高考英语动词时态和语态复习

高考英语动词时态和语态复习

高考英语动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 ‎ 1、动词时态考查要点简述 ‎ （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）‎ The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.‎ Water boils at 100oC.‎ ‎②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。‎ Ice feels cold.‎ We always care for each other and help each other.‎ ‎③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：‎ I know what you mean.‎ Smith owns a car and a house.‎ All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.‎ ‎④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。‎ If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。‎ ‎⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。‎ The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.‎ Tomorrow is Wednesday.‎ ‎（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。‎ ‎①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：‎ I met her in the street yesterday.‎ I once saw the famous star here.‎ They never drank wine.‎ I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.‎ ‎②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：‎ He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ‎ ‎③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。‎ The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.‎ He bought a watch but lost it.‎ ‎④常用一般过去时的句型：‎ Why didn’t you / I think of that?‎ I didn’t notice it.‎ I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.‎ I didn’t recognize him.‎ ‎（3）一般将来时考点分析。‎ ‎①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。‎ ‎②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。‎ We’ll die without air or water.‎ ‎③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。‎ ‎④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：‎ be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。‎ be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：‎ If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)‎ If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)‎ be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。‎ A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.‎ be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。‎ Autumn harvest is about to start.‎ ‎（4）现在进行时考点分析。‎ ‎①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：‎ It is raining now.‎ He is teaching English and learning Chinese.‎ I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.‎ We are leaving on Friday.‎ At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)‎ The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)‎ ‎②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。‎ ‎（5）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。‎ ‎①常用过去完成时的几种情况：‎ ‎（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.‎ ‎(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/‎ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。‎ ‎（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.‎ ‎（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.‎ ‎②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。‎ After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.‎ We arrived home before it snowed.‎ ‎（6）过去将来时考点分析。‎ 参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。‎ ‎（7）过去进行时考点分析。‎ ‎①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。‎ ‎②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。‎ ‎（8）现在完成时考点分析。‎ ‎①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。‎ ‎②下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时 ‎③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：‎ I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.‎ If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.‎ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ ‎（9）注意几组时态的区别：‎ ‎①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。‎ 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。‎ ‎②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。‎ 某些固定的句式中的时态 ‎【重点提示】在某些固定的句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。‎ 1） This / It is / will be the first / second ---time +that ‎ 从句一般用现在完成时，若主句be动词用was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。如：‎ This is the first time I have come here.‎ It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.‎ 1） It is / has been + 一段时间+since 从句。Since 从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改成was ，则since 从句中用过去完成时。如：‎ It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time .‎ ‎3) be about to do ---when ---意为“即将------（这时）突然------”。如：‎ ‎ I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.‎ ‎4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意为“正在干------（这时）突然------”。如：‎ ‎ They were playing football when Jack shouted in pain .‎ ‎5) Hardly had ---done ---when--- ; No sooner had --- done ---than---‎ ‎ when 和than 从句里也用过去时，表示“刚刚------就------”。如：‎ ‎ Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down .‎ ‎ No sooner had the villagers left the burning building than it fell down into pieces . ‎ ‎6) It + be +一段时间+before 从句 ‎ 该句式分两种情况：若主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；若主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：‎ ‎ It wont’ be long before he succeeds.(=He will soon succeed.)‎ ‎ It was ten years before they met again .(=They met again ten years later.)‎ 几种易混时态的辨析 1． 一般现在时：表示经常性的，习惯性的或者状态想的行为。（说明事实）‎ 现在进行时：表示具有进行性，未完成性和暂时性的特点（带有感情色彩）‎ eg： On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi.‎ ‎ This is not my coat, mine is hanging behind the door.2‎ ‎ 2．.一般过去时：所表达的事物与现在无关，侧重说明事实。‎ ‎ 现在完成时：强调现在的影响和结果。‎ ‎ I stayed in Beijing for five days ,then ,I went to the USA.‎ ‎ I have stayed in Beijing for five days and haven’t decided where to go next.‎ ‎ 3．一般过去时：表示发生在过去的动作或者过去存在的状态。‎ 过去进行时：表示过去某个时间点后者某个时间段正在做某事，具有进行性，未完成性和暂时性特点.。‎ ‎ I read a book last week.‎ ‎ ------Has Jack finished his work today ?‎ ‎ ------I have no idea. He was doing it this morning.‎ ‎ 4．一般过去时：‎ 过去完成时：（判断是否用过去完成时的几个步骤：‎ a． 先从时间轴上找到表示过去的时间或动作。然后判断在这之前是否还有另一动作 b． 判断该句是否强调动作先后关系）.‎ By the end of last month ,they had treated 3000 patients.‎ ‎ They treated 3000 patients last month.‎ ‎5. 完成时：强调动作的结果。‎ ‎ 完成进行时：强调动作的延续性。‎ ‎ eg：He has been writing articles for our newspaper these years, and he has written about 40 articles.‎ ‎2、被动语态考查要点简述 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。‎ ‎（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。‎ ‎①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。‎ My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.‎ I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.‎ ‎②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。‎ The boss made him work all day long.‎ He was made to work all day long(by the boss)‎ ‎③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。‎ The children were taken good care of (by her).‎ Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.‎ ‎④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。‎ ‎⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：‎ People say he is a smart boy.‎ It is said that he is a smart boy.‎ He is said to be a smart boy.‎ ‎ People know paper was made in China first.‎ It is known that paper was made in China first.‎ Paper was known to be made in China first.‎ 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …‎ ‎（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。‎ ‎①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。‎ ‎③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。‎ ‎④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。‎ ‎⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。‎ ‎⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。‎ ‎（3）主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎①‎ 当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。‎ This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。‎ These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。‎ My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。‎ The door won’t lock.门锁不上。‎ The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。‎ ‎②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。‎ The plan worked out successfully.‎ The lamps on the wall turn off.‎ ‎③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。‎ ‎④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.‎ The girl isn’t easy to get along with.‎ 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。‎ ‎（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。‎ ‎①be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。‎ ‎②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。‎ ‎③be lost迷路 ④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.‎ ‎（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：‎ The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)‎ The book is well sold.(系表结构)‎ Exercise.‎ ‎1. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy , who _____ without warning and bringing us presents .‎ A. always turns up B. has always turned up ‎ C. was turned up D. was always turning up ‎ ‎2.--- Did he notice you enter the room ?‎ ‎ --- I don’t think so . He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut .‎ A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened ‎ ‎3. --- Would you like to visit the temple ?‎ ‎ ---- If I _______ a week off.‎ A. will have B. had C. have had D. would have ‎ ‎4.---Look !How long _________ like this ?‎ ‎ --- Three weeks ! It’s usual here that rain ______ without stopping these days at sea.‎ A .has it rained ; pours B. has it been raining ; pours ‎ C. is it raining ; is pouring D. does it rain ; pours ‎5. I ____ to help you but I was not able to spare any time .I ____ a paper last night ‎ and I’ll finish it tonight .‎ A. wanted ;have been writing B. have wanted ; wrote ‎ C. had wanted ; wrote D. had wanted ; was writing ‎ ‎6. The price ______ , but I doubt whether it will remain so .‎ ‎ A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down ‎7. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____ the cloth _____ well .‎ A. have told ; washes B. have been told ; washes ‎ C. was told ; washed D. have been told ; is washed ‎ ‎8. The car ran down the hill , and the driver __, according to the newspaper , to have been killed. A.said B. was saying C. was said D. had been said ‎ ‎9..---Was that the first time _____ you ___ England’s coast .‎ ‎ --- Yes . It was .‎ A. ‎./ ; left B. when ; have left C. when ; had left D. / had left ‎ ‎10---Kate returned home yesterday .‎ ‎ --- Really ? Where ____?‎ A. has she been B. had she gone C. has she gone D. had she been ‎ ‎11.In such dry weather , the flowers will have to be watered if they ______.‎ A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive ‎12. The TV sets made by our factory sell best , but 10 years ago no one could have guessed the place in the markets that they _______ .‎ A. were having B. were to have C. had had D. had ‎ ‎13..I __violin lessons every two weeks , but I think I’ll make it every week from next month.‎ A. am having B. have had C. have D. have been having ‎ ‎14.---What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening ?‎ ‎ --- I ______ my homework and was starting to take a bath.‎ A. had just finished B. was finishing C. have already finished D. was going to finish ‎15.--- Your baby is too thin .‎ ‎ --- It could gain weight , but it _____ much .‎ A. doesn’t eat B. didn’t eat C. hadn’t been D. couldn’t eat ‎16..Please call again . Jim ______ a bath just now .‎ A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has ‎ ‎17. ---Why did you come by taxi?‎ ‎ --- My bike broke down last night and I ____ it repaired .‎ ‎ A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. won’t have D. haven’t had ‎ ‎18. I don’t really work here . I _____until the new secretary arrives .‎ A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out ‎ ‎19..You _____ television . Why not do something more active?‎ A. always watch B. are always watching ‎ C. have always watched D. have always been watching ‎ ‎ 20..--- Can you drive on the free way , Mr. Green ?‎ ‎--- You can when you ____ a bit more skilled .‎ A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get ‎ ‎ 21. I _____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ___ yet.‎ A. arrived ; hadn’t come B. was arriving ; hadn’t come ‎ C. arrived ; hasn’t come D. had arrived ; didn’t come ‎ ‎ 22.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? It will ___ fresh for several days .‎ A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed ‎ ‎ 23. The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it .‎ A . had cried ; lost B. cried ; had lost ‎ C. has cried ; has lost D. cries ; has lost ‎ ‎ 24. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child .‎ A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame ‎ ‎ 25. Rainforests ____ and burned at such a great speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future .‎ A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been out ‎ 完成句子 ‎1.The crazy fans _________patiently for two hours, and they would wait until the star arrived.(wait)‎ 疯狂的粉丝们耐心的等待了两个小时，他们会一直等直到偶像出现。‎ ‎2. The exhibition halls for EXPO, which will be a feast for the eyes, _________________ in Shanghai. (construct)‎ ‎ 即将成为视觉盛宴的世博展览厅正在上海修建之中。 ‎ ‎3 . When I arrived, the plan ___________________.（carry）‎ ‎ 当我到达的时候，计划正在实施。‎ ‎4．The witness _______(被指控) offering false information to the court when questioned. (accuse)‎ 当被问到的时候，目击者被指控在法庭上提供非真实信息。‎ ‎5. By the time they got back to the camp, they ______________ water. (run) ‎ 到他们返回到营地时，他们已经用完了水。‎ ‎6. The film star spent a lot of money _________new computers. (equip)‎ 这个电影明星花了很多钱给这所学校配备了新电脑。‎ ‎7.If he stays here longer, he ________________________such strange fruit by the next month. （accustomed）‎ 要是他在这呆久点，到下个月的时候他就会适应吃这么奇怪的水果了。‎ ‎8. This kind of kite made of silk _____________ , so don’t worry about it.(tear)‎ 这种风筝是由不容易撕破的丝绸制作而成，所以不用担心。‎ ‎9．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly ____________ more fruit and vegetables. (persuade)‎ 如果说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜，死于心脏病人的数量将会大大减少。‎ ‎10．Even in those most difficult times we still believed that our goal ______ (achieve)‎ 即使在艰难的时期，我们仍然相信我们的目标会实现。‎ ‎11. More and more high school graduates from China __________key universities overseas nowadays. (admit)‎ 近来越来愈多的中国高校毕业生被录取进入海外重点大学。‎ ‎12．The first time I went to visit him, he ___________ with a neighbor. (happen)‎ 第一次我拜访他的时候，他碰巧在跟一位邻居聊天。‎ ‎13．Some books are ___________，others to be swallowed ,and some few to be chewed and digested．（taste）‎ 一些书是用来品尝的，还有一些是用来咽下的，还有一些少数是用来咀嚼和消化的。‎ ‎14. I will make an apology to you if I hurt you. To be honest, I _____ anyone.(intend) ‎ 如果我伤害了你，我向你道歉。说实话，我没想过伤害任何人。‎ ‎15. He ____________ this time yesterday .(write) ‎ 他昨天这个时候正在写一封信。‎ ‎16. Rainforests _________ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear in the near future.(cut)‎ 雨林在以这样的速度砍伐和焚烧以致它们将会在不久的将来消失。‎ ‎17. At present e-mail, as well as telephones, ________in daily communication. (play)‎ 当前，电子邮件和电话一起在日常交流中正发挥重大作用。‎ ‎18. I really admire her because she _______________ those kids on her own. (bring)‎ 我的确佩服她，因为她全靠自己把那些孩子抚养大了。‎ ‎19．I'm afraid I can't attend your birthday party at 5 pm next Monday．I _________ to London long before then．（fly）‎ 我恐怕不能参加你下周一五点的生日晚宴了，那个时候我应该早已飞到london了。‎ ‎20. ___________to raise the temperature of a liter of pure water by 1 degree centigrade? (take)‎ 把一升纯净水的温度升高一摄氏度需要消耗多少能量？‎ ‎ How much energy does it take