2014高考英语第一轮复习完形填空考点归纳9页

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2014高考英语第一轮复习完形填空考点归纳9页

高考英语完形填空考点归纳 完形填空考点归纳 以下是对近十多年来高考完形填空难度变化的一点体会:‎ 高考考试说明对完形填空题型有以下规定:考生必须通篇考虑,掌握大意,综合运用所学的词汇和语法等知识,选择最佳答案。我认为难度变化总地来说,有以下两个特点:‎ 一、单纯的语法知识、固定搭配、惯用法、常用句型、词语辨异等趋于淡化。下面仅以词语辨异为例总结如下:‎ ‎1、night/evening ‎ night指the time of darkness between evening and morning;而evening 指the time between sunset and bedtime.‎ ‎2、know/learn/notice ‎ know知道;熟悉 learn 听说;认识到;了解 notice 注意到 ‎3、sound/cry/voice/shout/noise[来源:1]‎ sound 泛指各种声音 cry,voice,shout一般都指人的声音 noise 指噪音 ‎4、take place 预料中的发生;happen意料外的发生 ;occur 两者兼有 What happened to(became of)you?你发生了什么事?‎ ‎5、anxious/eager/worried/hurried/nervous anxious 渴望的(eager);担心的(worried )hurried匆忙的 nervous 神经紧张的 ‎6、admire/enjoy admire oneself自我欣赏 enjoy oneself玩得高兴 ‎7、fun/joke/trick ‎ fun和joke都有开玩笑之意,fun不可数,joke是可数名词、前面要加不定冠词 a play /a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑;a practical joke=a trick恶作剧;play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人。‎ ‎8、wonder/imagine/notice/examine wonder想知道 ;imagine想象; notice 注意到; examine 考查 ‎9、way/means/method means[常用作单]方法;手段,工具; a means to an ‎ end达到目的方法;method方法、办法,与way 可以替换使用。‎ ‎10、path/road/way path 小路;人行道 road公路 way 道路 the way to the station ‎11、idea/opinion/suggestion/advice/tip idea 主意;意见 opinion 意见;见解 suggestion可数 advice不可数 tip n.告诫,提示;劝告 ‎12、examine/check/search ‎ examine 检查;诊察;审查,目的在于想了解有关的情况;check核实,检查,目的在于判断正误或是否正常;search搜查 ‎13、usual/spare修饰 ‎ usual惯常的,平常的 spare空闲的(free)‎ ‎14、instead/however都作副词时,instead"而是"含有某种对比,however"可是""仍然"含有"转折""让步"的意思。‎ ‎15、lost/missing/gone都可表示"丢失""不见了"[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]‎ lost可作定语;用被动语态;missing和gone一般作表语 ‎16、pour/drop ‎ pour倒,灌;drop 使滴下,使落下 ‎17、admire/inspire/support admire钦佩 inspire鼓舞 support 支持 ‎18、courage/spirit/strength courage勇气 spirit 精神 strength力气 ‎19、journey/travel/trip journey长途旅行 travel广义的旅行 trip旅行(一次来回)a round trip ‎ ‎20、common/ordinary/usual/average/regular/normal common 公用的;普通的 ordinary普通的;平凡的 usual 平常的;惯常的(as usual)average平均的;普通的;平常的(an article of average quality 普通产品)regular 固定的;有规律的(the regular people生活有规律的人)normal 正常的(return to normal恢复正常)‎ ‎21、develop/become develop vt.养成;形成(form) ‎ become 变成(grow, turn, get等)连系动词 ‎22、cheat/lie ‎ cheat作弊 lie 说谎 ‎23、small change零钱 extra change 多给的零钱 ‎24、walk/step/march walk走、步行 step 跨,踏 march(齐步)前进、行进、行军、游行 ‎25、out of step 步调不一致 out of order 不整齐,出故障 ‎26、out of sight, out of mind(谚语)眼不见,心不想 ‎27、suffering 苦难 trouble麻烦 difficulty困难 danger危险 ‎28、remain/last[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]‎ remain 保持,仍然 系动词 last 延续,持续 ‎29、disturb/bother/trouble/interrupt bother one's head(或brains)about … 为……费脑筋 what troubles me most is… 使我极不安的是……‎ disturb 打扰,扰乱,妨碍 interrupt 打断,打扰 Don't bother to care about others' matter.不要费心去管别人的事。‎ ‎30、possible 可能的 probable 较可能的 likely 很有可能的 ‎31、exercise 锻炼;练习 practice练习训练(业余的)training训练(专业性强)‎ 理解高考完形填空难度变化总结(2)‎ 二、灵活的词汇意义以及上下文乃至全篇文章内容的理解等更加强化。下面仅以一些常用词在具体的上下文语境中的词义变化为例:‎ ‎1、opposite the window ‎2、sit still(still a.静止的,静寂的adv. 静止地)‎ the still smoking pistol ‎3、over one's shoulder ‎4、send children to bed(打发)孩子们上床睡觉 ‎5、have(play, act)a part 参与……;起……作用 ‎6、miss one's part miss a step (miss v.错过;失去)‎ ‎7、The medicine didn't work (work v.(使)工作;(使)运转;起作用)‎ ‎8、make(the)tea 沏茶,泡茶 ‎9、go to one's place(固定或指定的)位置,座位,席位 ‎10、None of your excuse! =Don't give me your excuse!‎ ‎11、speak for oneself=in one's personal opinion ‎12、pick up sb 接某人;give sb. a lift用车接某人 ‎13、look out for 注意 ‎14、be meant for=be intended for 打算使……成为 ‎15、papers 报纸;试卷;论文;文件;契约;借据等 ‎16、stand n.货摊 vt.容忍,忍受(bear=put up with)‎ ‎17、button(扣住)one's coat=do up(束起,收拾齐整,包好)the buttons of one's coat ‎18、get a very good idea of=be familiar with…‎ ‎19、call up=remind sb. of…‎ ‎20、share many experience=have many experience in common ‎21、in this respect(way)‎ ‎22、introduce sb. to sth. 把某事介绍给某人 ‎23、explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 ‎24、help oneself to 擅自带走;自用 ‎25、It won't hurt to take an umbrella with you.带把伞去总没有坏处。‎ ‎26、pick up ‎(1)He slipped and fell, but quickly picked himself up.(跌倒后)使(自己)爬起。‎ ‎(2)pick up a wallet 拾起、捡起 ‎(3)pick up some knowledge of physics(偶然地,无意地)获得(收益、生计、知识、消息)等 ‎(4)pick up a foreign language(未经听课等)学会外语 ‎(5)pick up a girl(非经正式介绍)随便地结识(常指异性)‎ ‎(6)pick up the programme(依靠探照灯、雷达等)测知看到(在无线电里)听到 ‎(7)pick up passengers(goods)(车辆等)中途搭(人)中途带(货)‎ ‎(8)pick up one's courage (恢复精神;恢复健康)He is beginning to pick up. ‎ ‎(9)The train picked up speed. 加速 ‎ ‎(10)pick up a room 收拾,整理 ‎(11)pick up a criminal 逮住(罪犯)‎ ‎(12)pick up the subject 重提(话题)‎ 总之,做完形填空题,了其大意,先易后难,瞻前顾后,通过直接暗示、间接暗示,前、后暗示,层次、段落暗示,逻辑、推断暗示做题是非常关键的。当然,更重要的是扩大阅读面,增加阅读量,积累语言经验,培养语感能力。望大家反复认真阅读,对提高解答完形填空的能力大有裨益。[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ 分析高考题:‎ 文章的题目Surfing:It's Not Just for Boys Anymore明显地告诉我们,本文是关于女孩子对冲浪运动的看法,而且提出了一个很鲜明的观点:冲浪运动并不再是男孩子的专利!女孩子也能做,而且会有所成就。‎ Surfing: It's Not Just for Boys Anymore ‎ If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would __1__: surfing(冲浪运动). But isn't that a boy thing? Some people __2__. Most certainly not.‎ ‎ I started surfing about five years ago and__3__in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding that first __4__ was the best feeling I had ever experienced.‎ ‎ When I try to __5__ surfing with other things, I find it very difficult because, in my __6__, there's nothing like it. It involves(牵涉到)body, __7__, and soul. There's sand between my toes and cool, salt water all __8__ us. The feeling I get when I'm surfing across that __9__, becoming one with the__10__, is like I'm weightless.‎ ‎1. A. tell B. answer C. give D. realize ‎2. A. wonder B. understand C. reply D. believe ‎3. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell ‎4. A. wave B. storm C. sail D. boat ‎5. A. bring B. connect C. compare D. tie ‎6. A. work B. study C. holiday D. life ‎7. A. mind B. effort C. health D. time ‎8. A. along B. above C. around D. by ‎9. A. beach B. water C. board D. lake ‎10. A. sky B. world C. earth D. ocean 解题分析:‎ ‎1. B前后照应逻辑推理 词义比较:如果你询问高中的女生们她们最喜欢的体育运动的名字,她们不是告诉(tell),给予(give),意识到(realize),而是回答(answer)你询问的问题。‎ ‎2. A常识运用逻辑推理 词义比较:先看语境:前一句的意思是"但是它难道不是男孩子的事情吗?(意思是:这是男孩子的事情。)";后一句的意思是"大多数人当然不……",由社会的实际情况和这两句的意思可以判断出,只是有一部分人(不太多)对此问题(前一句)不理解(understand),不相信(believe),不能作出回答(reply),而纳闷、惊奇(wonder),持怀疑态度,而大多数人却肯定地认为:冲浪运动是男孩子的事情。‎ ‎3. D固定搭配:fall/be in love with…爱上……,是固定结构,其它选项没有这种搭配形式。‎ ‎4. A 常识运用:因为文章是在谈论冲浪运动,冲上第一个浪(wave)去是我经历过的最佳感受,而不是暴风雨(storm)、航海(sail)或船(boat)。‎ ‎5. C固定搭配 词义比较:作者想把冲浪运动和其他运动进行比较(compare)。connect with连接,联络,将……连起来;compare with与……比较;tie up with和……联系一起;bring带来,引起,通常不与with连用。‎ ‎6. D逻辑推理 常识运用:作者把冲浪运动当作了它的生活(life)的组成部分,她不仅仅只是在假期(holiday)里冲浪,当然工作(work)和学习(study)也不能耽误。in my life是"在我的生活中"。‎ ‎7. A常识运用 词义比较:冲浪运动涉及到身体,智力、智慧(mind)和心灵、精神诸方面,这三个方面共同组成人的身心发展因素。‎ ‎8. C常识运用 逻辑推理:在海洋里进行冲浪运动,身体的沿线(along),上面(above),旁边(by),而且身体的四周(around)都是凉爽的咸水。‎ ‎9. B常识运用 逻辑推理:冲浪运动可能要经过沙滩(beach),有可能是在湖(lake)里,但它主要还是脚踏冲浪板(board)在水(water)面上进行。‎ ‎10. D常识运用 逻辑推理:冲浪运动是在大海、大洋中进行的,就有和海洋(ocean)融为一体的感觉。‎ ‎【模拟试题】‎ ‎ The one thing I can __1__ from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge(挑战). You can never be the "best suffer" because the ocean __2__ an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of surfing styles are wonderful. Some suffers are free and flowing; others are very aggressive(活跃有力的)and __3__. All of these things attract me to surfing and make it __4__ from any other sport.‎ ‎ I've __5__ to tell every girl I know to do something that people don't think girls can do. It's part of being human to advance to new __6__, so shouldn't it be expected that girls should step up and start __7__ the limits of things boys and men used to dominate(主宰)?‎ ‎ There're women __8__ side by side with the President of our country, so why not side by side with the boys __9__ the football team or out in the water surfing? Give girls a chance to __10__, and they will.‎ ‎1. A. take B. get C. make D. keep ‎2. A. catches B. includes C. offers D. collects ‎3. A. sharp B. great C. hard D. calm ‎4. A. known B. right C. far D. different ‎5. A. chosen B. tried C. learned D. promised ‎6. A. levels B. points C. steps D. parts ‎7. A. reaching B. accepting C. pushing D. setting ‎8. A. sitting B. walking C. fighting D. working ‎9. A. of B. from C. on D. with ‎10. A. think B. succeed C. perform D. feel ‎[参考答案][来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]‎ ‎1. B:作者不是从其他运动,而是从冲浪运动中获得(get)了无止境的挑战的体会。再则,前文The feeling I get when I'm surfing across that water,becoming one with the ocean也有暗示。take from减少,降低;get from从……得到;make from由……制造; keep from阻止,隐瞒,抑制。‎ ‎2. C你永远也不会是最好的冲浪手,因为大洋呈现、提供(offer)的是任何人都控制不了的、数不尽的、各种各样的海浪。catch抓住,捕获;include包括,包含;offer提供;collect收集,聚集。‎ ‎3. A有些冲浪手自由自在、娴熟流畅,有些冲浪手则活跃有力、生机勃勃。注意这两个句子的并列关系,应该特别注意free 和 flowing之间词义的顺承和协调"自由而流畅",后句的aggressive and__3__也应该是这样一种意义联系,故选择A,sharp可以表示"精明敏捷的,迅速活泼,有力有为"意思,其它三项在意义上与aggressive的顺承和协调相距甚远。‎ ‎4. D所有的这些都在吸引着我去冲浪,并使之不同于(different)其他运动。注意此段第一句The one thing I can get from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge.也有所暗示。(be)different from和……不同。(be)far from远离,远非;known和right通常不与from搭配。 ‎ ‎5. B我尽力(try)地劝我所认识的每一个女孩去做人们认为女孩不能做的事情。choose选择、挑选;try试图、努力;learn学习;promise答应、许诺。‎ ‎6. A朝着新的水平(level)不断前进是人类活动的组成部分。level水平,水准,标准,级别;point 点,尖端;step步调,步伐,步骤,措施;part 部分,局部。‎ ‎7. C所以女孩子们难道不应当拾级而上,开始冲破(push)男人们过去主宰的事物的极限吗?reach到达,伸出;accept 接受,认可;push突出,突破攻击;set ‎ 放置,树立,调整。‎ ‎8. D在我们国家有女性和总统不仅仅一起坐(sit),步行(walk),战斗(fight),而且并肩工作(work)着。同时注意句子的一般现在时意义特征,表示经常性的行为。‎ ‎9. C所以为什么女孩子不能够肩并肩地与男孩子一起踢足球,外出一起冲浪呢?介词on表示"在……供职"、"(是)……的成员",on the football team的意思是"是/成为足球队队员"。‎ ‎10. B给女孩子一个获得成功(succeed)的机会,让她们思考(think),感觉(feel)表演(perform),她们就都会有所成就。‎
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