高考英语考试大纲

高考英语考试大纲

英 语 考核目标与要求 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见 附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。‎ 二、语言运用 ‎1．听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）理解主旨要义；‎ ‎（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；‎ ‎（3）对所听内容做出推断；‎ ‎（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。‎ ‎2．阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，‎ 并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）理解主旨要义；‎ ‎（2）理解文中具体信息；‎ ‎（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；‎ ‎（4）做出判断和推理；‎ ‎（5）理解文章的基本结构；‎ ‎（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。‎ ‎3．写作 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；‎ ‎（2）有效运用所学语言知识。‎ ‎4．口语 要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；‎ ‎（2）做到语音、语调自然；‎ ‎（3）做到语言运用得体；‎ ‎（4）使用有效的交际策略。‎ 附录 1 语音项目表 ‎1. 基本读音 (1) ‎26 个字母的读音 (2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 (6) 辅音字母组合的读音 (7) 辅音连缀的读音 (8) 成节音的读音 ‎2. 重音 (1) 单词重音 (2) 句子重音 ‎3. 读音的变化 (1) 连读 (2) 失去爆破 (3) 弱读 (4) 同化 ‎4. 语调与节奏 (1) 意群与停顿 (2) 语调 (3) 节奏 5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧 7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异 附录 2 语法项目表 ‎1. 名词 (1) 可数名词及其单复数 (2) 不可数名词 (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 ‎2. 代词 (1) 人称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反身代词 (4) 指示代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词 ‎3. 数词 (1) 基数词 (2) 序数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词 6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)‎ 7. 副词(比较级和最高级)‎ 8. 冠词 9. 动词 (1) 动词的基本形式 (2) 系动词 (3) 及物动词和不及物动词 (4) 助动词 (5) 情态动词 ‎10. 时态 (1) 一般现在时 (2) 一般过去时 (3) 一般将来时 (4) 现在进行时 (5) 过去进行时 (6) 过去将来时 (7) 将来进行时 (8) 现在完成时 (9) 过去完成时 (10) 现在完成进行时 11. 被动语态 12. 非谓语动词 (1) 动词不定式 (2) 动词的-ing 形式 (3) 动词的-ed 形式 ‎13. 构词法 (1) 合成法 (2) 派生法 (3) 转化法 (4) 缩写和简写 ‎14. 句子种类 (1) 陈述句 (2) 疑问句 (3) 祈使句 (4) 感叹句 ‎15. 句子成分 (1) 主语 (2) 谓语 (3) 表语 (4) 宾语 (5) 定语 (6) 状语 (7) 补语 16. 简单句的基本句型 17. 主谓一致 18. 并列复合句 19. 主从复合句 (1) 宾语从句 (2) 状语从句 (3) 定语从句 (4) 主语从句 (5) 表语从句 20. 间接引语 21. 省略 22. 倒装 23. 强调 24. 虚拟语气 附录 3 功能意念项目表 1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)‎ ‎(1) 问候 (Greetings)‎ ‎(2) 介绍 (Introduction)‎ ‎(3) 告别 (Farewells )‎ ‎(4) 感谢 (Thanks )‎ ‎(5) 道歉 (Apologies)‎ ‎(6) 邀请 (Invitation)‎ ‎(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)‎ ‎(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)‎ ‎(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)‎ ‎(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)‎ ‎(11) 约会 (Making appointments)‎ ‎(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)‎ ‎(13) 就餐 (Having meals)‎ ‎(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)‎ ‎(15) 购物 (Shopping)‎ ‎(16) 问路 (Asking the way)‎ ‎(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)‎ ‎(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)‎ ‎(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)‎ ‎(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)‎ ‎(21) 劝告 (Advice)‎ ‎(22) 建议 (Suggestions)‎ 2. 态度 (Attitudes)‎ (23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)‎ (24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)‎ (25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)‎ (26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)‎ (27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)‎ (28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)‎ (29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)‎ (30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)‎ (31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)‎ (32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)‎ (33) 冷淡 (Indifference)‎ (34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation) 3. 情感 (Emotions)‎ (35) 高兴 (Happiness)‎ (36) 惊奇 (Surprise)‎ (37) 忧虑 (Worries)‎ (38) 安慰 (Reassurance)‎ (39) 满意 (Satisfaction)‎ (40) 遗憾 (Regret)‎ (41) 同情 (Sympathy)‎ (42) 恐惧 (Fear)‎ (43) 愤怒 (Anger)‎ ‎4. 时间 (Time)‎ ‎(44) 时刻 (Point of time)‎ (45) 时段 (Duration)‎ (46) 频度 (Frequency)‎ (47) 时序 (Sequence) 5. 空间 (Space)‎ (48) 位置 (Position)‎ (49) 方向 (Direction)‎ (50) 距离 (Distance) 6. 存在 (Existence)‎ (51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)‎ (52) 形状 (Shape)‎ (53) 颜色 (Colour)‎ (54) 材料 (Material)‎ (55) 价格 (Price)‎ (54) 规格 (Size)‎ (55) 年龄 (Age)‎ ‎8. 计量 (Measurement)‎ (58) 长度 (Length)‎ (59) 宽度 (Width)‎ (60) 高度 (Height)‎ (61) 数量 (Number) 9. 比较 (Comparison)‎ (62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)‎ (63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)‎ (64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)‎ (65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)‎ (66) 目的 (Purpose)‎ ‎11. 职业 (Occupations)‎ (67) 工作 (Jobs)‎ (68) 单位 (Employer)‎ 附录 4 话题项目表 1. 个人情况 (Personal information)‎ 2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)‎ 3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)‎ 4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)‎ 5. 学校生活 (School life)‎ 6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)‎ 7. 个人感情 (Emotions)‎ 8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)‎ 9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)‎ 10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)‎ 11. 购物 (Shopping)‎ 12. 饮食 (Food and drink)‎ 13. 健康 (Health)‎ 14. 天气 (Weather)‎ 15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)‎ 16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)‎ 17. 语言学习 (Language learning)‎ 18. 自然 (Nature)‎ 19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)‎ 20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)‎ 21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)‎ 22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)‎ 23. 社会 (Society)‎ 24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)‎ 附录 5‎ 词汇表 A accommodation n a(an)‎ art accompany v abandon v accomplish v ability n account n able a accountant n abnormal a accumulate v aboard prep accuracy n abolish v accurate a abortion n accuse v about ad & prep accustomed a above prep,a & ad ache v & n abroad ad achieve v abrupt a achievement n absence n acid a absent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire v abstract a & n acquisition n absurd a acre n abundant a across prep abuse v act n & v academic a & n action n academy n active a accelerate v activity n accent n actor n accept v actress n access n & v actual a accessible a acute a accident n AD abbr ad=advertisement n afford v adapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa n add v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s)‎ ad adequate a again ad adjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda n admire v agent n admission n aggressive a admit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement n adopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture n adult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS n adventure n aim n & v advertise v air n advertisement n aircraft n advice n airline n advise v airmail n advocate v airplane n affair n airport n affect v airspace n affection n alarm n & v album n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance n all ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample a allow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse v alone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote n also ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium anniversary n ‎(Am aluminum) n announce v always ad annoy v am v(be)‎ annual a a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n & v amaze v ant n Antarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch n anyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)‎ apart ad & a area n apartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & v appear v armchair n appearance n army n appendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement n apple n arrest v applicant n arrival n application n arrive v apply v arrow n appoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n & v as ad,conj & prep ash n attend v ashamed a attention n Asia n attitude n Asian a & n attract v aside ad attraction n ask v attractive a asleep a audience n aspect n aunt n assess v authentic a assessment n author n assist v authority n assistance n automatic a assistant n autonomous a associate v autumn n association n available a assume v avenue n assumption n average a & n astonish v avoid v astronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award n astronomy n aware a at prep away ad athlete n awesome a athletic a awful a Atlantic a awkward a atmosphere n atom n B attach v baby n attack v & n bachelor n attain v back ad,a & n attempt v & n background n backward(s) ad basin n bacon n basis n bacterium(pl bacteria) n basket n bad(worse,worst) a basketball n badminton n bat n bag n bath n baggage n bathe v bakery n bathroom n balance n bathtub n balcony n battery n ball n battle n ballet n bay n balloon n BC abbr bamboo n be(am,is,are,was,‎ ban n & v were,being,been)‎ v banana n beach n band n bean n bandage n bean curd n bank n bear1‎ n bar n bear2‎ v barbecue n beard n barber n beast n barbershop n beat(beat,beaten)‎ v & n bare a beautiful a bargain n & v beauty n bark v & n because conj barrier n become(became,become) v base n bed n baseball n beddings n basement n bedroom n basic a bee n beef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill n before prep,ad&conj bingo n beg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird n behaviour(Am behavior) n birth n behind prep & ad birthday n being n birthplace n belief n biscuit n believe v bishop n bell n bit n belly n bite(bit,bitten)‎ v belong v bitter a below prep black a & n belt n blackboard n bench n blame n & v bend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed v benefit n & v bless v bent a & n blind a beside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood n betray v blouse n between prep blow(blew,blown) v beyond prep blue n & a bicycle n board n & v bid v & n boat n big a body n boil v brain n bomb n & v brake n & v bond n & v branch n bone n brand n bonus n brave a book n & v bravery n boom n & v bread n boot n break(broke,broken)‎ v & n booth n breakfast n border n breakthrough n bored a breast n boring a breath n born a breathe v borrow v breathless a boss n brewery n botanical a brick n botany n bride n both a & pron bridegroom n bother v bridge n bottle n brief a bottom n bright a bounce v brilliant a bound a bring(brought,brought) v boundary n broad a bow v & n broadcast(broadcast,‎ bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed)‎ v bowling n brochure n box n broken a boxing n broom n boy n brother n boycott v brown n & a brunch n C brush v & n cab n Buddhism n cabbage n budget n cafe n buffet n cafeteria n build(built,built) v cage n building n cake n bunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & v burden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel n burglar n camera n burn(burnt,burnt camp n & v 或-ed,-ed)‎ v & n campaign n burst v can1(could);‎ bury v can’t=cannot modal v bus n can2‎ n bush n canal n business n cancel v businessman/woman cancer n ‎(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate n busy a candle n but conj & prep candy n butcher n & v canteen n butter n cap n butterfly n capital n button n & v capsule n buy(bought,bought) v captain n by prep caption n bye int car n carbon n card n ceiling n care n & v celebrate v careful a celebration n careless a cell n carpenter n cent n carpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetre carrier n ‎(Am centimeter)‎ n carrot n central a carry v centre(Am center)‎ n cartoon n century n carve v ceremony n case n certain a cash n & v certificate n cassette n chain n cast(cast,cast) v chair n castle n chairman/woman casual a ‎(pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk n catalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging a catch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance n cater v change n & v Catholic a changeable a cattle n channel n cause n & v chant v & n caution n chaos n cautious a chapter n cave n character n CD=compact disk n characteristic a & n charge v & n Christmas n chart n church n chat n & v cigar n cheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen n chef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check)‎ n clap v chess n clarify v chest n class n chew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children)‎ n classroom n childhood n claw n chocolate n clay n choice n clean v & a choir n cleaner n choke n & v clear a choose(chose,chosen) v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate n climb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy n clock n comfort n clone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit v cloud n commitment n cloudy a committee n club n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company n coffee n compare v coin n compass n coincidence n compensate v coke n compete v cold a & n competence n collar n competition n colleague n complete a & v collect v complex a & n collection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour(Am color) n & v compromise v comb n & v compulsory a combine v computer n concentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1‎ n conference n content2‎ a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient a consequence n conventional a conservation n conversation n conservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n & v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool a copy n & v creature n corn n credit n corner n crew n corporation n crime n correct v & a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria) n correspond v crop n corrupt a & v cross n & v cost n & v crossing n cosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & v cotton n & a cruel a cough n & v cry n & v could modal v cube n count v cubic a counter n cuisine n country n culture n countryside n cup n couple n cupboard n courage n cure n & v course n curious a court n currency n courtyard n curriculum n cousin n curtain n cover n & v cushion n cow n custom n crash v & n customer n crayon n customs n crazy a cut(cut,cut)‎ v & n cream n cycle v create v cyclist n declare v D decline v dad=daddy n decorate v daily a,ad & n decoration n dam n decrease v damage n & v deed n damp a & n deep a & ad dance n & v deer n danger n defeat v dangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend v dark a & n degree n darkness n delay n & v dash v & n delete v & n data n deliberately ad database n delicate a date n & v delicious a daughter n delight n dawn n delighted a day n deliver v dead a demand v deadline n dentist n deaf a department(Dept.) n deal n departure n dear a depend v death n deposit v & n debate n & v depth n debt n describe v decade n description n decide v desert v & n decision n deserve v design v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip v destroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled a dial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster n diet n discount n differ v discourage v difference n discover v different a discovery n difficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss v dig(dug,dug)‎ v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish n disk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v division n divorce v dizzy a do(did,done) v doctor n document n dog n doll n dollar n donate v door n dormitory(dorm) n dot n double a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v ‎‎ downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen n Dr=doctor n draft n & v drag v draw(drew,drawn)‎ v drawback n drawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)‎ n & v dress n & v drill n & v drink(drank,drunk)‎ v drive(drove,driven)‎ v driver n drop n & v drug n drum n drunk a dry v & a duck n due a dull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty n DVD=digital versatile disk n elect v dynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical a electricity n E electronic a each a & pron elegant a eager a elephant n eagle n else ad ear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass v earn v embassy n earth n emergency n earthquake n emperor n east a,ad & n employ v Easter n empty a eastern a encourage v easy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten)‎ v end n & v ecology n ending n edge n endless a edition n enemy n editor n energetic a educate v energy n education n engine n educator n engineer n effect n enjoy v effort n enjoyable a egg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a & ad either a,conj & ad enquiry n elder n enter v enterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence n entire a evident a entrance n evolution n entry n exact a envelope n exam=examination n environment n examine v envy v & n example n equal a & v excellent a equality n except prep equip v exchange n & v equipment n excite v eraser n excuse n & v error n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist v especially ad existence n essay n exit n Europe n expand v European a & n expect v evaluate v expectation n even ad expense n evening n expensive a event n experience n eventually ad experiment n ever ad expert n every a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode v explore v fantastic a export n & v fantasy n expose v far(farther,farthest express v & n 或 further,furthest)‎ a & ad expression n fare n extension n farm n extra a farmer n extraordinary a fast a & ad extreme a fasten v eye n fat n & a eyesight n father n fault n F favour(Am favor)‎ n face n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & v fact n fear n factory n feast n fade v feather n fail v & n federal a failure n fee n fair1‎ a feed(fed,fed)‎ v fair2‎ n feel(felt,felt)‎ v faith n feeling n fall1(fell,fallen)‎ v fellow n fall2(Am)=autumn n female a & n false a fence n familiar a ferry n family n festival n & a famous a fetch v fan n fever n fancy n,v & a few pron & a fibre(Am fiber) n flat2‎ n fiction n flee(fled,fled)‎ v field n flesh n fierce a flexible a fight(fought,fought)‎ n & v flight n figure n & v float v file n flood n & v fill v floor n film n & v flour n final a flow v finance n flower n find(found,found)‎ v flu n fine1‎ a fluency n fine2‎ v fluent a finger n fly1(flew,flown)‎ v fingernail n fly2‎ n finish v & n focus v & n fire n & v fog n fireworks n foggy a firm1‎ n fold v firm2‎ a folk n & a fish n & v follow v fisherman n fond a fist n food n fit a & v fool n & v fix v foolish a flag n foot(pl feet) n flame n football n flash n for prep & conj flashlight n forbid(forbade,forbidden) v flat1‎ a force v forecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh a foreign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen)‎ v friend n forest n friendly a forever ad friendship n forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog n forgive(forgave,forgiven)‎ v from prep fork n front a & n form n & v frontier n format n frost n former a fruit n fortnight n fry v fortunate a fuel n fortune n full a forward ad fun n & a foster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral n fox n funny a fragile a fur n fragrant a furnished a framework n furniture n franc n future n free a freedom n G freeway n gain v freeze(froze,frozen) v gallery n freezing a gallon n game n glue n garage n go(went,gone)‎ v garbage n goal n garden n goat n garlic n god n garment n gold n & a gas n golden a gate n golf n gather v good(better,best) a gay a goods n general a & n goose(pl geese)‎ n generation n govern v generous a government n gentle a grade n gentleman n gradual a geography n graduate v geometry n graduation n gesture n grain n get(got,got) v gram n gift n grammar n gifted a grand a giraffe n grandchild n girl n granddaughter n give(gave,given) v grandma=grandmother n glad a grandpa=grandfather n glance v grandparents n glare v grandson n glass n granny n globe n grape n glory n graph n glove n grasp v grass n hair n grateful a haircut n gravity n half a & n great a & ad hall n greedy a ham n green a & n hamburger n greengrocer n hammer n greet v hand n & v greeting n handbag n grey(Am gray) a handful n grill n handkerchief n grocer n handle n & v grocery n handsome a ground n handwriting n group n handy a grow(grew,grown)‎ v hang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v growth n happen v guarantee v happiness n guard n happy a guess v harbour(Am harbor) n guest n hard ad & a guidance n hardly ad guide n hardship n guilty a hardworking a guitar n harm n & v gun n harmful a gym=gymnasium n harmony n gymnastics n harvest n & v hat n H hatch v habit n hate v & n have(has,had,had)‎ v hide(hid,hidden)‎ v he pron high a & ad head n & v highway n headache n hill n headline n him pron headmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire v health n his pron healthy a history n hear(heard,heard)‎ v hit(hit,hit)‎ v & n hearing n hobby n heart n hold(held,held) v heat n hole n heaven n holiday n heavy a holy a heel n home n & ad height n homeland n helicopter n hometown n hello int homework n helmet n honest a help n & v honey n helpful a honour(Am honor)‎ n & v hen n hook n & v her pron hope n & v herb n hopeful a here ad hopeless a hero n horrible a hers pron horse n herself pron hospital n hesitate v host n & v hi int hostess n hot a identity n hotdog n identification n hotel n idiom n hour n if conj house n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal a how ad illness n however ad & conj imagine v howl v immediately ad hug v immigration n huge a import v & n human a & n importance n human being n important a humorous a impossible a humour(Am humor) n impress v hunger n impression n hungry a improve v hunt v in prep & ad hunter n inch n hurricane n incident n hurry v include v hurt(hurt,hurt)‎ v income n husband n increase v & n hydrogen n indeed a independence n I independent a I pron indicate v ice n industry n ice-cream n influence n & v idea n inform v information n interval n initial a interview n & v injure v into prep injury n introduce v ink n introduction n inn n invent v innocent a invention n insect n invitation n insert v invite v inside prep & ad iron n & v insist v irrigation n inspect v is v(be)‎ inspire v island n instant a it pron instead ad its pron institute n itself pron institution n instruct v J instruction n jacket n instrument n jam n insurance n jar n insure v jaw n intelligence n jazz n intend v jeans n intention n jeep n interest n jet n interesting a jewellery(Am jewelry) n international a job n Internet n jog v interpreter n join v interrupt v joke n journalist n kiss n & v journey n kitchen n joy n kite n judge n & v knee n judgement knife(pl knives)‎ n ‎(Am judgment)‎ n knock n & v juice n know(knew,known) v jump n & v knowledge n jungle n junior a L just a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour(Am labor)‎ n lack n & v K lady n kangaroo n lake n keep(kept,kept)‎ v lamb n kettle n lame a key n lamp n keyboard n land n & v kick v & n language n kid n lantern n kill v lap n kilo n large a kilogram n last a & v kilometre(Am kilometer) n late a & ad kind1‎ n latter n kind2‎ a laugh n & v kindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry n king n law n kingdom n lawyer n lay(laid,laid)‎ v lazy a lead(led,led)‎ v & n leader n leaf(pl leaves)‎ n league n leak v learn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) v least n leather n leave(left,left)‎ v lecture n left a,ad & n leg n legal a lemon n & a lemonade n lend(lent,lent)‎ v length n lesson n let(let,let)‎ v letter n level n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license n lid n lie1‎ n & v ‎‎ lie2(lay,lain)‎ v life(pl lives)‎ n lift v & n light n,v & a lightning n like v & prep likely a limit v line n & v link v & n lion n lip n liquid n & a list n & v listen v literature n literary a litre(Am liter)‎ n litter v little(less,least)‎ a live v & a lively a load n loaf n local a lock n & v lonely a long a & ad look n & v loose a lorry n lose(lost,lost)‎ v manage v loss n manager n lot n mankind n loud a manner n lounge n many(more,most)‎ pron & a love n & v map n lovely a maple n low a & ad marathon n luck n marble n lucky a march n & v luggage n mark n & v lunch n market n lung n marriage n marry v M mask n & v machine n mass n mad a master v & n madam/madame n mat n magazine n match v & n magic a material n maid n mathematics mail n & v ‎=math/maths n mailbox n matter n & v main a mature a mainland n maximum a & n major a may modal v majority n maybe ad make1‎ n me pron make2(made,made) v meal n male a & n mean(meant,meant)‎ v man(pl men)‎ n meaning n means n microwave n meanwhile ad middle n measure v midnight n meat n might modal v medal n mild a media n mile n medical a milk n & v medicine n millimetre medium n ‎(Am millimeter) n meet(met,met)‎ v & n millionaire n meeting n mind n & v melon n mine1‎ n & v member n mine2‎ pron memorial n & a mineral n memory n minibus n mend v minimum a mental a minister n mention n & v ministry n menu n minority n merchant a & n minus prep & a merciful a minute n mercy n mirror n merely ad miss1‎ n merry a miss2‎ v mess n missile n message n mist n messy a mistake metal n & a ‎(mistook,mistaken) v & n method n mistaken a metre(Am meter)‎ n misunderstand microscope n ‎(misunderstood,misunderstood) v mix v mourn v mixture n mouse(pl mice)‎ n mobile a moustache n model n mouth n modem n move v modern a movement n modest a movie n mom=mum n Mr.(mister)‎ n moment n Mrs.(mistress)‎ n mommy=mummy n Ms.‎ n money n much a & ad monitor n mud n monkey n muddy a month n multiply v monument n murder v moon n museum n mop n & v mushroom n moral a & n music n more(much,many)‎ a,ad & n musical a & n morning n musician n Moslem n must modal v mosquito n mustard n most a & ad mutton n mother n my pron motherland n myself pron motivation n motor n N motorcycle n nail n motto n name n & v mountain n narrow a mountainous a nation n national a nice a nationality n niece n nationwide ad night n native a no ad & a natural a No.=number n nature n noble a navy n nobody n & pron near a,ad & prep nod v nearby a noise n nearly ad noisy a neat a none pron necessary a noodle n neck n noon n necklace n nor conj need n & modal v normal n & a needle n north a,ad & n negotiate v northeast n neighbour(Am neighbor) n northern a neighbourhood northwest n ‎(Am neighborhood) n nose n neither a not ad nephew n note n & v nervous a notebook n nest n nothing pron,n & a net n notice n & v network n novel n never ad novelist n new a now ad news n nowadays ad newspaper n nowhere ad next a & ad nuclear a numb a O.K.‎ ad number n old a nurse n Olympic(s)‎ a & n nursery n on prep & ad nut n once n,ad & conj nutrition n one pron oneself pron O onion n obey v only a & ad object n onto prep observe v open a & v obtain v opening n obvious a opera n occupation n operate v occupy v operation n occur v operator n ocean n opinion n Oceania n oppose v o’clock n opposite n & a of prep optimistic a off prep & ad optional a offence n or conj offer n & v oral a office n orange n & a officer n orbit n official n & a order n & v offshore a ordinary a often ad organ n oh int organise(Am organize) v oil n & v organisation oilfield n ‎(Am organization) n origin n oxygen n other pron & a otherwise ad P ought modal v pace n our pron Pacific a ours pron pack n & v ourselves pron package n out ad packet n outcome n paddle n outdoors ad page n outer a pain n outgoing a painful a outing n paint n & v outline n painter n output n painting n outside n,ad & prep pair n outspoken a palace n outstanding a pale a outward(s)‎ ad pan n oval n & ad pancake n over prep & ad panda n overcoat n panic a & v overcome v paper n overhead a paperwork n overlook v paragraph n overweight a parallel a & n owe v parcel n own a & v pardon n owner n parent n ownership n park1‎ n ox(pl oxen)‎ n park2‎ v parking n pear n parrot n pedestrian n part n,a & v pen n participate v pence n particular a pencil n partly ad penny n partner n pension n part-time a & ad people n party n pepper n pass v per prep passage n percent n passenger n percentage n passer-by n perfect a passive a perform v passport n performance n past ad,n & prep performer n patent n perfume n path n perhaps ad patience n period n patient1‎ n permanent a patient2‎ a permission n pattern n permit v & n pause n & v person n pavement n personal a pay(paid,paid) v & n personnel n P.C.=personal computer n personally ad P.E.=physical education n persuade v pea n pest n peace n pet n peaceful a petrol n peach n phenomenon ‎(pl phenomena)‎ n place n & v phone = telephone n & v plain a photo = photograph n plan n & v photograph n plane n photographer n planet n phrase n plant v & n physical a plastic a physician n plate n physicist n platform n physics n play v & n pianist n playground n piano n pleasant a pick v please v picnic n & v pleased a picture n pleasure n pie n plenty n piece n plot v & n pig n plug n pile n plus v & prep pill n p.m./pm,P.M./PM abbr pillow n pocket n pilot n poem n pin n & v poet n pine n point v & n pineapple n poison n ping-pong n poisonous a pink a & n pole n pint n police n pioneer n policeman/woman pipe n ‎(pl policemen/policewomen) n pity n policy n polish v postman(pl postmen)‎ n polite a postpone v political a pot n politician n potato n politics n potential a pollute v pound n pollution n pour v pond n powder n pool n power n poor a powerful a pop = popular a practical a popcorn n practice n & v popular a practise(Am practice)‎ v population n praise n & v pork n pray v porridge n prayer n port n precious a portable a precise a porter n predict v position n prefer v positive a preference n possess v pregnant a possession n prejudice n possibility n premier n possible a preparation n post1‎ n prepare v post2‎ v & n prescription n postage n present1‎ a & v postcard n present2‎ n postcode n presentation n poster n preserve v president n progress n & v press1‎ v prohibit v press2‎ n project n pressure n promise n & v pretend v promote v pretty a pronounce v prevent v pronunciation n preview v proper a previous a properly ad price n protect v pride n protection n primary a proud a primitive a prove v principle n provide v print v province n prison n psychology n prisoner n pub n private a public a & n privilege n publish v prize n pull v & n probably ad pulse n problem n pump v procedure n punctual a process n & v punctuation n produce v punish v product n punishment n production n pupil n profession n purchase v professor n pure a profit n purple n & a programme(Am program) n purpose n purse n radium n push n & v rag n put(put,put)‎ v rail n puzzle n railway n pyramid n rain n & v rainbow n Q raincoat n quake n & v rainfall n qualification n rainy a quality n raise v quantity n random a quarrel v & n range n & v quarter n rank n queen n rapid a question v & n rare a questionnaire n rat n queue n & v rate n & v quick a & ad rather ad quiet a raw a quilt n ray n quit v razor n quite ad reach v quiz n react v read(read,read) v R reading n rabbit n ready a race v & n real a racial a realise(Am realize) v radiation n reality n radio n really ad radioactive a reason v & n reasonable a regret n & v rebuild(rebuilt,rebuilt) v regular a receipt n regulation n receive v reject v receiver n relate v recent a relation n reception n relationship n receptionist n relative n recipe n relax v recite v relay n & v recognize(Am recognize) v relevant a recommend v reliable a record n & v relief n recorder n religion n recover v religious a recreation n rely v rectangle n & a remain v recycle v remark n red n & a remember v reduce v remind v refer v remote a referee n remove v reference n rent n & v reflect v repair n & v reform v & n repeat v refresh v replace v refrigerator n reply n & v refuse v report n & v regard v & n reporter n regardless a represent v register n & v representative n republic n 或 ridded,ridded)‎ v reputation n riddle n request n ridiculous a require v ride(rode,ridden)‎ v & n requirement n right n,a & ad rescue v rigid a research n ring(rang,rung)‎ v & n resemble v ripe a reservation n ripen v reserve n & v rise(rose,risen)‎ v resign v risk n & v resist v river n respect v & n road n respond v roast v responsibility n rob v rest n & v robot n restaurant n rock n restriction n rocket n result n role n retell v roll v & n retire v roof n return v room n review v & n rooster n revision n root n revolution n rope n reward n rose n rewind v rot v rhyme n & v rough a rice n round ad,prep & a rich a roundabout a & n rid(rid,rid routine n row n & v royal a rubber n rubbish n rude a rugby n ruin v & n rule n & v ruler n run(ran,run) v rush v S sacred a sacrifice v sad a sadness n safe a safety n sail n & v sailor n salad n salary n sale n salesgirl n salesman/woman ‎(pl salesmen/women) n salt n salty a salute n & v same n & a ‎‎ sand n sandwich n satellite n satisfaction n satisfy v saucer n sausage n save v say(said,said)‎ v saying n scan v scar n scare v scarf n scene n scenery n sceptical(Am skeptical) a schedule n & v scholar n scholarship n school n schoolbag n schoolboy/girl n schoolmate n science n scientific a scientist n scissors n scold v score n & v scratch v & n scream n senior a & n screen n sense n sculpture n sensitive a sea n sentence n seagull n separate v & a seal n separation n search n & v serious a seashell n servant n seaside n serve v season n service n seat n session n seaweed n set(set,set)‎ v & n second a & n settle v secret a & n settlement n secretary n settler n section n several pron & a secure a severe a security n sew(sewed,sewn/sewed) v see(saw,seen)‎ v sex n seed n shabby a seek v shade n seem v shadow n seize v shake(shook,shaken) v seldom ad shall modal v select v shallow a self n shame n selfish a shape n & v sell(sold,sold)‎ v share v semicircle n shark n seminar n sharp a send(sent,sent)‎ v sharpen v sharpener n 或 shrunk,shrunken)‎ v shave shut(shut,shut)‎ v ‎(shaved,shaved/shaven)‎ v shuttle n shaver n shy a she pron sick a sheep(pl sheep)‎ n sickness n sheet n side n shelf(pl shelves)‎ n sideroad(Am sidewalk)‎ n shelter n sideways ad shine(shone,shone) v sigh v & n ship n & v sight n shirt n sightseeing n shock v signal n shoe n signature n shoot(shot,shot)‎ v & n significance n shop v & n silence n shopkeeper n silent a shopping n silk n shore n silly a short a silver n shortcoming n similar a shortly ad simple a shorts n simplify v shot n since ad,conj & prep should modal v sincerely ad shoulder n sing(sang,sung)‎ v shout n & v single a show sink(sank,sunk)‎ v & n ‎(showed,shown/showed)‎ v & n sir n shower n sister n shrink(shrank,shrunk sit(sat,sat)‎ v situation n smoker n size n smooth a skate v snake n skateboard n sneaker n ski n & v sneeze v skilful a sniff v skill n snow n & v skin n snowy a skip v so ad & conj skirt n soap n sky n sob n & v skyscraper n soccer n slave n social a slavery n socialism n sleep1‎ n socialist a sleep2(slept,slept) v society n sleepy a sock n sleeve n socket n slice n sofa n slide n & v soft a slight a software n slim a soil n slip n solar a slow ad soldier n small a solid a & n smart a some a & pron smell(smelt,smelt somebody pron 或-ed,-ed)‎ v & n somehow ad smile n & v someone pron smog n something pron smoke n & v sometimes ad somewhere ad spelling n son n spend(spent,spent) v song n spin v & n soon ad spirit n sorrow n spiritual a sorry a spit v sort v & n splendid a soul n split v sound v & n spoken a soup n spokesman/woman sour a ‎(pl spokesmen/women)‎ n south a,ad & n sponsor n southeast n spoon n southern a spoonful n southwest n sport n souvenir n spot n & v sow(sowed,sown/-ed)‎ v spray n & v space n spread(spread,spread)‎ v spaceship n spring n spade n spy n & v spare a square n & a sparrow n squeeze v speak(spoke,spoken)‎ v squirrel n speaker n stable a spear n stadium n special a staff n specialist n stage n specific a stain n speech n stainless a speed n & v stair n spell v stamp n stand(stood,stood)‎ v & n storage n standard n & a store n & v star n storm n stare v story n start v stout a starvation n stove n starve v straight a & ad state n straightforward a & adv station n strait n statement n strange a statesman/woman stranger n ‎(pl statesmen/women) n straw n statistics n strawberry n statue n stream n status n street n stay n & v strength n steady a strengthen v steak n stress n & v steal(stole,stolen)‎ v strict a steam n strike steel n ‎(struck,struck /stricken) v & n steep a string n step n & v strong a steward n struggle v stewardess n stubborn a stick(stuck,stuck)‎ v & n student n still a & ad studio n stocking n study v & n stomach n stupid a stone n style n stop n & v subject n subjective a supply v & n submit v support v & n subscribe v suppose v substitute v supreme a succeed v sure a & ad success n surface n successful a surgeon n such ad,pron & a surplus n suck v surprise v & n sudden a surround v suffer v surrounding a suffering n survive v sugar n survival n suggest v suspect v & n suggestion n suspension n suit v & n swallow v suitable a swap v suitcase n swear(swore,sworn)‎ v suite n sweat n summary n sweater n summer n sweep(swept,swept)‎ v sun n sweet n & a sunburnt a swell(swelled,swollen) v sunlight n swift a sunny a swim(swam,swum)‎ v sunshine n swing v & n super a switch v & n superb a sword n superior a & n symbol n supermarket n sympathy n supper n symphony n symptom n teapot n system n tear(tore,torn)‎ v & n systematic a tease v technical a T technique n table n technology n table tennis n teenager n tablet n telephone n & v tail n telescope n tailor n television n take(took,taken) v tell(told,told)‎ v tale n temperature n talent n temple n talk n & v temporary a tall a tend v tank n tendency n tap n tennis n tape n tense a target n & v tension n task n tent n taste n & v tentative a tasteless a term n tasty a terminal a & n tax n terrible a taxi n terrify v taxpayer n terror n tea n test v & n teach(taught,taught) v text n teacher n textbook n team n than conj teamwork n thank v & n thankful a that pron,conj & ad the art theatre(Am theater) n theft n their pron theirs pron them pron theme n themselves pron then ad theoretical a theory n there int,n & ad therefore ad thermos n these a & pron they pron thick a thief(pl thieves) n thin a thing n think(thought,thought) v thinking n thirst n this a & pron thorough a those a & pron though conj thought n thread n ‎‎ thrill n & v thriller n throat n through prep & ad throughout prep throw(threw,thrown) v thunder n & v thunderstorm n thus ad tick v ticket n tidy a & v tie v & n tiger n tight a till conj & prep time n & v timetable n tin n tiny a tip n & v tire v tired a tiresome a tissue n title n to prep toast v & n tobacco n today ad & n together ad toilet n trade n & v tolerate v tradition n tomato n traditional a tomb n traffic n tomorrow ad & n train n & v ton n training n tongue n tram n tonight ad & n transform v too ad translate v tool n translation n tooth(pl teeth) n translator n toothache n transparent a toothbrush n transport n & v toothpaste n trap n & v top n travel n & v topic n traveller(Am traveler) n tortoise n treasure n total a,n & v treat v touch v treatment n tough a tree n tour n tremble v tourism n trend n tourist n trial n tournament n triangle n toward(s)‎ prep trick n towel n trip n tower n trolleybus n town n troop n toy n trouble v & n track n troublesome a tractor n trousers n truck n uncertain a true a uncle n truly ad uncomfortable a trunk n unconditional a trust v unconscious a truth n under ad & prep try v underground a & n T-shirt n underline v tube n understand tune n ‎(understood,understood)‎ v turkey n undertake turn v & n ‎(undertook,undertaken)‎ v turning n underwear n tutor n unemployment n TV=television n unfair a twice ad unfit a twin n unfortunate a twist v & n uniform n type v union n typewriter n unique a typical a unit n typhoon n unite v typist n universal a tyre(Am tire)‎ n universe n university n U unless conj ugly a unlike prep umbrella n unrest n unable a until prep & conj unbearable a unusual a unbelievable a unwilling a up ad,a,n & prep VCD=versatile compact disk n update v & n vegetable n upon prep vehicle n upper a version n upset a vertical a upstairs ad very ad upward(s) ad vest n urban a via prep urge v vice n urgent a victim n us pron victory n use n & v video n used a videophone n useful a view n useless a village n user n villager n usual a vinegar n violate v V violence n vacation n violent a vacant a violin n vague a violinist n vain n virtue n valid a virus n valley n visa n valuable a visit n & v value n visitor n variety n visual a various a vital a vase n vivid a vast a vocabulary n voice n waste n & v volcano n watch v & n volleyball n water n & v voluntary a watermelon n volunteer n & v wave n & v vote v wax n voyage n way n we pron W web n wag v website n wage n weak a waist n weakness n wait v wealth n waiter n wealthy a waiting-room n wear(wore,worn)‎ v waitress n weather n wake(woke,woken) v wedding n walk n & v weed n wall n week n wallet n weekday n walnut n weekend n wander v weekly a want v weep v war n weigh v ward n weight n warehouse n welcome int,n,v & a warm a welfare n warmth n well1‎ n warn v well2(better,best)‎ ad,a & int wash v & n west a,ad & n washroom n western a westward(s)‎ ad wet a whale n what pron & a whatever conj & pron wheat n wheel n when conj & ad whenever conj where conj & ad wherever conj whether conj which pron & a whichever pron while conj & n whisper v whistle n white a & n who pron whole a whom pron whose pron why ad & int wide a widespread a widow n wife n wild a wildlife n will1‎ n will2(would)‎ modal v ‎‎ willing a win(won,won)‎ v wind1‎ n wind2(wound,wound)‎ v window n windy a wine n wing n winner n winter n wipe v wire n wisdom n wise a wish n & v with prep withdraw v within prep without prep witness v & n wolf(pl wolves)‎ n woman(pl women) n wonder v & n wonderful a wood n wool n woollen(Am woolen)‎ a word n work n & v worker n world n worldwide a yell v worm n yellow a & n worn a yes ad worried a yesterday n & ad worry n & v yet ad worth a yoghurt n worthwhile a you pron worthy a young a would modal v your pron wound v & n yours pron wrestle v yourself(pl yourselves) pron wrinkle n youth n wrist n yummy a write(wrote,written)‎ v wrong a Z zebra n X zero n & num X-ray n zip v & n zipper n Y zone n yard n zoo n yawn v zoom v year n 数词 基数词 序数词 one ‎1st first two ‎2nd second three ‎3rd third four ‎4th fourth five ‎5th fifth six ‎6th sixth seven ‎7th seventh eight ‎8th eighth nine ‎9th ninth ten ‎10th tenth eleven ‎11th eleventh twelve ‎12th twelfth thirteen ‎13th thirteenth fourteen ‎14th fourteenth fifteen ‎15th fifteenth sixteen ‎16th sixteenth seventeen ‎17th seventeenth eighteen ‎18th eighteenth nineteen ‎19th nineteenth twenty ‎20th twentieth twenty-one ‎21st twenty-first twenty-two ‎22nd twenty-second twenty-three ‎23rd twenty-third thirty ‎30th thirtieth forty ‎40th fortieth fifty ‎50th fiftieth sixty ‎60th sixtieth seventy ‎70th seventieth eighty ‎80th eightieth ninety ‎90th ninetieth one hundred ‎100th one hundredth one hundred(and) one ‎101st one hundred and first one hundred(and) two ‎102nd one hundred and second three hundred ‎300th three hundredth one thousand ‎1000th one thousandth three thousand ‎3000th three thousandth ten thousand ‎10000th ten thousandth million ‎1000000th millionth billion ‎1000000000th billionth 月份 January (Jan.)‎ February (Feb.)‎ March (Mar.)‎ April (Apr.)‎ May (May)‎ June (Jun.)‎ July (Jul.)‎ August (Aug.)‎ September (Sept.)‎ October (Oct.)‎ November (Nov.)‎ December (Dec.)‎ 星期 Monday (Mon.)‎ Tuesday (Tues.)‎ Wednesday (Wed.)‎ Thursday (Thurs.)‎ Friday (Fri.)‎ Saturday (Sat.)‎ Sunday (Sun.)‎ 主要国家名称及相关信息 RELATED 国家 COUNTRY n.‎ PERSON n.‎ ADJECTIVES 阿富汗 Afghanistan Afghan Afghan 阿尔及利亚 Algeria Algerian Algerian 阿根廷 Argentina Argentinian Argentinian 澳大利亚 Australia Australian Australian 奥地利 Austria Austrian Austrian 比利时 Belgium Belgian Belgian 巴西 Brazil Brazilian Brazilian Britain/U.K.=the 英国 British British United Kingdom 缅甸 Burma Burmese Burmese 加拿大 Canada Canadian Canadian 中国 China Chinese Chinese 哥伦比亚 Colombia Colombian Colombian 古巴 Cuba Cuban Cuban 丹麦 Denmark Dane Danish 埃及 Egypt Egyptian Egyptian 芬兰 Finland Finn Finnish 法国 France French French 德国 Germany German German 希腊 Greece Greek Greek Holland/‎ 荷兰 Dutch Dutch Netherlands 匈牙利 Hungary Hungarian Hungarian 印度 India Indian Indian 印度尼西亚 Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian 伊朗 Iran Iranian Iranian 伊拉克 Iraq Iraqi Iraqi 爱尔兰 Ireland Irish Irish 以色列 Israel Israeli Israeli 意大利 Italy Italian Italian 日本 Japan Japanese Japanese 约旦 Jordan Jordanian Jordanian 肯尼亚 Kenya Kenyan Kenyan 朝鲜 D.P.R.Korea Korean Korean 科威特 Kuwait Kuwaiti Kuwaiti 黎巴嫩 Lebanon Lebanese Lebanese 卢森堡 Luxembourg Luxembourger Luxembourgish 马来西亚 Malaysia Malaysian Malaysian 墨西哥 Mexico Mexican Mexican 新西兰 New Zealand New Zealander Zelanian 挪威 Norway Norwegian Norwegian 巴基斯坦 Pakistan Pakistani Pakistani 巴拿马 Panama Panamanian Panamanian 菲律宾 Philippines Filipino Philippine 波兰 Poland Polish Polish 葡萄牙 Portugal Portuguese Portuguese 俄罗斯 Russia Russian Russian 新加坡 Singapore Singaporean Singaporean 南非 South Africa South African South African 韩国 South Korea Korean Korean 西班牙 Spain Spanish Spanish 瑞典 Sweden Swedish Swedish 瑞士 Switzerland Swiss Swiss 泰国 Thailand Thai Thai 土耳其 Turkey Turk Turkish 美国 U.S.A.‎ American American 越南 Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnamese