高考英语完形填空篇命题分析与应试策略

高考英语完形填空篇命题分析与应试策略

命题分析与应试策略 ‎ 完形填空是高考英语试卷中客观性试题的主要组成部分，也是考生觉得难度较 ‎ 大、得分率较低的一种综合性题型。它全面考查考生的语法运用能力、阅读理解能 ‎ 力、逻辑分析能力及判断能力。完形填空是在一篇短文中人为地挖去若干单词和短 ‎ 语，要求考生通过阅读全文，掌握文章大意，并运用所学知识在限定时间内从所给的 ‎ 选项中选出使文章的意思通顺、结构完整、逻辑合理的最佳选项。 ‎ 命题分析 ‎ 一、完形填空的命题特点 ‎ ‎ 2006年各地高考英语试卷的完形填空题基本遵循了突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际的设题思路。试题特点鲜明———考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，并检验考生在语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。 ‎ ‎ 研究近几年的完形填空，可以看出有以下特点： ‎ ‎1 选材特点 ‎ ‎ （1）体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和议论文为辅。短文有明确的主题（如：2006年全国卷II的完形填空讲述的是我离家上大学，信件帮大忙），全文围绕这个主题展开，内容完整，结构严谨，层次分明，逻辑性强。材料难度与高三教材相当。 ‎ ‎ 表一2005、2006年高考完形填空的体裁与题材统计表 序 号 试卷名称 体裁 题材 ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎1‎ 全国卷I 记叙文 夹叙夹议 饭店吃饭被误认为通缉犯 海水中饮酒，打破常规 ‎2‎ 全国卷II 记叙文 记叙文 饭店吃饭被误认为通缉犯 离家上大学，信件帮大忙 ‎3‎ 北京 记叙文 夹叙夹议 母子间无私的爱，互买心爱之物 学会坦然接受，使我受益匪浅 ‎4‎ 天津 记叙文 记叙文 划船遇涨潮，幸被大风吹到岸边 海地之行，对儿子触动很 大 ‎5‎ 重庆 记叙文 夹叙夹议 开车遇到不速客，养蜂人一举两得 顽强意志使小女孩恢复健康，重返校园 ‎6‎ 辽宁 记叙文 记叙文 南极探险失望而归, 舍身救同伴精神可嘉 打工生涯使我与主人家关系密切 ‎7‎ 江苏 记叙文 记叙文 丈夫遭遇不幸，世人给予鼓励 小小的错误可以让人陷入严重的困窘之中 ‎8‎ 浙江 记叙文 议论文 咖啡馆遇游戏迷，发人深思 不满妻子迟迟未到,愤然离去，引出耐心等候是一种美德 ‎9‎ 湖北 说明文 夹叙夹议 战地记者的工作 激励的话语激人奋进，多年来难以忘怀 ‎10‎ 湖南 记叙文 记叙文 搬家到新环境，感受大自然 帮助他人，赢得尊重与快乐 ‎（2）从题材方面来看，选材新颖、时尚，将知识、文化、教育融为一体，符合中学生 ‎ ‎ 的阅读兴趣。题材广泛，反映了现代科学带来的新现象和新事物，反映了现代英语运 ‎ ‎ 用的特点，考生读起来熟悉、亲切、自然。这样的材料具备现实生活真实性的特点，更 ‎ ‎ 能考查考生的语言综合运用的能力。 ‎ ‎ 2设空特点 ‎ ‎ 设空密度在10-15个单词之间，首句一般不设空，被称为题眼。首句常常开篇明义，点出文章的主题或提供重要的背景信息。 ‎ ‎ 3 强调语境，侧重辨析 ‎ ‎ 语法不再是考查的重点，语境能力*成为主要的考查对象。所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，这就要求考生根据对语篇的整体理解来理顺思路，同时注意上下文的内在联系，瞻前顾后，通过语境做出选择。考点主要集中在词语搭配、惯用法、句法以及语境理解等方面。 ‎ ‎4考查以实词为主，虚词为辅 ‎ ‎ 这和完形填空重视语境有关。在通常情况下，只有实词才能较好地突出词汇的语境化。其中，实词（动词、名词、形容词和副词等）的词义辨析是重点考查内容。 ‎ ‎ 表二 2005、2006年高考完形填空的考点设置统计表 ‎ 序 号 试卷名称 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 代词 合计 ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎05‎ ‎06‎ ‎20‎ ‎1‎ 全国卷I ‎9‎ ‎6‎ ‎6‎ ‎6‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎4‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎20‎ ‎2‎ 全国卷II ‎9‎ ‎7‎ ‎6‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎6‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ 北京 ‎9‎ ‎6‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ 天津 ‎9‎ ‎7‎ ‎2‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎5‎ 重庆 ‎9‎ ‎11‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎6‎ 辽宁 ‎9‎ ‎7‎ ‎2‎ ‎5‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎7‎ 江苏 ‎5‎ ‎7‎ ‎5‎ ‎6‎ ‎5‎ ‎2‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎8‎ 浙江 ‎6‎ ‎6‎ ‎3‎ ‎6‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎9‎ 湖北 ‎7‎ ‎9‎ ‎5‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎10‎ 湖南 ‎8‎ ‎8‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 从表格中我们可以清晰地看到，对于虚词的考查相当少，所以我们要重点掌握实词的含义与用法。 ‎ 二、完形填空的命题趋势 ‎ ‎1 阅读难度越来越大 ‎ ‎（1）词汇量逐年增加，现在每篇文章的词数一般在300词左右。生词量有增无减，影响了阅读的速度，使考生出现理解偏差或理解困难，从而降低了答题的正确率。 ‎ ‎（2）长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。在句子上突出了对行文逻辑及理解能力的考查，在选材上主要表现为长句、复合句增多，句子结构复杂化（如：定语从句、状语从句、插入语等），句式多样化（如：陈述句、祈使句、省略句、疑问句、感叹句等），极大地增加了阅读难度，限制了考生的阅读速度。‎ ‎2考查的词汇越来越丰富 ‎ ‎（1）由考查考生熟悉的词汇转向考查所有词汇 ‎ ‎ 考查的词汇的范围在不断扩大，要求掌握的词汇均有在高考中出现的可能。单词的复现率很低。所以考生要扩大自己的词汇量，尤其要注意掌握一些一词多义类的词汇。如：fiction 除指小说外，还可以表示虚构。 ‎ ‎（2）由考查功能性词汇转向考查语意性词汇 ‎ ‎ 原来在试卷中多要求考生填写冠词、介词等功能词，这种考法现在已经很少出现了，但在语境中考查词义辨析的题目越来越多。 ‎ ‎（3）由同义异形向同形异义转化 ‎ ‎ 原来在试卷中多出现考查同义异形的词汇，但从2006年的各地高考试卷来看，这种考法均已见不到了，而是向考查同形异义的词汇的方向转化。 ‎ ‎ 3单一理解向整篇理解发展 ‎ ‎ 理解趋向复合化，语篇层次的设问和语篇的语意辨析越来越多，单凭空格前后的内容或其所在句子来判断选项已经显然不够，需要根据上下文的意思来判断，有时甚至要联系整段或者整篇的内容才能做出正确选择。 ‎ 应试策略 一、能力培养 ‎ ‎ 具体来说，完形填空对考生提出了以下几个方面的要求： ‎ ‎1有扎实的英语语法知识和相当丰富的词汇量 ‎ ‎ 高考英语试卷中的完形填空试题并不直接考查语法知识，但是，解答试题的前提是读懂文章，而读懂文章就必须具有扎实的语法知识。如果考生不理解句子的结构及其要表达的意思，就无法选择符合文章内容的答案。完形填空不直接考查语法知识，而是通过检测考生的理解能力间接地进行考查。考生的词汇量越丰富，语法知识越扎实，阅读速度就越快，理解也会更全面和深刻。 ‎ 典例1 The obvious explanation is that I could not admit I had seen the title 54__ admitting ‎ that I had been looking at the things on his desk. （06年江苏卷） ‎ ‎54 A‎. by B. besides C. through D. without 解析D 通过对句子的分析可以看出这是一个含有三个从句的句子。首先是that I could not admit I had seen the title这个表语从句，其次是I had seen the title这个宾语从句，第三个是that I had been looking at the things on his desk 这个宾语从句。弄清楚了句子结构，就能理解句意明显的解释就是（如果）我不承认看了桌子上的东西，就不能承认我看到了题目。故本题答案为D。 ‎ ‎2快速通览全文，理解文章主旨要义 ‎ ‎ 从某种意义上来说，完形填空题是为阅读理解服务的，它要求考生具有快速阅读文章尤其是跳读的能力，要有整体观，通过快速浏览全文掌握主旨要义。考生对文章内容理解得越全面，那么他理解得就越深刻；考生的英语语感越强，做题的正确率就越高，而这种能力的培养是通过平时的大量阅读科学训练出来的。 ‎ ‎3把握篇章结构，找准主题 ‎ ‎ 考生只有把握文章结构，了解各部分之间的关系，才能加深对文章的整体理解。换句话说，考生应对全文有一个清晰的思路，明白文章各部分是为了表达同一个主题，这样在略读时就更容易把握设空句子的真正含义，答题时就会得心应手了。 ‎ 典例2 The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 36__ from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 37__, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides（自杀）every year by children under 15, and one child 38__ five needs psychiatric（心理） advice.（06年广东卷） 36. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive 37. A. As usual B For instance C. In fact D. In other words 38. A. by B. in C. to D. under 解析36.C, 37.B, 38.B首句说的是第三世界儿童的状况；第二句话作者笔锋一转，开始说富裕国家儿童的状况，由此我们可知要说明的是世界儿童的状况。 ‎ ‎4根据线索捕捉相关信息，进行推理判断和分析归纳 ‎ ‎ 考生应具有情景推理判断、常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理判断等方面的能力。这些能力的发挥，有助于考生抓住文章的主题思想，加深对文章深层含义的理解，从而更容易完成完形的任务，恢复文章的原貌。 ‎ 典例3 Before setting out, I told Barrett this trip would be tiring and 17__. For the first two days, he said almost nothing. I worried the trip was too 18___ for a 17-year-old. Then, on day three, as we were 19___ over high rocky mountains, he turned to me and grinned（咧嘴笑）， “pretty hard.” （06年天津卷） ‎ ‎17. A. rough B. dangerous C. troublesome D. violent ‎18. A. little B. much C. fast D. slow 19. A. moving B. running C. climbing D. looking 解析 17.A, 18.B 19. C 从下文he turned to me and grinned（咧嘴笑）及pretty hard可知这次旅行是很艰难的，故第17题应该选rough（口头语，意为艰难的，难受的）。第18 题选much，构成be too much for sb…意为非某人能力所能及。第19题可根据语境爬到山顶推知此处应选climb，它与后面的mountains搭配，意为爬山。 ‎ 二、解题方法与高分策略 ‎ ‎1浏览全文，抓准主旨 ‎ ‎ 有的考生总是急于求成，认为通读全文会浪费时间，故边读边选，结果就句论句，无法形成连贯的思路，理解偏离文章的中心，欲速则不达。考生应学会浏览全文。在此过程中，考生可不看选项，跳读全文，把握文章的整体结构，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尤其要注意文章首句，它往往是文章的题眼 和透视文章全貌的窗口。‎ 典例4 Since my family were not going to be helpful, I decided I would look for one all by myself and not tell them about it till I’d got one. ‎ 解析 通过该文章第一段的内容，我们可以对全文进行比较准确的定位：本文是记叙文，由于家人不能帮助自己找工作，作者决定自己找一份工作，此篇正是叙述作者初次找工作的经历。 ‎ ‎2细读全文，透析文意 ‎ ‎（1）注意内在联系 ‎ ‎ 断章取义，就题论题，忽略上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的错误。考生在解题时应学会在第一遍浏览全文时，快速储存上下文信息，在做题时充分利用此类信息，找准目标。 ‎ ‎（2）克服思维定式 ‎ ‎ 有些考生看到一些选项似乎和文意相符，便不假思索地去做题。如果对特定的语境或句子结构不作深入理解的话，很容易导致思维定式错误的产生。 ‎ 典例5 Once, she was wondering how to complete a 48__ set in ancient China.‎ ‎48. A. description B. painting C. scene D. talk 解析 C 有的考生一看选项就直接选了A，认为作者在考虑如何完成对古代中国的一次描述。事实上，该题答案为C。全句意思是：有一次，她正不知怎样完成一个设定在古代中国的场面。scene场面，而description不能与后面的分词短语搭配。 ‎ ‎（3）重逻辑，挖文意 ‎ ‎ 有些考生做完题后自我感觉不错，但最终结果却不尽如人意，原因在于他们仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了深层含义。 ‎ ‎（4）注意英汉差异 ‎ ‎ 出题者深知考生在英语学习过程中的弱点，故往往从母语的角度设置干扰项来增加试题难度，以此来考查考生的基本功和灵活运用语言的能力。 ‎ 典例6 “They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are 30__ damage to our houses and shops of historical interests, ” said John Norris, one of the protesters.‎ ‎30. A.. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 解析A 这句话的意思是说：那些重型卡车不但使人们夜晚难以入睡，而且还对我们的具有历史意义的房屋和商店造成破坏。对……造成破坏在英语中有一固定搭配 do damage to…。许多考生误选了producing，这显然是受汉语思维的影响。 ‎ ‎3 检查验证，理清逻辑 ‎ ‎ 做完一篇完形填空后，考生应把空白处补全，然后再通读一遍，抓住文章的脉络、 主旨。如果还是似懂非懂，则需重新验证答案，在仔细推敲后最终确定答案。当然如果确实很难确定最佳选项的话，最好保留最初的选择，即尊重6第一感觉6。 ‎ 三、注意平时的练习方法 ‎ ‎ 有人说，得阅读者得天下，其实完形填空也不例外。要想在做完形填空时取得高分，需要扎实的语法功底和良好的阅读习惯。培养良好的阅读习惯应做到： ‎ ‎ 1要以意群、语意为单位读，不要逐词逐句地读； 2 要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇读或无声心读； 3 要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读； 4要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译； 5要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典； 6逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。 ‎ ‎ 对于完形填空，高三考生的训练量应保持在每周6篇文章，每次完成3篇，时间控制在每篇15分钟左右。另外，做题之后要注意总结，并辅以必要的语法书作查漏补缺之用。只要经过科学的训练，相信同学们会取得长足的进步。 ‎ 专题突破 记叙文 ‎ 一、记叙型完形填空的命题趋势 ‎ ‎ 分析近几年全国及各省市的高考试题，我们不难看出高考完形填空的体裁以记叙文为主且呈以下发展趋势： ‎ ‎1首句完整，线索清晰 ‎ ‎ 一般来说，完形填空首句中会包含人物身份和事件发生的时间、地点等重要信息，并且不设空。 ‎ ‎2叙述灵活，侧重语境 ‎ ‎ 文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章都是作者在描述事件，较少加入自己的观点或评论。另外，记叙型完形填空中常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换或语气上的差异，这就增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的考查，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境来辨析词语并做出选择这一考查目的。 ‎ ‎3考查以实词为主，虚词为辅 ‎ ‎ 记叙型完形填空篇幅不长，行文始终紧扣中心话题，形成一个主题连续体。考查重点集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词上。 ‎ 二、应试技巧 ‎ ‎1重视首句，开篇明义 ‎ ‎ 从历年高考试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设空，而且它往往是整篇文章的 ‎ 主旨句，这就为考生理解文章的内在联系提供了一个& 窗口&，所以考生应充分重视 ‎ 首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，并据此进行拓展思维。 ‎ 典例1 On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in 36__air. Crowded. tempers（脾气） of both the tourists and waiters had 37__ to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment（环境）（06年全国卷I） 36. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin ‎37. A. managed B. expected C. attempted D. risen 解析36. C考查语境理解。由首句可知故事背景是一个炎炎夏日，所以给人的感觉应该是很热，因此就空气而言，用不流动的still比较恰当。37. D考查语境理解。前句从天气的状况给人以暗示：天气热，导致人情绪不好。因此游客与服务员的脾气上升符合当时的情形。 ‎ ‎2通读全文，把握大意 ‎ ‎ ‎ 在看选项之前要先把文章通读一遍，遇到不甚明白的地方先跳过去，接着往下读，全力以赴捕捉重要信息。通读时，要重点把握文章中所叙述的人物、时间、地点和事件，同时对空格中要填入的词作试探性的猜测，为下一步选择答案做好准备。 ‎ ‎3 利用语境，揣摩作者的心态 ‎ ‎ 高考完形填空题逐渐朝着深层化和语境化的方向发展，因此考生要借助上下文乃至全文语境揣摩作者的心态。 ‎ 典例2 It was a bright spring afternoon when Freda told me she wouldn’t need me any more. I had just finished my four-hour work — 36__ up and down the stairs of her three-storey home cleaning the floor and washing the dishes. She was 37__ jeans and a sweater, sitting at the table I had just ‎38__, a pile of papers spread around her. Her husband’s 39__ was going to be reduced by thirty percent, and they were trying to live as if it had 40__ happened. I felt sorry for her, but also felt a sense of 41__. （06年辽宁卷） ‎ ‎36. A. stepping B. coming C. jumping D. moving ‎ ‎37. A. hanging B. making C. wearing D. changing ‎38. A. cleaned B. washed C. swept D. brushed ‎39. A. duty B. money C. work D. pay ‎40. A. already B. seldom C. never D. yet ‎41. A. regret B. surprise C. fear D. loss 解析36. D 考查生活常识。作者在打扫房间时应该是5来回走动5的，所以用moving 37. A考查词语辨析。指当时Freda的穿着打扮。 ‎ ‎38.A考查语境理解。结合上一句的… cleaning the floor…可推知A项正确。39.D考查逻辑推理。男主人的工资pay 即将减少30%，所以才决定辞退作者。 ‎ ‎ 40.A 考查语境理解。从as if it had 40__ happened判断，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，意思是说：尽管 Freda的丈夫的工资目前还未减少，但他们已经在尽力节省了，仿佛事情已经发生了。 ‎ ‎41.D 考查语境理解。后文说我在Freda家工作了五年时间，与这个家的关系很好。故可以判断在不得不离开时，作者心里有一种失落感。 ‎ ‎4理清线索，把握方向 ‎ ‎ 记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序叙述（有时也用倒叙）。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。 ‎ 好题调研 Cloze 1 （06年湖南卷） ‎ I returned to Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, after graduation. I had been there before my mother became a minister. Two weeks later, I told my mother I was bored. She said, “Here’re the car keys. Go and buy some fruit.” 1__, I jumped into the car and speeded off.‎ Seeing me or rather my 2__, a boy sprang up（跳起来），3__ to sell his bananas and peanuts. “Banana 300 naira. Peanut 200 naira!” Looking at his black-striped bananas, I 4__ to 200 total for the fruit and nuts. He 5__ . I handed him a 500 naira note. He didn’t have 6__ , so I told him not to worry. He was 7__ and smiled a row of perfect teeth.‎ When, two weeks later, I 8__ this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9__ this country as the son of a 10___. But it was hare to find pleasure in a place where it was so 11___ to see a little boy who should have been in school selling fruit.‎ ‎“What’s up?” I asked. He answered in 12___ English, “I … I no get money o buy book.” I took out two 500 naira notes. He looked around 13___ before sticking his hand into the car 14___ the bills. One thousand naira means a lot to a family that 15___ only 50,000 each year.‎ The next morning, security officers told me, “In this place, when you give a little, people think you’re a fountain of opportunity（机会）.” 16__ it’s right, but this happens everywhere in the world. I wondered if my little friend had actually used the money for 17___. After six months’ work in northern Nigeria, I returned and saw him again standing on the road. “Are you in school now?” He nodded. A silence fell as we looked at each other, then I 18___ what he wanted. I held out a 500 naira note. “Take this.” He shook his head fiercely and stepped back 19__ hurt. “It’s a gift.” I said. Shaking his head again, he handed me a basket of bananas and peanuts. “I’ve been waiting to 20___ these to you.”‎ ‎1. A. Encouraged B. Disappointed C. Delighted D. confused ‎2. A. car B. mother C. driver D. keys 3. A. willing B. afraid C. eager D. ashamed ‎4. A. got down B. bargained down C. put down D. took down ‎5. A. explained B. promised C. agreed D. admitted ‎6. A. change B. notes C. checks D. bills 7. A. troubled B. regretful C. comfortable D. grateful ‎8. A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to 9. A. protect B. enjoy C. help D. support ‎10. A. minister B. headmaster C. manager D. president 11. A. lucky B. amazing C. funny D. common ‎12. A. old B. broken C. traditional D. modern 13. A. proudly B. madly C. curiously D. nervously ‎14. A. for B. with C. at D. upon 15. A. spends B. pays C. makes D. affords ‎16. A. possibly B. actually C. certainly D. fortunately 17. A. joys B. nuts C. books D. bananas ‎18. A. asked B. imagined C. reminded D. realized 19. A. when B. as if C. even if D. after ‎20. A. send B. provide C. sell D. give ‎ 语篇定位 这是一篇记叙型完形填空，作者通过描写自己与一位小男孩的偶然相遇以及对他的帮助告诉世人：爱是相互的，有付出就有回报。 ‎ 思路导引 作者通过描写买水果、资助小男孩上学及小男孩回报这三件事，把整篇文章串起来。 ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. C 考查语境理解。从后句I jumped into the car and speeded off 可知我非常高兴，用 delighted。 ‎ ‎2. A考查语境理解。上文提到我开车去买水果，所以当小男孩看到我 ，更确切地说是看到?我?的汽车，他跳了起来。 3. C 考查词语辨析及上下文语境。从上文小男孩的动作可知他非常渴望把香蕉和花生卖给作者，此处用 eager。 4. B考查生活常识。作为买主，在与小商贩打交道时，通常需要砍价。用bargain down讨价还价? 符合语境。 5. C 考查词语辨析及逻辑推理。双方讨价还价，卖方最后同意买方所出的价钱时，才可能成交，买方也才可能给他钱。 6. A考查语境理解。上句说我递给他一张500奈拉的纸币，但是前文告诉我们作者买他的香蕉和花生共需要200奈拉，所以小男孩应该找给作者零钱change。 7. D考查语境理解。根据% 他找不开我的钱，我安慰他，不让他着急以及后文的 smiled a row of perfect teeth可以判断小男孩很感激。 8. B考查固定搭配。句意为：我又与他不期而遇了，四个备选项中只有run into有此意义。 ‎ ‎9. B考查语境理解。从第一段提到作者是部长的儿子和第五段的 But it was hard to find pleasure可知作者应该是喜欢自己的国家（享受眼前的生活）的，但是卖水果的小男孩的遭遇（支付不起学费）让他感觉不到快乐。 ‎ ‎10. A考查语境理解。上文中提到I had been there before my mother became a minister由此可知答案为A。 ‎ ‎11. D考查词语辨析。此处说的是男孩因家庭贫困无法接受教育，为了生计不得不在外卖水果，这种现象很普遍。前面it was hard to find pleasure in a place也有暗示。 ‎ ‎12. B 考查词语辨析。从小男孩的答语可知他说话结结巴巴。broken不流利的符 合题意。 ‎ ‎13. D考查生活常识。如果一个人在做某件事情前先四下看一下，说明他紧张不安，恐怕被他人看到。答案为D ‎ ‎14. A 考查介词搭配。男孩向车里伸手，其目的就是拿作者给他的钱。for为了得到。 ‎ ‎15. C考查词语辨析。一千奈拉对于每年收入仅仅五万奈拉的家庭来说意味着很多。本题所给四个选项中，只有 make有获得，挣得之意。 16. A考查行文逻辑。but引出的句子表示转折，由此我们可以推测作者认为security officers所说的可能是对的。答案为A。 17. C考查语境理解。上文提到小男孩说没钱买书，我资助了他1000奈拉。现在我想知道他是否真的用这些钱买书了。 18. D考查词语辨析。短暂的沉默之后，作者以为小男孩又来要钱，却不好意思开口。用realized意识到符合题意。 19. B考查行文逻辑。作者掏出500奈拉给小男孩，而他却往后退，好像受到了伤害似的。 20. D考查词语辨析。小男孩受过作者的恩惠，想把水果和花生送给作者作为报 答。A项通常指不当面给，所以不能选。答案为D。 ‎ Cloze 2 （06年湖北卷） ‎ In the city of Fujisawa, Japan, lives a woman named Atsuko Saeki. When she was a teenager, she 1___ of going to the United States. Most of what she knew about American 2___ was from the textbooks she had read. “ I had a 3___ in mind: Daddy watching TV in the living room, Mummy 4___ cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema with her boyfriend.”‎ Atsuko 5___ to attend college in California. When she arrived, however, she found it was not her 6___ world. “People were struggling with problems and often seemed 7___,” she said. “ I felt very along.”‎ One of her hardest 8___ was physical education. “ We played volleyball, “ she said. “ The other students were 9___ it, but I wasn’t.” One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 10___ the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 11___ the net. No problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 12___ she failed.‎ A young man on her team 13___ what she was going through. “He walked up to me and 14___, ‘Come on. You can do that.’” “ You will never understand how those words of 15___ made me feel… Four word: you can do that. I felt like ‎ crying with happiness.”‎ She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not 16___.‎ Six years have passed. Atsuko is back in Japan, working as a salesclerk. “ I have 17___ for gotten the words,” she said. “When things are not going so well, I think of them.”‎ She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness 18___ to her. “He probably doesn’t even remember it,” she said. That may be the lesson. Whenever you say something to a person — cruel or kind — you have no idea how long the words will 19___. She’s all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four 20___ words: you can do that.‎ ‎1. A. learned B. spoke C. dreamed D. heard 2. A. way B. life C. education D. spirit ‎3. A. photo B. painting C picture D. drawing 4. A. baking B. frying C. steaming D. boiling ‎5. A. hoped B. arranged C. liked D. attempted 6. A. described B. imagined C. created D. discovered ‎7. A. tense B. cheerful C. relaxed D. deserted 8. A. times B. questions C. classes D. projects ‎9. A. curious about B. good at C. slow at D. nervous about ‎10. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit 11. A. through B. into C. over D. past ‎12. A. after B. if C. because D. until 13. A. believed B. considered C. wondered D. sensed ‎14. A. warned B. sighed C. ordered D. whispered ‎ ‎15. A. excitement B. encouragement C. persuasion D. suggestion ‎16. A. interested B. doubtful C. puzzled D. sure ‎17. A. never B. already C. seldom D. almost 18. A. happened B. applied C. seemed D. meant ‎19. A. continue B. stay C. exist D. live 20. A. merciful B. bitter C. simple D. easy 语篇定位 日本有一位女士Atsuko Saeki年轻时一直梦想去美国，对未来有着美好的憧憬。然而当她到达加利福尼亚时却发现一切并非想象中的那样。 ‎ 思路引导 故事的发展可分为三个阶段：打排球表现不佳→受到年轻人的鼓励→鼓励对她后来的影响。 ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. C考查词语辨析。她从小就梦想去美国，故选C。其他选项均不符合语意。 2. B考查行文逻辑。根据后面引号中的内容可知此处是指她想象中的生活画面，故选B。 3. C考查词语辨析。此处指女士脑海中的生活画面，A指照片，不合适；B,D两项均表示绘画，图画，指的是有形物体，因此不正确。故答案为C。 4. A考查生活常识。此处只能用bake与cake搭配，意为烘蛋糕。 5. B考查语境理解。从下文可知，她是到美国加利福尼亚求学，这是事先安排好的行为。故选B。 6. B考查行文逻辑。她发现一切并非她想象中的那样，下文引号中的内容也有暗 示，与第一段引号中的内容形成对比。 7. A考查词语辨析及逻辑推理。从前半句大家都在苦苦奋斗可推断此处应该用tense紧张，其他选项与前半句逻辑关系不符。 8. C考查语境理解。从后面的education及第七段中的she made it through the class可知此处指课程。 9. B考查行文逻辑。从后句but I wasn’t及下文内容可知其他同学擅长打排球，而我打得很糟。 10. D考查生活常识。根据常识可知，排球比赛中，通常要把排球击到空中，由其他人将球打到对方场地。所以答案为D。 11. C考查生活常识。通过球网上方把球打到对方半场，不是穿过、经过或打进球网。故选C。 12. B考查行文逻辑。她担心如果失败会当众丢脸。 13. D考查词语辨析。一个年轻男子察觉到她当时的困境。用sense察觉到比较贴切，其他选项均与语境不符。 14. D考查语境理解。此处用whisper 表示他小声地对她说。前三项分别意为警告、叹息和命令，均不符合语境。 15. B考查语境理解。由Come on. You can do that可知此处指的是鼓励。 16. D考查行文逻辑。她自己不确信是否向对方表达了谢意。本句中的 perhaps一词提供了暗示。 17. A考查行文逻辑。根据下一句可知她永远没有忘记那句话。 18. D考查行文逻辑。她坚信那个年轻人不知道他的善意对她而言意味着什么。 19. B考查词语辨析。句意为：你不知道这些话会在对方心中停留多长时间。此处强调状态，而 A 强调动作C表示事物原来已经存在。故答案为B。 ‎ ‎20. C考查词语辨析。那四个简单的词语仍然回响在她的耳边，其他选项不合语境。 ‎ 强化过关 Cloze 1 总词数303 难度0.50 时间 16分钟 The story happened in Vietnam during the war. A bomb landed in an orphanage(孤儿院) and several children were 1___, including an 8-year-old girl.‎ People from the village requested 2___ help from the nearby American forces. Soon, a(n) 3___ doctor and a nurse arrived in a jeep. They found out the girl was the 4___ seriously injured. Without quick transfusion (putting new blood into a person’s body), she would die of shock and loss of 5___. A quick test showed that neither the two American had correct 6___, nor several of the uninjured 7___ had. Speaking poor Vietnamese, the doctor tried to 8___ to their frightened audience that unless they could 9___ some of the girl’s lost blood, she would certainly die. Then they asked if anyone would be 10___ to give blood to help. The request was met with 11___. After several moments, a small hand 12___ went up, dropped back down, and then went up again. He was Heng.‎ Heng was quickly 13___ on a bed, a needle inserted in his arm. After a moment, he let out a 14___ quickly covering his face with his free hand. When the doctor asked him if the 15___ hurt, he shook his head. But soon his occasional sobs gave 16___ to a steady, silent crying. Something seemed unexpected. At this point, a Vietnamese nurse arrived to 17___. She spoke to the boy rapidly in Vietnamese and after a moment, the boy stopped 18___ and look of happiness spread over his face.‎ Glancing up, the nurse said to the Americans, “He thought he was dying. He 19___ you. He thought you had asked him to give all his blood — so the little girl could live.?‎ ‎“ 20___ why would he be willing to do that?” The Vietnamese nurse repeated the question to the boy, who answered simply, “She is my friend.”‎ 1. A. wounded B. examined C. encouraged D. fooled 2. A. chemical B. medical C. nutrient D. mental ‎3. A. Chinese B. Vietnam C. American D. Australian 4. A. bitterly B. positively C. least D. most ‎5. A. conflict B. food C. courage D. blood 6. A. view B. supply C. type D. collection ‎7. A. soldiers B. orphans C. nurses D. peasants 8. A. explain B. refer C. stick D. devote ‎9. A. replace B. operate C. store D. freshen 10. A. anxious B. willing C. surprised D. opposed ‎11. A. argument B. queue C. silence D. danger 12. A. quickly B. joyfully C. mysteriously D. slowly ‎13. A. laid B. took C. thrown D. sliced 14. A. surprise B. sob C. secret D. pain ‎15. A. wound B. test C. needle D. leg 16. A. hope B. message C. excitement D. way ‎17. A. advise B. prevent C. threaten D. help 18. A. quarrelling B. seeking C. crying D. shaking ‎19. A. hurt B. misunderstood C. blamed D. praised 20. A. But B. So C. And D. Still Cloze 2‎ 总词数325 难度0.55 时间 17分钟 Audrey Hepburn (奥黛丽·赫本) was born on May 4, ‎1929 in Brussels, Belgium. Her father was a wealthy English banker. After her parents divorced she went to London with her mother, 1___ she went to private school. While vacationing with her mother in Holland, Hitler’s army suddenly 2___ over the town. It was there that she fell on 3___ times during the Nazi occupation. After the 4___, Audrey went to a ballet school in London on a scholarship and 5___ began a modeling career. As a 6___, she was graceful and, it seemed, she had found her 7___ in life — until the film producers came calling. After being spotted modeling by a 8___, she was signed up for a bit part in the European film Nederlands in 7 lessons in 1948. later she headed to 9___ to try her luck there.‎ Audrey gained immediate prominence (出名) in the US with her 10___ in Roman Holiday in 1953. This film turned out to be a big 11___ as she won an Oscar as Best Actress. This 12___ her enormous popularity and more important roles. Roman Holiday was followed by another similarly 13___ performance in the 1957 classic Funny Face. In 1959, she 14___ yet another nomination for her role in Nun’s Story. Audrey 15___ the top of her career when she 16___ Holly Golightly in the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s in 1961. For this she received 17___ nomination. One of Audrey’s 18___ roles was in the fine production of My Fairy Lady in 1964. Her co-star Rex Harrison once was 19___ to identify his favorite leading lady. Without hesitation, he replied, “Audrey Hepburn in My Fairy Lady.”‎ By the end of the 1960s, after getting her divorce from the actor Mel Ferrer, Audrey decided to 20___ while she was on top. She died on January 20, ‎1993 in Switzerland. She had made a total of 31 high quality movies.‎ ‎1. A. where B. when C. which D. whom 2. A. looked B. took C. went D. turned ‎3. A. happy B. solo C. land D. tense 4. A. recovery B. shelter C. guide D. liberation ‎5. A. firstly B. gently C. secretly D. later 6. A. model B. actress C. banker D. orphan ‎7. A. wealth B. position C. hobby D. strength 8. A. director B. writer C. producer D. musician ‎9. A. Belgium B. London C. Europe D. America 10. A. role B. talent C. company D. mother ‎11. A. honor B. success C. failure D. shame 12. A. praised B. valued C. gained D. ended ‎13. A. extreme B. fluent C. crazy D. wonderful 14. A. received B. made C. imported D. operated ‎15. A. hated B. reached C. removed D. hurt 16. A. wrote B. played C. promoted D. sang ‎17. A. one B. any C. another D. unexpected 18. A. special B. formal C. perfect D. remarkable ‎19. A. asked B. expected C. advised D. supposed 20. A. survive B. retire C. continue D. settle Cloze 3‎ 总词数303 难度0.53 时间 16分钟 Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester 1___ the ballet, but when his employer invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they 2___ to the theatre that evening, the 3___ got worse and worse. The traffic 4___ down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they 5___ got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out how it had taken them so 6___ to get there, even taking the fog into account. The 7___ was within walking distance from their house. It took her a long time to get over the 8___.‎ A month later, Mrs. Lester 9___ what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning 10___. This friend told his wife, and the wife 11___ went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women 12___ to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his 13___, which he always locked.‎ His hobby was collecting old 14___. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was 15___: $650! They were taking some coins out of the case 16___ they heard a car pull up outside the house. Mrs. Lester 17___ witched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They 18___ him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no 19___ for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was 20___ to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.‎ ‎1. A. hates B. likes C. appreciates D. inspires 2. A. rode B. drove C. walked D. rushed ‎3. A. ground B. traffic C. fog D. ballet 4. A. went B. calmed C. handed D. slowed ‎5. A. confidently B. eventually C. patiently D. nervously 6. A. long B. swiftly C. gently D. regularly ‎7. A. car B. hospital C. theatre D. company 8. A. anger B. thrill C. difficulty D. disappointment ‎9. A. found out B. agreed with C. fell back D. pointed out ‎ ‎10. A. by accident B. on purpose C. in time D. at last ‎11. A. occasionally B. generously C. effectively D. immediately ‎ ‎12. A. feared B. refused C. began D. managed 13. A. flat B. study C. office D. department ‎14. A. coins B. paintings C. vases D. stamps 15. A. individual B. priceless C. unique D. worth ‎16. A. while B. although C. when D. in case 17. A. slowly B. quickly C. frequently D. sensitively ‎18. A. observed B. made C. heard D. let 19. A. threat B. panic C. consciousness D. chance ‎20. A. delighted B. astonished C. excited D. nervous 答案与解析 Cloze 1 本文讲述的是在越战期间，一所孤儿院遭到轰炸，导致几个孩子受伤，在寻找血源来救助一个失血过多的小女孩时，一个孩子挺身而出，挽救了受伤的小女孩的生命。 ‎ ‎1. A考查语境理解。前面提到一颗炸弹在孤儿院里爆炸，第二段又说人们进行医疗求助7，由此可知这里是说有几个孩子受伤了。 2. B考查语境理解。后面提到医生和护士匆忙赶来，所以可以判断人们要求的是医疗救助，故用medical。 3. C考查逻辑推理。前文说人们向附近的美国军队寻求医疗帮助，后文又提到两个美国人的血型都不适合，由此句判断来的医生和护士都是美国人。 4. D考查生活常识。后文说如果不紧急输血，她就有可能因为休克和失血过多而死。所以可推断她伤势很严重。most表示的程度最强。 5. D考查生活常识。上题已有提示。 6. C考查生活常识。输血当然需要血型匹配，blood type血型。 7. B考查语境理解。前面提到孤儿院的孩子受伤，所以这里uninjured, 应该指的也是孤儿院的孤儿们。 8. A考查词语辨析。想给受伤的孤儿输血，必须寻找血源，因此需要向人们解释。 9. A考查词语辨析。女孩失血过多，所以需要补充。replace 替换，更换，符合题意，其他三项均不合题意。 10. B考查词语辨析。向人们说明情况后，问是否有人愿意献血。Be willing to 乐意……。 ‎ ‎11. C考查语境理解。由下文可知起初没有人回应，因此判断遇到了沉默。答案为C。 12. D考查语境理解。从After several moment; went up, dropped back down, and then went up again之处可说明他很犹豫，体现在动作上应该是慢。 13. A考查词语辨析。开始准备抽血，因此把小男孩放在床上。答案为A，lay搁置，放。 14. B考查语境理解。根据后文but soon his occasional sobs…可知他开始抽泣（sob）了。 15. C考查语境理解。上文提到a needle inserted in his arm，因此可以判断医生问的是是否因为打针而造成了疼痛。 16. D考查固定搭配。句意为：偶尔的抽泣被哭泣所代替。这里用way构成give way to被……代替。故D正确。 17. D考查语境理解。从后面护士所做的事可知护士是来帮忙的，所以用help。18. C考查语境理解。由上文中提到的a steady, silent crying 可知答案为C。 19. B考查语境理解。由下文可知小男孩误解了医生的意思，以为他需要give all his blood。 20. A考查行文逻辑。男孩本以为要用他的生命来挽救小女孩，但还是愿意救她，进而引出了why would he be willing to do that的疑问，可知前后意思上存在转折关系，故用but。 ‎ Cloze 2‎ ‎ Audrey起初在伦敦学习芭蕾舞，然后开始从事模特职业，后来由于电影制片人的发现，她转向了表演，结果一炮走红，多次获得重大奖项。在事业巅峰期，她毅然退出演艺圈。 ‎ ‎1. A考查语句结构。where引导非限制性定语从句，在句子中充当地点状语，修饰先行词London。 2. B考查语境理解。后文提到在纳粹统治期间，她度过了一段艰难的日子，所以可以推断&希特勒的军队攻占了该城。Look over快速查看 take over攻占 go over检查，复习 turn over翻转，周转。因此答案为B。 3. C考查生活常识。纳粹分子所到之处生灵涂炭，所以说她度过了一段艰难的岁月。故用hard。 4. D考查生活常识。在解放后，她重获新生。故选D项。 5. D考查行文逻辑。本句是说她起初在一所芭蕾舞学校上学，后来开始了职业模特的生涯，所以用later 比较合适。 6. A考查行文逻辑。结合上文可知，她是一名模特。 7. B考查词语辨析。从事一种认为很适合自己的职业就可以说找到了自己在生活中的位置。故B项正确。 8.考查语境理解。从下文看，她转向了演艺圈，成为一名演员，所以这里应该是说电影制片人的到来使她的生活发生了改变，即从模特转向演员。 9.考查语境理解。根据后文Audrey gained immediately prominence in the US…可知她去了美国发展。故答案为D。 ‎ ‎10. A考查语境理解。后文谈到Roman Holiday这部影片使Audrey,获得了奥斯卡最佳女演员奖，说明她在片中的角色使她在美国一炮走红。 11. B考查生活常识。能够获得奥斯卡最佳女演员奖，说明这部电影是一部很成功的作品，因此选择success。 12. C考查词语辨析。获得奥斯卡最佳女演员奖使她更受欢迎并且得以扮演更多的重要角色。gain获得符合题意。 13. D考查语境理解。前面提到Roman Holiday使Audrey获得奥斯卡最佳女演员奖，这里用similarly修饰 Funny Face说明她在其中的表演也非常棒，故用wonderful。 14. 考查行文逻辑。从后文中For this she received 17___ nomination可知答案为A。 15. B考查语境理解。这句话是说她达到了事业的巅峰。 16. B考查词语辨析。Audrey应该是出演Holly Golightly这一角色。故用played。 17. C考查行文逻辑。前面曾获得过提名，这里说再次获得提名应该用another。 18. D考查词语辨析。先表达看法，再举例说明。结合上下文可知 remarkable非凡的，显著的符合句意。 19. A考查行文逻辑。由下文的he replied可知此处答案为A。 20. B考查语句理解。本句话的意思是：当她处在事业的巅峰时，却毅然决定退出演艺圈。 ‎ Cloze 3 丈夫不愿意陪妻子去看芭蕾舞，但是由于是雇主邀请，碍于情面，不得不去。在路上丈夫略施小计，结果使妻子没有看成芭蕾舞。妻子得知真相后，开始伺机报复。 ‎ ‎1. A考查行文逻辑。由 E)# 后的内容可知：丈夫由于雇主邀请，碍于情面才不得不去，这说明他不喜欢芭蕾舞。 ‎ ‎2. B考查语境理解。由下文内容车流很慢，几乎都停了下来可知他们是开车去剧场的。 3. C考查语境理解。结合后文中的even taking the fog into account可知，当时雾很大。 4. D考查词语辨析。Down to a walking pace and almost stopped是车走得很慢的表现。故选D。 5. B考查词语辨析。车走得很慢，但是还是到达地方了。confidently自信地eventually最终patiently 耐心地nervously紧张地。故选B。 6. A考查行文逻辑。妻子不明白到达那里怎么花了那么长的时间。前文中the ballet was over有暗示。 7. C考查语境理解。这句话是说剧场离家很近，却花了很长时间才到。 8. D考查语境理解。从文章首句可知妻子很喜欢看芭蕾舞，这次没有看到，她必然会感到扫兴。D 项符合句意。 9. A考查短语辨析。由下文可知朋友之妻告诉了Mrs. Lester事情的真相。Find out查明，弄清agree with同意fall back后退point out指出。只有A符合语意。 10. B考查词语辨析。正是因为丈夫是故意的，才导致妻子未能看成芭蕾舞表演。On purpose 意为故意地，符合题意。In time及时；at last最终，终于；by accident偶然均不合适。 11. D考查词语辨析。朋友的妻子得知真相后，立即（immediately）告诉了 Mrs. Lester。其他选项不合题意。 12. C考查词语辨析。后文提到她们潜入书房，想拿走一些硬币，但由于报复没有成功，所以不能用 managed；同时feared与refused不符合语境。因此此处应选择began指两个女人开始准备报复。 13. B考查语境理解。根据句子He walked towards the study door and opened it可知她们broke into的是书房。 14. A考查语境理解。从下文they were taking some coins out of the case可知她的丈夫喜欢收集古币。 15. D考查词语辨析。从 $850 可知此处说的是这些收藏物的价值。只有单词worth价值符合题意。 16. C考查句子结构。when正在那时，在此引导时间状语从句。 17. B考查语境理解。想报复丈夫，但是又怕被发现，所以立刻把灯关掉。此外，由上下文语境也可推断出来答案。 18. C考查常识及推理。她们两个在书房躲着，生怕被发现，所以不可能看到他脱掉上衣，只能是听到，故选C。 19. D考查语境理解。Mr. Lester径直走向书房，打开房门，并开了灯，所以她们不可 能不被发现。 20. B考查词语辨析。丈夫无论如何都会对眼前的情景感到惊讶。 ‎ 专题二议论文 ‎ 一、议论型完形填空的命题趋势 ‎ ‎ 分析近几年的高考试卷，我们不难看出高考完形填空的体裁以记叙文为主，但也有个别省市考查了议论文。 ‎ ‎ 议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。夹叙夹议型完形填空的基本模式是：作者首先叙述一件事，然后就此提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。纯议论型完形填空的基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，提出看法。 ‎ 议论型完形填空有以下特点： ‎ ‎1首句制胜，论点明确 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 ‎ ‎2结构清晰，脉络有序 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。‎ ‎3按一定的方法论证 议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。 ‎ 二、议论型完形填空的应试技巧 ‎ ‎1叙议有机结合 ‎ ‎ 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。 ‎ 以2006年安徽卷为例，作者首先从现象 Home shopping television networks（网络）have became a 37__ (way) for many people to shop without 38___ (ever) having to leave their homes入手，最后得出结论：in the future, home shopping will 55___ (exit) together with store shopping but will never entirely replace（取代）it。文章论述了电视网络 购物得以流行的原因，结尾时告诉我们：电视网络购物与商场购物将会并存。 ‎ ‎2 遵循狠抓首句原则 对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。一项调查表明，英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。 ‎ 典例1 Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say it is 1___ for children to work at home in their free time. 2___, they argue that most teachers do not 3___ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. The result is that pupils have to 4___ tasks which they have already done at school.‎ ‎1. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant ‎2. A. nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover ‎3. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly ‎4. A. finish B. repeat C. attend D. accomplish 解析 分析本段我们可以看出，首句Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework.就是本段的主旨句。抓住了首句，我们就很容易解答后面的题目了。 ‎ ‎1. A句意为：他们说没有必要让孩子们在业余时间做作业，这是对首句论点的 阐述。 2. D此题选用moreover进一步阐明人们对老师布置家庭作业的看法。 3. C人们认为很多老师对于学生的家庭作业的布置没有计划好，用properly正确地，适当地，与not连用，符合题意。 4. B根据句意，此处应选repeat表示重做（任务，作业等）。该句为下一段做铺垫，同时与首句相呼应。 ‎ ‎3 理清文章的论点、论据和结论 议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，就能将文章脉络把握好。然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。 ‎ 典例2 When a person is curious about something, it means he is interested in it and wishes to know more about it. There is 1___ wrong with curiosity in itself. Whether it is good or bad 2___ on what people are curious about. Curiosity is 3___ silly or wrong.‎ ‎1. A. something B. nothing C. much D. none 2. A. keeps B. puts C. takes D. depends ‎3. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never 解析1. B 2. D 3. B读完这一段我们可知这篇文章的中心论点是There is 1___ (nothing) wrong with curiosity in itself. Whether it is good or bad 2___ (depends) on what people are curious about。我们接着往下看，Curiosity is 3___ silly or wrong.是本段的主旨句，它同时又是本篇文章中心论点的分论点。 ‎ ‎4三论 结合推出答案 一般来说，能说明论点主要内容的答案可以在论据中得到印证，且论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点和论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章结构清晰，主题鲜明。 ‎ ‎ 如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，那就说明我们对于文章的把握尚缺乏条理性和系统性。此时，我们需要回过头去，重新理顺文章，直到结构清晰为止，然后再依据自己对全文的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。 ‎ 好题调研 Cloze 1 （06年浙江卷） ‎ One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 1___ for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became 2___. When he saw a photograph booth (照相亭) nearby, he had 3___. He wore the most unhappy expression he could manage, which was not 4___ in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small prints that 5___ even him.‎ He wrote his wife’s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a 6___ behind the desk in the booth. “ 7___ you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression, obviously 8___ someone, would you please give her this?” he said. He then 9___ his office in Morrison Building, 10___ that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good 11___! He sat down with a smile.‎ His wife 12___ those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married…‎ How are you with 13___? One person calls it “waiting training”. It seems that there is always something we are 14___. We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.‎ Patience is an important 15___ of a happy and rewarding life. 16___, some things are worth waiting for. 17___ presents many opportunities for wait training.‎ We can hate waiting, 18___ it or even get good at it! But one thing is 19___ — We cannot avoid it. How is your 20___ coming along?‎ 1. A. proudly B. respectfully C. patiently D. curiously 2. A. angry B. hungry C. frightened D. thirsty ‎3. A. a question B. a reason C. an opinion D. an idea 4. A. serious B. difficult C. regular D. convenient ‎5. A. hurt B. encouraged C. attracted D. shocked 6. A, clerk B. secretary C. passer-by D. friend ‎7. A. since B. before C. as D. if 8. A. looking for B. working for C. sending for D. paying for ‎9. A. called up B. returned to C. visited D. left 10. A. worried B. disappointed C. satisfied D. surprised ‎11. A. description B. preparation C. excuse D. lecture 12. A. tore B. saved C. developed D. destroyed ‎13. A. your wife B. your family C. patience D. determination 14. A. hoping for B. waiting for C. ready for D. fit for ‎15. A. lesson B. experience C. purpose D. quality 16. A. for example B. after all C. right now D. so far ‎17. A. every age B. every shop C. every day D. every office 18. A. accept B. control C. change D. improve ‎19. A. certain B. interesting C. precious D. easy ‎ ‎20. A. photo taking B. job hunting C. decision making D. waiting training 语篇定位 这是一篇议论型完形填空，作者叙述了这样一个故事：一个人等候妻子一同去购物，但是由于妻子迟迟未到，他感到十分不满，于是愤然离去。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉人们耐心是获得快乐和回报的一种重要品质。 ‎ 思路引导 作者通过描述等候、拍照和送相片等情节把文章连接起来，最后通过议论得出自己的结论。 ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. C考查词语辨析。proudly骄傲地, respectfully尊重地,patiently耐心地, curiously好奇地, 。根据下文then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more可知开始时他,耐心地,等了15分钟。 2. A考查语境理解。根据后文可知他生气了。 3. D考查语句理解。看到照相亭后他想出了一个主意。 4. B考查语境理解。由上文可知他等了妻子很久，已经生气了，此时拍照，要流露出最不高兴的表情应该是不难的。 5. D考查逻辑推理。上文提到he wore the most unhappy expression he could manage可推断此处用D，表示他对这四张照片的效果很满意，甚至让自己感到震惊。 6. A考查生活常识。货摊或柜台后面的人，应该是店员。 7. D考查行文逻辑。这里表示一种假设。 8. A考查逻辑推理。妻子赶到的话一定会寻找丈夫的。 9. B考查词语辨析。由题意可知他回到了自己的办公室。其他选项均不合题意。 10. C考查语境理解。由下文的he sat down with a smile可知此处是丈夫对自己想出的主意感到很满意，故选C项。 11. D考查语境理解。联系上文可知，如果一张照片相当于一千个词的话，那么四张照片就是一篇精彩的演讲了。lecture还有训斥之意。 12. B考查语境理解。下文说, she carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who ask if she is married，由此我们可知她保留了那些照片。 13. C考查语境理解。根据后文的one person calls it wait training可知本句话问的是耐心。 14. B考查语境理解。根据下文可知，我们经常为了某事而等候。 15. D考查生活常识。根据常识判断耐心应该是一种重要的品质。 16. B 考查副词词组。此句的意思是：我们应该有耐心，毕竟生活中总有些东西是值得我们等待的。故选B。 17. C考查词语辨析。生活中的: 每一天: 人们都有体验等候的机会。 18. A考查语境理解。由下文中的we cannot avoid it可知，只有accept符合题意。 19. A考查行文逻辑。根据连词but以及后面的句子可知此处意为：但是有一件事情是确定无疑的。 20. D考查语境理解。本文论述的中心内容与waiting有关，所以选D。 ‎ Cloze 2（06年安徽卷） ‎ Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping or stay home and watch TV on a weekend? Now you 1___ do both at the same time. Home shopping television networks have become a 2___ for many people to shop without 3___ having to leave their homes.‎ Some shoppers are 4___ of department stores and supermarkets — 5___ the crowds, waiting in long lines, and sometimes having slight 6___ of finding anything they want to buy. They’d rather sit quietly at home in front of the TV set and 7___ a friendly announce describe a product 8___ a model shows it. And they can 9___ around the clock, buying something 10___ by making a phone call.‎ Department stores and even mail order companies are 11___ to join in the success of home shopping. Large department stores are busy 12___ their own TV channels to encourage TV shopping in the future. 13___ can ask question about products and place 14___, all through their TV sets.‎ Will shopping by television 15___ take the place of shopping in stores? Some industry managers think so. 16___ many people find shopping at a 17___ store a great enjoyment. And for many shoppers, it is still important to 18___ or try on dresses they want to buy. That’s 19___ specialists say that in the future, home shopping will 20___ together with store shopping but will never entirely replace it.‎ ‎1. A. must B. should C. shall D. can 2. A. programme B. way C. reason D. purpose ‎3. A. ever B. never C. still D. once 4. A. proud B. fond C. tired D. careful ‎5. A. fighting B. striking C. treating D. stopping 6. A. sense B. doubt C. hope D. feeling ‎7. A. see B. watch C. let D. notice 8. A. until B. since C. if D. while ‎9. A. shop B. wait C. turn D. deliver 10. A. suitably B. cheaply C. simply D. hardly ‎11. A. nervous B. lucky C. equal D. eager 12. A. putting up B. making up C. setting up D. looking up ‎13. A. guests B. assistants C. managers D. customers 14. A. orders B. goods C. books D. answers ‎15. A. lastly B. finally C. especially D. fortunately 16. A. then B. yet C. however D. therefore ‎17. A. general B. popular C. real D. true 18. A. design B. make C. wear D. touch ‎19. A. how B. why C. what D. when 20. A. exist B. practise C. follow D. appear 语篇定位 ‎ 这是一篇议论文，作者论述了电视网络购物得以流行的原因，并得出电视网络购 ‎ 物与商场购物将并存的结论。 ‎ 思路引导 ‎ 文章以Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping or stay home and watch TV on a weekend开篇，引出电视网络购物这一主题，接着陈述电视网络购物的优点，最后指出电视网络购物与商场购物这二者的发展前景。 ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. D考查语境理解。网络购物时代，人们购物和看电视两不误，能同时做到。 2. B考查生活常识。一般情况下人们购物要去商店，而网上购物只需在家就可以进行。说明电视网络购物也是人们购物的一种方式。 3. A考查行文逻辑。这里用ever表示强调甚至，曾经，句意为：甚至不用离开自己的家就可以购物。 4. C考查语境理解。破折号后面的内容是人们不愿意做的，所以用 be tired of 厌烦。 5. A考查词语辨析。Fight the crowds指人群熙熙攘攘。 6. C考查词语辨析。Have slight hope of意为 ……的希望很渺茫。 7. B考查生活常识。人们通过看电视watch TV选择自己喜欢的产品。 8. D考查行文逻辑。用while表示主持人介绍产品是和模特展示产品同时发生的。 9. A考查语境理解。Around the clock表示昼夜不停，持续一整天。根据后面的buying something 10__ by making a phone call可知这里是说电视购物可以在一天中的任何时间进行。 10. C考查词语辨析。不出家门，只是打一个电话就可以把商品买到手，这里用simple强调客户需要做的仅仅是打个电话。 11. D考查语境理解。由于电视购物成为一种潮流，百货商场和邮递公司都希望加入进来。Be eager to do sth急于做某事。 12. C考查词语辨析。句意为：建立自己的电视购物频道。应用 set up建立，设立来表示。Put up显示出，表现出make up形成，构成look up查阅。 13. D考查生活常识。询问产品的有关事宜，之后进行订购的应是顾客。 14. A考查固定搭配。Put an order订货为固定搭配。 15. B考查词语辨析。句意为：电视购物最终会代替商场购物吗？lastly最后一点，指按顺序的最后；finally最后，末了可以指按时间的最后，也可以指按顺序的最后especially尤其，特别地和fortunately幸运地不合题意。 16. B考查行文逻辑。结合上下文可以判断出前后句子含有转折意味。如果用 however后面需用逗号隔开。 17. C考查语境理解。把电视或网上虚拟的购物与真正的商场购物进行比较，所以用real。 18. D考查生活常识。句意为：人们买衣服时总喜欢摸一摸或试穿一下。 19. B考查语句结构。why引导的是一个表语从句，that’s why…意为那就是……的原因。 20. A考查逻辑推理。从空后内容可以判断，二者将并存，所以用exist。 ‎ 强化闯关 Cloze 1 总词数：273 难度系数：0.60 解题限时：15分钟 You must have heard these words like “ how happy it is to be a child”. But would you honestly change places with a child? Think of the years at 1___: the year spent living in 2___ fear of examinations and school reports. Every movement you made was 3___ by some adults. Think of the 4___ that you had to go to bed early, you had to eat 5___ thing that was supposed to be good for you. Remember how “gentle” 6___ was given to you with words like “ If you don’t do as I say, I will…” I’m sure you will 7___ forget!‎ ‎8___, these are only part of children’s trouble. No matter how kind and loving parents may be, children often 9___ from some terrible and illogical fears since they can’t understand the world around them. They often have such 10___ in the dark or in the dream. 11___ can share their fears with other adults while children have to face their fears 12___.‎ But the most 13___ part of childhood is the period when you begin to go out of it, the period when you go into 14___. Teenagers start to be 15___ their parents and this causes them great unhappiness. There is a complete 16___ of self-confidence during this time. Adolescents pay much attention to their appearance and the 17___ they make on others. They feel shy, awkward and clumsy (笨拙的). 18___ are strong but hearts easily broken. Teenagers 19___ moments of great happiness or black despair. 20___ through this period, adults seem to be unkind than ever.‎ ‎1. A. home B. school C. table D. hand 2. A. content B. forgetful C. absurd D. constant ‎3. A. observed B. disturbed C. stopped D. appreciated 4. A. pleasure B. goods C. times D. fun ‎5. A. delicious B. nutritious C. tasty D. hateful 6. A. pressure B. care C. issue D. exploration ‎7. A. ever B. never C. still D. somewhat 8. A. thus B. as a result C. even so D. above all ‎9. A. suffer B. free C. die D. view 10. A. views B. fears C. regrets D. spirits ‎11. A. children B. experts C. adults D. teenagers 12. A. regularly B. alone C. doubtfully D. comfortably ‎13. A. painful B. reliable C. inspiring D. imaginary 14. A. school B. adolescence C. stage D. work ‎15. A. in B. through C. for D. against 16. A. standard B. direction C. lack D. pair ‎17. A. jokes B. achievements C. progress D. impression 18. A. bones B. feelings C. wills D. ideas ‎19. A. ensure B. indicate C. experience D. comfort 20. A. and B. but C. even D. instead Cloze 2 总词数：318 难度系数：0.58 解题限时：18分钟 Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher.‎ If I have learned anything in my16 years, it is that 1___ is very important, 2___ when you disagree. With any relationship, you need to let other people know how you’re 3___. When you’re mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t 4___ anything.‎ Communication begins with the 5___ of another. It means that you can’t 6___ come home from school, go up to your room and ignore everyone. 7___ you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing.‎ When 8___ with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing 9___parents. If you are 10___ to make them see something as you see it, tell that you’ll listen to what they have to say, but ask them 11___ to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the situation 12___.‎ This is an 13___: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by 14___, but she didn’t feel she could just 15___ to go home. That would be rude. 16___, they had been nice enough to make her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were 17___ at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let the incident go. Communication was the key factor here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to 18___, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble.‎ Communication isn’t a(n) 19___ way deal, it goes both ways. Just remember, if you get into a 20___ like Sophie’s, tell the other person how you feel — listening is a key factor in communication.‎ 1. A. discussion B. dependence C. transportation D. communication 2. A. especially B. highly C. luckily D. strangely 3. A. recovering B. feeling C. enjoying D. hating 4. A. mean B. hold C. solve D. shock ‎5. A. concerns B. senses C. favors D. successes 6. A. yet B. just C. rather D. even ‎7. A. ever since B. once C. even if D. even so 8. A. agreeing B. arguing C. going D. dealing ‎9. A. for B. through C. like D. as 10. A. managing B. trying C. encouraging D. affording ‎11. A. specially B. entirely C. politely D. rudely 12. A. worse B. better C. harder D. narrower ‎13. A. experience B. example C. operation D. outline 14. A. supper B. noon C. midnight D. morning ‎15. A. cheat B. threaten C. need D. ask 16. A. after all B. at first C. at once D. in all ‎17. A. mad B. anxious C. natural D. mild 18. A. obey B. listen C. scold D. tolerate ‎19. A. new B. unique C. honorable D. double 20. A. position B. stage C. view D. situation 总词数：294 难度系数：0.55 解题限时：17分钟 ‎ Be careful of those who use the truth to deceive(cheat). When someone tells you something that is true, but 1___ important information that should be included, he can create a false 2___.‎ For example, a man once told me, “ I just won a hundred dollars on the 3___. It was great. I 4___ that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in 5___ one hundred dollars!”‎ This guy is a winner, right? Maybe, may be not. Then 6___ I discovered that he bought two hundred tickets, and only one was a 7___. He was 8___ a big loser!‎ He didn’t say anything that was false, 9___ he left out important information 10___. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically 11___, but they are just as dishonest.‎ Untrustworthy candidates(候选人) in political campaigns often use this 12___. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her 13___ lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeked another 14___. One of her opponents(对手) put an ad saying, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s 15___. However, an honest statement would have been quite different.‎ Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s 16___ the law to make false claims, so they 17___ to mislead you with the truth. An ad 18___ blow its own horn, “Nine out of ten doctors lend Yucky Pills to cure nose Pimples.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten 19___, and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.‎ This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a(an) fact of life: lies are lies, but sometimes the truth can lie as well.‎ ‎1. A. makes out B. leaves out C. tries out D. puts out 2. A. chance B. expression C. impression D. translation ‎3. A. spot B. lab C. competition D. lottery 4. A. took B. turned C. went D. looked ‎5. A. with B. as C. like D. for 6. A. later B. formerly C. hardly D. generally ‎7. A. loser B. winner C. shame D. surprise 8. A. wrongly B. usually C. really D. right ‎9. A. since B. what’s more C. therefore D. but 10. A. on purpose B. by accident C. in time D. at first sight ‎11. A. chats B. lies C. failures D. consequences 12. A. fair B. court C. trick D. entry ‎13. A. company B. fellow C. country D. state 14. A. term B. cooperation C. election D. service ‎15. A. boring B. shocking C. true D. wrong 16. A. for B. against C. through D. across ‎17. A. regret B. forget C. fail D. try 18. A. must B. need C. should D. might ‎19. A. customers B. patients C. reporters D. doctors 20. A. attractive B. critical C. fair D. sad 答案与解析 Cloze 1 这是一篇议论型完形填空，主要说明孩子们在童年和青少年时期所面临的来自大人们的压力。 ‎ ‎1. B考查语境理解。由后半句害怕考试与学校的成绩报告单可知答案。 2. D考查生活常识。在学校，考试是经常进行的，所以如果学生害怕考试的话，他就会不断地（感到）恐慌。 3. A考查生活常识。孩子在成长阶段中的一举一动都受到大人的关注。 4. C考查词语辨析。这里用times指代需要早早上床休息的时光。 5. D考查语境理解。从had to eat判断，小孩子不愿意吃，hateful十分讨厌的符合语境。 6. A考查语境理解。从if you don’t do as I say, I will来判断，大人是在施加压力，所以用pressure。 7. B考查生活常识。自己印象深刻的话语或事情，是不容易忘掉的，故用never。 8. C考查行文逻辑。结合上下文可知，此处表示程度的加深及进一步列举事例。 9. A考查固定搭配。Suffer from受苦，受折磨。 10. B考查语境理解。上句话提到孩子们遭受的那些恐惧的由来，本句作进一步强调。 11. C考查语境理解。由下文的other adults可知答案。 12. B考查行文逻辑。从连词while来判断，前后两句话表示对比。Share their fears with other adults与face their fears alone相对应。 13. A考查语境理解。结合上下文可知，比起童年，青春期更痛苦。 14. B考查生活常识。前半句指走出童年，那么后半句应指步入青少年时期。 15. D考查语境理解。青少年开始反对父母的看法。 16.考查固定搭配。Lack of意为缺乏……。 17. D考查固定搭配。本句中 they make充当定语，前面省略了关系代词 that/which。此处应用impression构成固定搭配make impression on给……印象。 18. B考查生活常识。青少年时期孩子们的感情非常强烈，但容易受到伤害，故选B项。 19. C考查词语辨析。青少年经历大喜或大悲时更能够体现他们感情的强烈。 20. A考查行文逻辑。前面提到了青少年的状况，这里又说他们对成年人的看法，两句之间应属并列关系，所以用and。 ‎ Cloze 2‎ ‎ 这是一篇议论型完形填空，主要说明如何处理人际关系，尤其是子女与父母之间的关系。文章强调交流不是一方的，而是需要双方的配合。 ‎ ‎1. D考查语境理解。纵观全文可知，文章的议题是关于交流的，故此处应选D。 2. A考查行文逻辑。especially表示强调，意为尤其……，指程度上的递进。 3. B考查语境理解。从后文交流开始于彼此的关注可知，你需要让他人知道你的感受。 4. C考查词语辨析。如果跟父母或别人生气，不与他们讲话是解决不了任何问题的。 5. A考查语境理解。从本段后面谈到的内容可知交流开始于对彼此的关注。 6. B考查语句理解。句意为：你不应该在放学回家后只是待在自己的房间，而忽略别人。 7. C考查行文逻辑。Even if即使表让步，用来强调很短暂的交流也会起作用。 8. D考查语境理解。根据文章首句可知用deal with较为恰当。 9. D考查词语辨析。与父母打交道时，你要经常使他们感到，作为父母，他们做得不错。As 作为符合句意。 10. B考查词语辨析。句意为：如果你试图让父母知道你在做什么，告诉他们无论他们说什么你都会认真听的。try试图符合题意。manage 设法做成……encourage 鼓励 afford提供6。 11. C考查语境理解。由后句shouting or walking away only makes the situation 12___可知，不礼貌的行为是解决不了问题的。所以说请他们礼貌地听你讲话。 12. A考查生活常识。我们知道，大声嚷嚷或逃避都不能解决问题，这样做只会使情况更加糟糕，故选用worse。 13. B考查行文逻辑。本段叙述的是Sophie如何处理问题的，是针对论点而举的一个例子。 14. A考查语境知理解。由下文可知 Sophie玩到很晚才回家，而这是在but之后所陈述的内容，由此可知她原本是要早点回家的。四个选项中只有supper在时间上符合语境。 15. D考查词语辨析。与朋友们聚会，要求回家是不礼貌的。 16. A考查行文逻辑。由they had been nice enough to make her along with them 可知空格处应用after all毕竟来说明原因。 17. A考查语境理解。由后文but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let the incident go可知，此处应选mad来保持上下文的一致性。 18. B考查语境理解。本句话是作者的假设：如果Sophie的父母不听解释的话，她就有麻烦了，这与前面but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let the incident go相对应。 19. B考查语境理解。由句子it goes both ways可知此处意为交流不是单方面的。 20. D考查词语辨析。前面以 Sophie为例说明了她是如何处理问题的，这里总结说如果你遇到类似Sophie的情况时，一定要告诉别人你的感受。position位置stage阶段，舞台view观点。 ‎ Cloze 3‎ ‎ 这是一篇议论型完形填空，主要论述的是一些人会用片面的正确信息进行欺骗，所以要提高警惕。 ‎ ‎1. B考查短语辨析。应该包括在内的重要信息，但是他遗漏了。Make out看清，辨认出；leave out遗漏，缺漏；’try out试验；put out扑灭。 2. C考查词语辨析。由于遗漏了重要的信息，所以给人造成虚假的印象。 3. D考查语境理解。由下文可知，这里是指彩票中奖这件事情。 4. A考查词语辨析。句意为：我把那张彩票带到店中。 5. D考查词语辨析。for 在这里表示换取，兑换。 6. A考查行文逻辑。根据上句可知起初我没有弄清真相，知道真相只是后来的事情，所以用later。 7. B考查语境理解。只有一张获奖了，用 winner（可指成功的事物）。 8. C考查语境理解。买了二百张彩票，只有一张中奖了，所以说事实上，他是一个输家。 9. D考查行文逻辑。前面提到he didn’t say anything that was false后面又说he left out important information由此可知前后两句之间含有转折的意味，所以选择D。 10. A考查固定搭配。On purpose有意地，故意。他没有说假话，但是故意隐藏了重要的信息。 11. B考查语境理解。根据but they are just as dishonest可知，用lies谎言比较贴切。 12. C考查词语辨析。在政治斗争中也有人经常使用这种伎俩。 13. D考查语境理解。根据后文6during Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs可知答案。state在此意思是州。 14. A考查语境理解。前面提到during Governor Smith’s last term，因此可推知她要寻求下一个任期。’term任期符合题意。 15. C考查语境理解。根据前文可知，此处讲述的是事实。16. B考查生活常识。不允许做虚假广告，那样是违反法律的。 17.D考查词语辨析。因为做虚假广告是违法的，所以他们就试着用事实来误导你。 18. D考查语境理解。后面的广告内容是作者列举的一个例子，说明有可能这样做广告，而并非必须、需要或应该。 19. D考查语境理解。从广告内容可知答案。 20. D考查词语辨析。根据Lies are lies, but sometimes the truth can lie as well可知，这种状况很令人伤感。attractive吸引人的； critical关键的，重要的（另有批评的意思，但主要用来表示评论，报道等）；fair 公正的； sad令人悲伤的。‎