精品高考英语词汇练习及详解

精品高考英语词汇练习及详解

‎2010高考英语词汇练习及详解（3）‎ ‎101. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _____ in giving the class lectures.    A. exchange    B. alter    C. shift    D. alternate ‎[答案]D. alternate. [注释]alternate vt./vi. 轮流，交替发生或出现：Wet days alternate with fine days.(晴雨天交替更迭。)The weather today will alternate between fine and cloudy.(今天的天气将是晴间多云。) shift般动，移动（vt.）；转移到，迁移（vi.）；改变：1)Lend me a hand to shift the piano, will you?(请帮个忙搬一下这台钢琴。) 2)They have shifted away from this area.(他们已从这一地区迁走了。) 3)The candidate is constantly shifting his opinion about the problem.(这位竞选者在这个问题上不断改变他的观点。) exchange交换；exchange... for ... 用.......换......；alter(部分)修改。‎ ‎102. Pack the cake in a strong box, or it might get _____ in the post.    A. splashed    B. spilt    C. crushed    D. crashed ‎[答案]C. crushed. [注释]crush压坏，压碎；弄皱；辗散；1)Don't crush this box; there are flowers inside.(不要把这个盒子压坏了，里面有鲜花。) 2)Her dress was crushed.(她的衣服弄皱了。) 3)The machine crushes wheat grain to make floor.(这台机器把麦粒辗成面粉。) splash溅，泼；split(中间)裂开；crash(向下)猛跌；（飞机）失事。‎ ‎103. The thief _____ the papers all over the room while he was searching.    A. abandoned    B. vanished    C. scattered    D. deserted ‎[答案]C. scattered. [注释]scatter(=throw or put in various directions, or here and there)撒。 abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃（而离开）。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。‎ ‎104. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _____.    A. facilities    B. appliances    C. instruments    D. equipment ‎[答案]B. appliances. [注释]electric appliances电器用具，facilities公用设备。equipment设备,装备，是集合名词，指“设备”的总称，只有当数形式。instrument仪器。‎ ‎105. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.    A. mirror    B. sight    C. reflection    D. shadow ‎[答案]C. reflection. [注释]reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。‎ ‎106. One _____ needed when making a cake is flour; another is sugar.    A. container    B. ingredient    C. content    D. equivalent ‎[答案]B. ingredient. [注释]ingredient(混合物的)成分。container容器，含量；内容（复数）。equivalent:相等物。‎ ‎107. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been _____.    A. behind the times    B. behind schedule    C. ahead of time      D. in no time ‎[答案]B. behind schedule. [注释]behind schedule(=late, behind time)晚点：The train is running behind schedule today.(=The train is not on time today.)behind the times(=using things not in style; still following old ways; old fashioned)过时，跟不上时代，落后：1)The store is behind the times.(=The store is old-fashioned; it looks as stores looked 40 years ago.) 2) Mary thinks her parents are behind the times because they still do the fox-trot and don't know any new dances.(=Mary's parents are old-fashioned in their dancings .) ahead of time提前： They have fulfilled their production plans ahead ‎ of time, in no time(=soon, quickly)立即，马上：I'll be back in no time to see you home.‎ ‎108. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to _____ him in his work.    A. hamper    B. support    C. assist    D. encourage ‎[答案]A. hamper. [注释]hamper(=hinder, prevent free movement or activity)阻碍：Lack of equipment is hampering our work. 本题译文：他们两人都认为他不怎么样并极力阻碍他工作。 Think highly of... 对...评价很高，认为......很好。‎ ‎109. Her display of bad temper completely _____ the party.    A. harmed    B. damaged    C. spoilt    D. hurt ‎[答案]C. spoilt. [注释]spoil指出意指“使...... 扫兴，搞糟”，如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.(争吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt伤害，damage 损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。‎ ‎110. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great _____.    A. emotion    B. excitement    C. crisis    D. stress ‎[答案]D. stress.   [注释]put sb. under(great) stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受（很大）压力。 111. The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too _____ for anyone to appreciate.    A. drastic    B. dull    C. obscure   D. distinct ‎[答案]C. obscure. [注释]obscure(=not clearly seen or understood)模糊难懂得。drastic激烈的，严厉的；dull单调的；distinct清楚的，明显的；截然不同的（from）。 本题译文：她提到她的朋友----诗人时所说的话是令人感兴趣，但没有说清楚，以致没有人为此感激。‎ ‎112. He _____ his engagement just before the wedding.    A. broke out    B. broke away from    C. broke off    D. broke up ‎[答案]C. broke off. [注释]break off(=cease suddenly, discontinue)突然中断；break off one's engagement(解除婚约)。Break off(=interrupt) one's conversation(打断谈话)。Break out(=begin suddenly)爆发。Break away from摆脱，从......退出。‎ ‎113. When she heard from the hospital that her father had died, she _____ into tears.    A. burst    B. went    C. exploded    D. fell ‎[答案]A. burst [注释]burst into tears放声大哭；又如：burst into thunderous cheers(发出雷呜般的欢呼)；burst into laughing(捧腹大笑)。‎ ‎114. Your help is _____ for the success of the project.    A. indispensable    B. indicative    C. inevitable       D. inherent ‎[答案]A. indispensable. [注释]indispensable(to, for)不可缺少的，必需的。Indicative(of)指示的。Inevitable 不可避免的。Inherent固有的，内在的，天生的。‎ ‎115. _____ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.    A. In spite of    B. But for    C. Because of    D. As for ‎[答案]B. But for [注释]but for(=without, except for)若非，要不是：But for your help we could not have finished it in time.(要不是你的帮助，我们本来不会及时完工。) 116. It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.    A. impression    B. comment    C. reaction    D. opinion ‎[答案]C. reaction. [注释]reaction(to)对......的反应：Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.‎ ‎117. Our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.    A. respectable    B. respected    C. respective    D. respectful ‎[答案]D. respectful. [注释]respectable(=deserving respect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showing respect to)有礼貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各个的。respected尊敬的。Respecting prep.(=relating to; concerned with)关于，说到。‎ ‎118. We could see that he was trying to _____ his own responsibility for the delay, instead of accepting his fault.    A. run over    B. smooth over    C. pass off    D. turn down ‎[答案]B. smooth over. [注释]smooth over(=make smooth, put right, balliate)使平息，使恢复正常的，掩饰：1)I will try to smooth their quarrel over.(我将设法平息他们的争吵。) 2)Don't try to smooth over your fault.（不要设法掩饰你的过错。） run over 详见Ⅲ.145,146.注释；pass off详见Ⅲ.126.注释；turn down详见Ⅲ.180,181.注释.‎ ‎119. Glemp's heroic flight into space entitled him _____ a place in history.    A. for    B. with    C. to    D. of ‎[答案]C. to. [注释]entitle sb. to sth.(=give a right to)给予权利： 1)He is entitled to special treatment because of his rank(由于他的级别他有权享受特殊待遇。) 2) Officers are entitled to travel first class.（军官们有权乘头等车旅行。）‎ ‎120. He's _____ drink and never does a stroke of work.    A. gone to    B. taken to    C. taken up    D. gone for ‎[答案]B. taken to. [注释]take to养成（某种习惯）。A stroke of一件。本题译文：他以成了酒徒，从来没有干过一件工作。 121. "Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?"          "Most of the fault lies _____ the administration."    A. in    B. to    C. on    D. with ‎[答案]D. with. [注释]lie with应由.......（承担责任）；（作出决定等）得靠...... 1)The responsibility lies with the driver.(责任应由这个司机承担。) 2)It lies with you to accept or reject he the proposal.(接受还是拒绝这项建议由你决定。) lie in在于： 1)The difficulty lies in their great poverty.(困难在于他们非常贫困。) 2)the solution lies in social and political reform.(解决方法在于社会政治改革。)‎ ‎122. People who live in a small village are bound to see a good _____ of each other.    A. sum    B. quantity    C. deal    D. amount ‎[答案]C. deal. [注释]see a good deal of each other 经常见面。‎ ‎123. Maria _____ missed the first train so as to travel on the same one as John.    A. deliberately    B. intensively    C. decisively      D. objectively ‎[答案]A. deliberately. [注释]deliberately(=on purpose, intentionally)故意地；存心地。‎ ‎124. They always kept on good _____ with their next-door neighbors for the children's sake.    A. friendship    B. relations    C. intentions    D. terms ‎[答案]D. terms. [注释]keep (be) on good terms with与......和睦相处。‎ ‎125. Do you think a wife should _____ her habits and tastes to those of her husband?    A. comply    B. confirm    C. consent    D. conform ‎[答案]D. conform. ‎ ‎[注释]conform vi遵守，符号：All the students must conform to the rules.(全体学生必须遵守规章。)conform sth. to sth. else(vt)使符合：He conformed the plans to the new specifications.(他使这些集合符合新规范。)      comply with遵守；confirm使坚定，确认，证实；consent (to)同意，赞同。 126. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent _____ to the ground.    A. crashing    B. throwing    C. rushing    D. dropping ‎[答案]A. crashing. [注释]crash(to the ground)猛跌（到地上）。Crash n. 常指飞机等的“失事”，如：He was killed in an aircraft crash.(他在飞机失事中丧生。)本句中用falling不妥，fall指“落下，掉下”，本身并不强调落下的速度，而crash使“猛跌”，故本题用crashing最佳。‎ ‎127. High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money.    A. discourage    B. decrease    C. disturb    D. disgust ‎[答案]A. discourage [注释]discourage sb. from doing sth.使认为某事不值得做：Tht wet weather discouraged people from going to the sports meeting.(下雨天使人觉得不值得去看运动会。)‎ ‎128. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.    A. equivalent    B. uniform    C. alike    D. likely ‎[答案]A. equivalent. [注释]equivalent相等的，相当的：He exchanged his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. uniform 相同的,一样的。Likely adj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表语形容词)相同的，相象的。‎ ‎129. The two things are the same in outward form but different _____.    A. in addition    B. in brief    C. in common    D. in essence ‎[答案]D. in essence. [注释]in essence本质上；in addition此外；in brief简短地，简言之；in common共同。‎ ‎130. _____ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.    A. By the way    B. In a way    C. In the way    D. In no way ‎[答案]B. In a way. [注释]in a way(-to some extent)在某种程度上；in no way决不；by the way 顺便提一下；in the way 碍事。此题不能选by the way，因为by the way 做插入语其后应加逗号。 本题译文：我没有得到我申请得工作在某种程度上说是件好事，尽管我承认当时我很失望。 131. _____ inviting guests and not treating them properly!    A. Strangely       B. Fantastically    C. Surprisingly    D. Fancy ‎[答案]D. Fancy. [注释]fancy doing 没想到.......竟然：1)Fancy your him!(没想到你竟然认识他！) 2)Fancy spending the day in here!(没想到竟在这里过了一天！) 本题译文：没想到邀请了客人竟没有好好招待！‎ ‎132. With sufficient scientific information a manned trip to Mars should be _____.    A. obtainable    B. potential    C. considerable    D. feasible ‎ [答案]D. feasible.‎ ‎[注释]feasible(=that can be done)可行的，可做到的：1)Your plan sounds quite feasible.(你的计划听起来很可行。) 2)It's not feasible to make the trip in one day.(一天内要进行这次旅行是做不到的。) obtainable可得到的；considerable相当的，可观的；potential潜在的，可能的。 133. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.    A. division    B. gap    C. separation    D. interval ‎[答案]B. gap. ‎ ‎[注释]generation gap 代沟。 division分，划分；separation分开；interval间隔，间隙；（幕间或工间）休息。at intervals 不时，时时 ‎134. If the boy had _____ the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him.    A. set    B. left    C. had    D. put ‎[答案]B. left. [注释]leave sb./sth. alone不惹，不管，不碰：Leave the box alone.(别碰那个盒子。)‎ ‎135. They were so far away that I couldn't _____ their faces clearly.    A. see through    B. make up    C. see off    D. make out ‎[答案]D. make out. [注释]make out(=identify and see with effort or difficulty)辨认出。 see through参阅Ⅲ，151,注释:此处see through还可表示“看穿......(=understand the real meaning of or reason for; realize the falseness of)”： 1)The teacher saw through the boy's story of having to help at home. (=The teacher knew his story was not true; it was just an excuse.) 2) He can't fool her. She sees him through every time. see off送行；make up构成，组成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装，编造：1)编造：John made up the joke about the talking dog. 2)弥补：Bob must make up the work he missed. 3)凑足： We need one more to make up the dozen. 4)化装： The actors were making up when we arrived. 5)构成：Nine players make up a team.‎ ‎136. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious _____  without scientific basis.    A. process    B. practice    C. procedure    D. program ‎ [答案]A. process. [注释]process(=connected series of actions, or series of operations) 过程：By what process is cloth made form wool?(经过什么过程羊毛织成呢料？)practice(=the doing of something of, performance or repeated exercise, etc.)实习，练习；开业: She is doing her practice at the piano.(她在练习弹钢琴。)procedure(=the regular order of doing things)程序：the usual procedure at a meeting(开会的通常程序)。Program(=plan of what is to be done or list of items or events)课程，计划，大纲：What is the program for tomorrow ?(明天上什么课?)‎ ‎137. I must go now. _____, if you want that book I'll bring it next time.    A. Incidentally    B. Accidentally    C. Occasionally    D. Subsequently ‎[答案]A. Incidentally. [注释]incidentally(=by the way)附带地，顺便：Fred said, incidentally, that he had no dinner.(顺便提一下，福来德那时说，他还没吃晚饭。)accidentally(=by chance)偶然地：I met with an old friend of mine accidentally last week.(上星期我偶然碰到一位老朋友。)occasionally (=from time to time, not regularly)不时地，偶尔：We get visitors here occasionally.(我们偶尔在此接游客。)subsequently(=afterwards, later) At first we thought we would go; but subsequently we learned we were needed at home.(起初,我们想离开；但随后我们得知家里需要我们。)‎ ‎138. A completely new situation is likely to _____ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.    A. arouse    B. rise    C. arise    D. abide ‎[答案]C. arise. [注释]arise(=come into being, appear, happen)产生，发生：Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(我们做这项工作时将会发生困难。) arouse 唤起，激起，唤醒；rise 上升;abide (by)遵守。 本题译文：当中学毕业年龄上升到16岁时，很可能产生完全新的情况。‎ ‎139. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis (肝炎).    A. diagnosed    B. determined    C. deduced   D. discovered ‎[答案]A. diagnosed. [注释]diagnose...as 把......诊断为......。 本题译文：玛丽的病现已诊断为肝炎。‎ ‎140. These continual _____ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.    A. alterations    B. vibrations    C. waves    D. fluctuations ‎[答案]D. fluctuations.   [注释]fluctuations波动；waves波浪；alterations(部分)改变，变更；vibrations(物理学上)振动。 141. All foreign visitors are requested to _____ with the regulations in this area.    A. agree    B. comply    C. consent    D. conform ‎[答案]B. comply. [注释]comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule, etc.)遵守：People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished.(拒绝遵守法律者将受到惩罚。)conform(to)使一致，符合；conform to rules符合规则；conform to the customs of society(遵从社会习俗)；consent to 同意，赞同；consent to a plan(赞同计划)。‎ ‎142. Thomas Edison considered genius to be _____ one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.    A. composed of     B. constituted in    C. consisted of    D. comprised in ‎[答案]A. composed of. [注释]be composed of由......组成。Consist of由......组成，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态，故不合题意。‎ ‎143. Although Lucy was slimming, she found cream cakes quite _____.    A. irregular     B. inevitable    C. incredible    D. irresistible ‎[答案] D. irresistible [注释]irresistible不可抵抗的，诱人的，1)I had a irresistible desire to run away,2)I can't refuse this offer; it is irresistible. Irregular 不规律的, 不合规则的：1)the trains from here are irregular.(这里发的火车是不规律的。) 2)These procedures are highly irregular.(这些程序是非常不合规矩的。) incredible 不可避免的，不可信的：1)Old superstitions are incredible to educated people.（旧的迷信对受过教育的人来说是不可信的。）2)His story of rescuing six drowning men is incredible.(他说他救了6个溺水者，这是难以置信的。) inevitable 不可避免的：1)Traffic delays are inevitable at a holiday weekend.（假日周末交通耽搁是难免的。）2)Pain is Inevitable when one breaks a bone.（骨折是疼痛是难避免的。） 本题译文：虽然露西正在减轻体重，但她觉得奶油蛋糕是诱人的。‎ ‎144. In order to _____ the rising production costs, the subscription rates have been increased.    A. add up to    B. look up to    C. cut short    D. keep up with ‎[答案]D. keep up with. [注释] keep up with跟上。参阅。88注释。Add up to参阅.2注释；cut short 详见.38;look up to(=admire, respect)赞美，尊敬：We look up to the old workers as our teacher.（我们把这位老工人尊为我们的老师。）本题中rates意为“价格，费用”。 本题译文：为了跟上生产成本的上升，预定费已提高。‎ ‎145. Your essay is quite good: just _____ it _____ with a few illustrations and quotations.    A. put .. up     B. touch .. up    C. cut .. out    D. write .. off ‎[答案]B. touch up. [注释] touch up(=improve or perfect by small additional strokes or alterations)润色，修饰：1)The last part of the article needs to be touched up.(这篇文章的最后一部分需要润色。) 2)He touched up the picture by strengthening and shadows.(他把画修饰了一下，使光明部分和阴暗部分的对比度更鲜明。) put up留宿；cut out 删掉；write off报销，勾消。 本题译文：你的文章很好；只要用些例证和引语修饰一下。‎ ‎146. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my ‎ examination.    A. regard    B. account    C. thought    D. observation ‎[答案]B. account. [注释] take sth. into account(=consider)考虑到：We must take local conditions into accoutn.‎ ‎147. There are three basic ways of _____ language to writing, and all known graphic systems use one or a combination of these.    A. committing    B. attaching    C. comparing    D. relating ‎[答案]A. committing. [注释] commit...to 托付，交付：1)He was committed to the care of his aunt.(他被托付给他的姨妈照管。) 2)I have already committed the rules to memory.(我早已记住这些规则了。) commit sth. to writing(把......写下来)。‎ ‎148. Roses are quite _____ flowers in English gardens.    A. ordinary    B. common    C. usual    D. general ‎ [答案]B. common. [注释]common(=usual and ordinary; happening of found often and in many places)普通的；常见的；常常发生的；到处可见的：a common experience(普通的经历)；a common tree(常见的树木)。This bird is common throughout Europe.(这种鸟在欧洲很常见。)They can treat most of the common diseases.(他们能治疗大多数常见病。) usual(=done, found, used or existing most of the time) 经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的；强调时间习惯方面，例如：This is the usual state of the house.(这房子里平常就是这种样子。) ordinary正常的，普通的，正常的；an ordinary day(平凡的一天)，ordinary people(普通人), a piece of ordinary dance music(一首普通的舞曲)。 General普通的。它与common比较，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意外。 可见本题中用common是最佳的选择。‎ ‎149. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.    A. ignored    B. refused    C. neglected    D. denied ‎[答案]D. denied. [注释] deny 1)否认：A. He didn't deny the facts. B. They couldn't deny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say 'no' to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不给予；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)‎ ‎150. On turning the corner, we saw the road _____ steeply.    A. departing    B. decreasing    C. descending    D. depressing ‎[答案]C. descending. [注释] descend(=come or go down)走下来；传下来：1)He descended from the top of the mountain. 2)Are men descended from apes?(人是不是猿的后代？) depress 压抑，使沮丧。Depart出发，起程。‎