though it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。‎ ‎  ②另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构:The reason why…is that … (而不用 because)‎ ‎  It ( This, That ) is because…‎ ‎  The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。‎ ‎  It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.‎ ‎  3.同位语从句 ‎  同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导,常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面,说明该名词的具体内容。‎ ‎  The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陆月球…….‎ ‎  I have no idea when he will be back. ……什么时候回来 ‎  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill……Mary也许病了 ‎  He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.……是否同意 ‎4.宾语从句 ‎  宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,介词的宾语,某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。‎ ‎  ①及物动词后的宾语从句:‎ ‎  She will give whoever needs help a warm support……任何需要帮助的人……‎ ‎  I wonder why she refused my invitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请 ‎  ②介词后的宾语从句:‎ ‎  I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。‎ ‎  The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。‎ ‎  ③某些形容词后的宾语从句:‎ ‎  I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.‎ ‎  ……通过努力工作,你将取得更大的进步 ‎  We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us…….他没有告别就走了 ‎  ④非谓语动词后的宾语从句:‎ ‎  Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.‎ ‎  On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”.‎ ‎  ⑤关于形式宾语it ‎  We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.‎ ‎  我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。‎ ‎  I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。‎ ‎  5.名词性从句重难点 ‎  ①在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如:‎ ‎  ▲Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?‎ ‎  A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put ‎  C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put ‎  ▲You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.‎ ‎  A.how they were excited B.how excited they were ‎  C.how excited were they D.they were how excited ‎  ②动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用that。‎ ‎  Do you doubt that he will win ?‎ ‎  I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .‎ ‎  He doubt whether I know it .‎ ‎  ③ 否定转移问题。‎ ‎  ▲将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移 ‎  I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。‎ ‎  I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。‎ ‎  We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?‎ ‎  注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。‎ ‎  I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。‎ ‎  ▲将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移 ‎  It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。‎ ‎  It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。‎ ‎  ④主谓一致问题。‎ ‎  What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.‎ ‎  What I bought were three English books.‎ ‎  ⑤语气问题 ‎  ▲在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构 ‎  I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。‎ ‎  ▲在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中 decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested, required等。‎ ‎  It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.‎ ‎  ▲在表语从句或同位语从句中 ‎  The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.‎ ‎  ▲在It is(was)+形容词+that从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should +)动词原形,表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential,important,natural,necessary,possible,strange,等。‎ ‎  It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language.(上海1993)‎ ‎  A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master ‎  ⑥What引导名词从句的特殊含义:‎ ‎  ▲What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.‎ ‎  (what为“所……的事”,相当于“the thing that…;all that…;everything that…”)‎ ‎  ▲After ________ seemed a very long time,I opened my eye and found myself in bed.(M ET'93)‎ ‎  A.what B.when C.that D.which ‎  (what相当于“the time that”,表示“……时间”)‎ ‎  ▲He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?‎ ‎  (what表示“……的人”,相当于“the person that…”)‎ ‎  ▲What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.‎ ‎  (what表示“……的地方”,相当于“the place that…”)‎ ‎  ▲Our income is now double what it was ten years ago ‎  (what表示“……的数目”,相当于“the amount /number that…”)‎ ‎  ⑦不可省略的连词:‎ ‎  ▲介词后的连词不可省略 ‎  Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.‎ ‎  下楼之前,我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。‎ ‎  ▲引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略 ‎  That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了,我们很高兴。‎ ‎  We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。‎ ‎  ▲宾语从句有多个that引导时,从第二个及其后面的that不能省略 ‎  I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.‎ ‎  ⑧比较:whether 与 if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:‎ ‎  ▲whether 引导主语从句在句首 ‎  Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me .她是否来与我无关。‎ ‎  ▲引导表语从句 ‎  His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。‎ ‎  ▲引导同位语从句 ‎  Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否来的问题。‎ ‎  ▲whether 从句作介词宾语 ‎  I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我担心是否伤了她的感情。‎ ‎  ▲与or not连在一起 ‎  I don’t know whether or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。‎ ‎  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it 充当形式主语。例如:‎ ‎  It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。‎ ‎  It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。‎ IV.定语从句 ‎  (一)基本概念 ‎  1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容,这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。‎ ‎  2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分。‎ ‎  关系词的分类和基本用法 ‎  表一 分类 ‎ 指代 ‎ 引导词 ‎ ‎ 关系代词 ‎ 人 ‎ who, whom, that, as ‎ ‎ 事物 ‎ which, that, as ‎ ‎ 人或物(表所属关系)‎ ‎ whose ‎ ‎ 关系副词 ‎ 地点 ‎ where ‎ ‎ 时间 ‎ when ‎ ‎ 原因 ‎ why ‎ ‎ 表二 ‎ 关系代词 ‎ 指代 ‎ 例句 ‎ 解释 ‎ ‎ who ‎ 人 ‎ The man who helped you is Mr White.‎ ‎ 在定从中作主语 ‎ ‎ whom ‎ That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.‎ ‎ 在定从中作宾语,可省略 ‎ ‎ whose ‎ He is the father whose son studies very well in our class.‎ ‎ 在定从中作定语 ‎ ‎ that ‎ I´m not the fool that you thought me to be.‎ ‎ 在定从中作表语 ‎ ‎ as ‎ He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.‎ ‎ 在定从中作宾语 ‎ ‎ that ‎ 事物 ‎ The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.‎ ‎ 在定从中作宾语 ‎ ‎ which ‎ A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words ‎ 在定从中作主语 ‎ ‎ whose ‎ He lives in a room whose window faces south ‎ 在定从中作定语 ‎ ‎ as ‎ It is such a big stone as nobody can lift.‎ ‎ 在定从中作宾语 ‎ ‎ 整句内容 ‎ As is known to all, he is the best student.‎ ‎ 在定从中作主语 ‎ ‎ 表三 ‎ 关系副词 ‎ 指代 ‎ 例句 ‎ 解释 ‎ ‎ when ‎ 时间 ‎ Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?‎ ‎ 在定从中作状语 ‎ ‎ where ‎ 地点 ‎ The house where they live is not very large.‎ ‎ 在定从中作状语 ‎ ‎ why ‎ 原因 ‎ This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.‎ ‎ 在定从中作状语 ‎ ‎ ‎  (二)定语从句的注意点 ‎  本部分的内容比较复杂,为便于考生一目了然,我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。‎ ‎  1.that与which, who, whom的用法区别 情 况 ‎ 用法说明 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 只用that的情况 ‎ ①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 ‎②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 ‎③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 ‎④先行词既指人又指物时 ‎⑤先行词被the only, the very修饰时 ‎⑥句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时 ‎ ①He told me everything that he knows.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②All the books that you offered has been given out.‎ ‎③This is the best film that I have ever read.‎ ‎④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.‎ ‎⑤He is the only man that I want to see.‎ ‎⑥Who is the man that is making a speech?‎ ‎ ‎ 只用which, who, whom的情况 ‎ ①在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人 ‎②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。‎ ‎③先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。‎ ‎ ①He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.‎ ‎②I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.‎ ‎③Those who respect others are usually respected by others.‎ ‎ ‎ 只用that,in which或不用关系词的情况 ‎ the way做先行词时 ‎ ①Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.‎ ‎②I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.‎ ‎③What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it.‎ A. the way B. in the way that ‎ C. in the way D. the way which ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.as、which和that的区别 从句 ‎ 区 别 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 限制性 定语从句中 ‎ 名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which ‎ He is not such a fool as he looks.‎ Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. ‎ ‎ ‎ 非限制性 定语从句中 ‎ as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。‎ ‎ They won the game, as we had expected.‎ They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.‎ As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.‎ ‎ ‎ the same... as和 the same ...that ‎ the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 ‎ That’s the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具,不是同一把)‎ That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. where、when与why引导的定语从句 ‎ 关系副词 ‎ 用 法 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ where ‎ 关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。‎ ‎ We’re just trying to teach a point___both sides will sit down together and talk.‎ A. where B. that C. when D. which ‎ ‎ when ‎ 关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。‎ ‎ There was ________time ________I hated to go to school.‎ A. a; that B. a; when ‎ C. the; that D. the ; when ‎ ‎ why ‎ 关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。‎ ‎ Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎  4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎  当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“‎ 介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:‎ 原则 ‎ 内 容 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 原则一 ‎ 根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定 ‎ I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction__________she had come.‎ A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which ‎[解析]此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,根据句意用from which表示“所来的那个方向”,故答案选[D]‎ ‎ ‎ 原则二 ‎ 根据先行词而定 ‎ There are two buildings , _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.‎ A. the larger B. the larger of them ‎ C. the larger one that D. the larger of which ‎[解析] the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ,which 在定语从句中指代 building,作介词of的宾语,故答案为[D]。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎  5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象 ‎  定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。‎ 现 象 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有:I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是:去掉插入语后,原句句法结构仍然完整。‎ ‎ ①---Is that the small town you often refer to? ‎ ‎--- Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years. ‎ A.that B. which C.where D.what ‎[解析] work是不及物动词,先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语,You know 在句中作插入语,所以答案选[C] 。‎ ‎②He made another wonderful discovery ,______of importance to science .‎ A.which I think is B. which I think it is ‎ C. which I think it D. I think is ‎[解析]这里I think 是插入语,which 引导非限制性定语从句,故选[A]。‎ ‎ ‎ 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语 ‎ There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。‎ 乍一看,that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面,似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想,” 不对啊, 天空怎么能象太阳呢?“,原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点 状语分隔开来,修饰中心词stars。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语 ‎ Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?‎ 你还记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链?‎ when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后 ‎ A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别 类 别 ‎ 区 别 ‎ 例 句 ‎ ‎ 定语从句 与 并列句 ‎ 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。‎ ‎ ①Mr Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer. ‎ ‎②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.‎ 从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;‎ ‎②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词 them。‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句 与 状语从句 ‎ 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。‎ ‎ This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. ‎ 这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为the place)‎ Let’s go where we can find a better job. ‎ 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词,只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。‎ ‎ Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)‎ It was already five o’clock when the class was over.‎ ‎=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. ‎ 当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)‎ ‎ ‎ When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时却不行。‎ ‎ This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. ‎ 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)‎ Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。(状语从句)‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。‎ ‎ It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。‎ ‎(as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)‎ It is such an interesting book that we all like it. ‎ 它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。‎ ‎(that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句 与 同位语从句 ‎ 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。‎ ‎ The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. ‎ 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句)‎ 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam ‎ 可以改写成表语从句:The news is that he passed the exam. ‎ The news that he told us interested all of us.‎ 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)‎ The news that he told us 是定语从句,此句不能改写为:The news is that he told us.‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句 与 强调句 ‎ 强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。‎ ‎ ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport. ‎ ‎②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works.‎ 从结构上看:‎ ‎①小题是强调句,故填 that。‎ ‎②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in,故填 where。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎  此外还要注意下列两点:‎ ‎  ▲定语从句与习惯句型 ‎  用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。‎ ‎  ①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai.‎ ‎  ②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life.‎ ‎  解析:这里①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为:It is/was the first/second ... time +that从句。故①填that,其意为:这是她第一次在上海。②小题the time是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填 when。‎ ‎  ▲定语从句与简单句 ‎  用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。‎ ‎  ①The mother told the lazy boy to work,_____ didn't help.‎ ‎  ②The mother told the lazy boy to work._____ didn't help.‎ ‎  解析:含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于:前者有主句,有从句,必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,显然应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which,前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It,代替前面的整个句子。解题时,注意标点符号的运用。‎ ‎  【高考预测】‎ ‎  1. ______ is known to us all is that Shenzhou VII has launched for the first spacewalk successfully.‎ ‎  A. That B. What C. It D. As ‎  2. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of _______ were from ‎  Fudan University and Tongji‎ ‎University.‎ ‎  A. them B. whom C. which D. those ‎  3.Most of us still wonder _______ it is _______ makes those honest peasant workers, without being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.‎ ‎  A. what; that B. /; what C. that; what D. /; that ‎  4. — Join us in the party tonight, would you?‎ ‎  — Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t, ______ I ______ the content of some reports with my boss.‎ ‎  A. for; have discussed B. because; will be discussing ‎  C. before; discussed D. when; will have discussed ‎  5.—I’m going to New York for further studies next term.‎ ‎  —Congratulations! ________ you’re there, can you keep me e-mailed?‎ ‎  A. As B. While C. Because D. If ‎  6. Probably no man had more effects on the daily lives of people in the United States ________ Henry Ford ________.‎ ‎  A. as; was B. than; was C. than; did D. as; did ‎  7. There are a lot of students in the reading room, most of with their eyes on and their heads bent over their books.‎ ‎  A.whom; fixing B.them; fixed C.whom; fixed D.them; fixing ‎  8. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.‎ ‎  A. where B. when C. that D. what ‎  9. Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is __________ makes a ‎ difference.‎ ‎  A. that B. what C. which D. whatever ‎  10. —Do you have any idea of rugby?‎ ‎  —Abosolutely. It is a sport ______ players hold the ball and run with it.‎ ‎  A. which B.when C.why D.where ‎  11. What was it _________ caused the modem nations to change their mind _________ they should help to preserve the Roma’s history?‎ ‎  A. /; why B. that; that C. that; / D. what; that ‎  12. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A.where B.which C.that D.when ‎  13. It was the very place _________ the soldiers fought over sixty years ago. ‎  A. that B. which C. where D. there ‎  14. Hardly ______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.‎ ‎  A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop ‎  C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop ‎  15. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced______ tractors in 1998 as the year before.‎ ‎  A. as many twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. twice as many as ‎  16. You can fly to UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.‎ ‎  A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as ‎  17. It’s the same in China---many people, _____some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets ‎  or taking weight-loss pills, ______ are often dangerous.‎ ‎  A. whose; which B. of which; who C. of whom; which D. who; that ‎  18. Is _________ 48 hours _________ the man-made satellite _________ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?‎ ‎  A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which ‎  19.Is _________ 48 hours _________ the man-made satellite _________ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?‎ ‎  A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which ‎  20. _____ occurred to me that the murder happened ____ a rainy day.‎ ‎  A. What; in B. What; on C. It; in D. It; on ‎21. The old man has a son and two daughters, ______ treating him well, ______ makes him sad.‎ ‎  A. none of them; which B. and none of whom; that ‎  C. none of whom; which D. and none of them; that ‎  22. Many experts hold the view ____ teachers’ development is _____the key to better education lies.‎ ‎  A. which; where B. which; what C. that; where D. that; which ‎  23. Was it in Disneyland, ______ many cartoon characters can be seen, ______ the film was set?‎ ‎  A. that; where B. that; when C. in which; where D. where; that ‎  24. the world economy is in difficulty, we can see, the people of China are full of hope.‎ ‎  A.As;/ B.Because;which C.Though;as D.With;/‎ ‎  25.The reason______ being late for the meeting was______ his little son fell ill this morning.‎ ‎  A. for, that B. why, that C. for, because D. why, because ‎  26._______ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on the head.‎ ‎  A. Since B. Before C. When D. Until ‎  27. What impresses me most is ______ he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.‎ ‎  A. what B. which C. that where D. that whenever ‎  28.______ I failed in English a third time, I had no doubt about my gift for foreign languages.‎ ‎  A. By the time B. Until C. After D. Unless ‎  29 In the past few years, “My Heart Will Go On” was a popular song among young people, __________ were often heard singing it at parties.‎ ‎  A. who B. which C. they D.that ‎  30.The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money for our research. 高.‎ ‎  A. whether B. that C. which D. what 高.考.资.源.网 ‎  31.Faced with trouble or difficulty,a person takes help that is available.‎ ‎  A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however ‎  32.____ you have expressed your determination , you should act immediately.‎ ‎  A. Now that B. Even though C. In order that D. Until ‎  33.You’d better give the task to_______ you think can finish it ahead of time.‎ ‎  A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. no matter who ‎  34.—It’s a long time __________I saw you last.‎ ‎  —Yes, and what a pity it is that it will be another year_______ we see each other again.‎ ‎  A. before;since B. since; when C.since;before D. when;before ‎  35.Japanese scientists said “Our dream is to create(clone)a mammoth(猛犸), it is a big dream.”‎ ‎  A. since B. because C. though D. however ‎  36.The disease outbreak had infected 65 people by last Monday, 19 have died.‎ ‎  A. with which B. of whom C. for whom D. in which ‎  37._________ a small number of Australians are bitten by spiders each year, most recover without any medical treatment.‎ ‎  A. While B. Unless C. When D. Because ‎  38.—Will you go to Mary’s birthday party?‎ ‎  —No. _____ invited, I can’t go. I’ll be too busy then.‎ ‎  A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. When ‎  39. annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.‎ ‎  A.How B.Why C.What D.Which ‎  40.—Do you think the weather will be all right this summer?‎ ‎  —No, _______ we’re lucky. The newspaper says it’ll be very hot anyway.‎ ‎  A. unless B. if C. though D. as ‎  41.—When shall Janet return to work?‎ ‎  —_________ she has totally recovered.‎ ‎  A. If B. Since C. When D. Until ‎  42.He had to be reminded two or three times ________ he could avoid making the same mistake.‎ ‎  A. before B. when C. until D. as ‎  43.I don't say I am against their plan. But the trouble is __ _ they do doesn't agree with what they say. 高.考.资.源.A. what that B. that what C. if what D. what if ‎  44.It was shortly after that serious accident happened ______ all the people involved were caught and questioned.‎ ‎  A. since B. that C. before D. when ‎  45.Lucy was having a holiday with her friend in a national park ____ she was bitten on the foot by a snake.‎ ‎  A. while B. since C. once D. when ‎  46.____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.‎ ‎  A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When ‎  47.The game is not very difficult you understand the roles.‎ ‎  A. until B. though C. once D. unless ‎  48.The conference aims to develop business and let people think about ______ they can have a positive influence on the planet.‎ ‎  A.why B.that C.what D.how ‎  4927.Honesty is a kind of quality and that’s it takes to communicate with others successfully.‎ ‎  A.what B.why C.how D.which ‎  50. It was the training _______he had at school _______made him good jumper.‎ ‎  A.what;what B.that;that C.what;that D.that;what ‎  【参考答案】‎ ‎  1-5BBABB 6-10CBCBD 11-15BBCDC 16-20BCDDD 21-25ACDCA ‎  26-30BDBAA 31-35AAACC 36-40BACCA 41-45CABBD 46-50ACDAB
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