2019高考英语北京四中二轮练习资料：阅读理解04含解析

2019高考英语北京四中二轮练习资料：阅读理解04含解析

2019 高考英语北京四中二轮练习资料：阅读理解 04 含解析 (十) A (2017·湖北卷，A) Honesty，my mum always used to tell me，is the best policy.Of course，this didn't include her when she told me that if I didn't eat all my vegetables Father Christmas would find out and wouldn't give me any presents. But when it comes to medicine，I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients.After all ， the doctor­patient relationship is based on trust ， and therefore honesty is essential. Or so I thought. I had just started working in geriatrics (老年病科)．Mr.McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen.I took a medical history from his daughter who'd accompanied him in the ambulance.She'd been his main carer for years.I stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history.“Has he lost any weight recently？” I asked，“Well，it's funny you should mention that， but yes，” she said slowly.There was silence for a few moments.“Why? What are you worried about？” she asked，I hesitated.She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told her the truth.“Well，we need to prove it's not cancer.” I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order. Half an hour later，a nurse called me: “Mr.McMahon's daughter broke down—she said you told her he had cancer.” My heart sank.By the time I arrived at the ward，my consultant was already there ， explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer.I stood silently at the end of the bed.My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr.McMahon，she turned to me.“Why on earth did you do that？” she asked in disbelief.I looked at her and bit my lip.“She asked me what I was worried about and I told her.” I said ， hanging_my_head.“And give her more to worry about ？ ” replied my consultant.“You don't say the word ‘cancer’ until it's confirmed.Even if you suspect it，think very carefully before you tell people.” As it turned out，it wasn't cancer.But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in what they hear—and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this.In being truthful，I'd made the situation worse. 原本在一位医生的心目中，诚实是第一位的；而且在工作中也是奉行诚实本分的处世原 则。可是因为一次说了不够确切的实话，却让一位病人受到了打击，这件事让这位医生得出 了一个结论：诚实有时候也会出错。 1．The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that the author ________. A．misunderstood the doctor­patient relationship B．was anxious to receive Christmas gifts C．regarded honesty as the best policy D．had an unhealthy eating habit 答案：C。作者意图题。从两个段落的第一句话，字里行间“the best”“important”都透露 出作者对于 honesty 的看法。 2．The author's consultant was angry with him because ________. A．he told the daughter what he suspected B．he delayed running the necessary tests C．he failed to confirm the patient's disease D．he forgot what the consultant had advised 答案：A。细节判断题。第四段的开头已经说明因为我的一番话，以及本段落的最后一 句话也可以读出正是因为我的不假思索，让病人受到了打击，故 consultant 对我不满与气愤， 应选 A。 3 ． The author hung his head (the underlined part in Para.4) because he was feeling ________. A．guilty B．hurt C．disappointed D．helpless 答案：A。细节判断题。guilty 意为：罪过感，羞愧，与划线部分“耷拉了脑袋”在语 境上非常符合。 4．What lesson has the author learnt from his experience? A．Learning from parents is necessary. B．Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous. C．Telling the truth may not always be the best solution. D．Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy. 答案：C。理解判断题。文章的最后一句话，正说明了作者的体会与结论：有时候，诚 实不受欢迎。应选 C。 B (2017·重庆卷，D) William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13,1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry. Yeats had strong faith in the coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s.His early theatrical experiments，however， were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn't lose heart，and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama. Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats's poems attract much admiring notice.The subject matter includes love，nature，history，time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition. He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Prize in 1923.Yet ， he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40，he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats's death in 1939, W．H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines： Earth，receive an honoured guest： William Yeats is laid to rest. Let the Irish vessel (船) lie Emptied of its poetry. 本文介绍了爱尔兰著名作家威廉·巴特勒叶慈，他在 19 世纪 90 年代成立了爱尔兰国家 剧院，他以诗体戏剧及诗歌闻名，于 1923 年获得了诺贝尔奖。 5．Which of the following can describe Yeats's family? A．It filled Yeats's childhood with laughter. B．It was shocked by Yeats's choice. C．It was a typically wealthy family. D．It had an artistic atmosphere. 答案：D。细节理解题。根据短文第一段倒数第二句话可知：他从家人那儿继承了很好 的艺术鉴赏能力，他的父亲和哥哥都是画家，证明他是在一个有艺术氛围的家庭中长大。 6．According to the passage，what do we know about Yeats's life? A．Yeats founded the first Irish theater. B．Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry. C．Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s. D．Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize. 答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第二句话“He set himself...theatre in the late 1890s.”可知 A 项不对。根据第三段第三句话“Though Yeats...to them”可知，B 项不对。根据 第三段最后一句话可知，D 项不对。由此可知 C 项正确。 7．What kind of feeling is expressed in W．H.Auden's lines? A．Envy. B．Sympathy. C．Emptiness. D．Admiration. 答案：D。推理判断题。envy 忌妒；sympathy 同情；emptiness 空虚；admiration 敬佩， 钦佩。Auden 的诗词中有 honored guest，最尊敬的客人，可知 Auden 是敬佩叶慈的。 8．What is the passage mainly about? A. Yeats's literary achievements. B. Yeats's historical influence. C. Yeats's artistic ambition. D. Yeats's national honor. 答案：A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述作家叶慈在文学方面所取得的成绩，他的诗体戏 剧获得了很大的成功，他的诗歌赢得了广泛的认可，1923 年，他获得了诺贝尔文学奖。 C (2017·四川卷，C) The multi­million pound new Library of Birmingham(LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化)of everyday life. Set to open in 2018, the ￡ 188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment. As digital media(媒介)is important to its_idea,_the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies. Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning：“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24­hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.” The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public. Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚 拟 的 )LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. Two other small Birmingham­based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The People's Archice is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material. Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the library's content and services open to citizens as never before.” 投资数百万英镑的伯明翰新建图书馆将会是目前很有代表性的数字化图书馆，在这样的 图书馆，人们将会体验新的阅览工具，并且能够真正做图书馆的主人，即：能够参与图书内 容的增补与建议。 9．The underlined part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of ________. A．the equipment B．the project C．the digital media D．the physical library 答案：B。词义猜测题。根据下一句话的信息词“the project is already providing...”可以断 定此处的代词 its 指的就是 the project。 10．While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can ________. A．get a general idea of the LoB B．meet many world­famous experts C．learn how to put up a library building D．understand how the specialists work on the project 答案：A。细节判断题。在倒数第三段中，信息句“Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB...”可以给以提示：即：公众可以很好地了解 LoB 的具体情况，即同选项 A 所 说的一样。 11．Which of the following is TRUE of the LoB when it opens? a．It offers better learning tools. b．It reaches users in different ways. c．It provides users with smart phones. d．It allows users to enrich its material. e．It gives non­stop physical and digital services. A．a，b，d B．a，c，e C．b，c，d D．b，d，e 答案：A。细节判断题。 在文章的第三段中提到这样“right tools for learning”“used through many different ways ”以及倒数第二段的最后“add to and comment on the material”都说明了关 于开放时的 LoB 的情况，即同选项 A。 12．The text is most probably taken from ________. A．a computer book B．a library guide C．a project handbook D．a newspaper report 答案：D。文章出处判断题。既然是针对于公众的信息，应该是面对普通公众，即选择 最大众化的媒体，即新闻报道。 D (2017·陕西卷，D) Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转 基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world ， mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would，is it the best solution? Despite what it promises ， GM technology actually has not increased the production potential( 潜 力 )of any crop. In fact studies show that the most widely grown GM crop, GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production. Something else, however, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true，” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition. At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2017 World Bank report. As a matter of fact，scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice. 主要讲转基因技术并不是解决世界饥饿问题最好的方式。 13．The author develops the second paragraph mainly________. A. by classification B. by comparison C. by example D. by process 答案：C。写作手法题中的段落行文题。根据第二段第三行的 for instance(例如)可知，C 项(by example 通过举例)正确，排除 by classification“通过分类”/by comparison“通过类 比”/by process“根据事物发展流程”。 14．What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean? A. Control. B. Evaluate. C. Obtain. D. Increase. 答案：D。词义猜测题。 control 控制；evaluate 评估，评价；obtain 获得；increase 增 加，提高，根据前后文可知，boost 在此相当于 increase(增加生产量)。 15．GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from________. A. practising “green” farming B. use of less chemicals C. fair distribution of their crops D. using more crops for fuel 答案：B。事实细节题。通过题干中 promise 和 benefit from 分别定位到文章第三段第 二行和第四行引号部分就可选出答案。 16．Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology? A. Optimistic. B. Defensive. C. Disapproving. D. Casual. 答案：C。态度观点题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲转基因技术并不是解决世界饥饿问 题最好的方式。A 乐观的；B 保护的；C 不赞成的；D 随便的，漫不经心的。显然 C 项是作 者对于转基因技术的态度。 E (2017·安徽卷，E) George Prochnik would like the world to_put_a_sock_in_it. He makes his case in a new book, listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)： “We've become so accustomed to noise, there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it's never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.” “We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds becomes a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono (和服)brushing against the floor.” “Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language，they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking( 开 裂 声 ). It's astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ” 我们生活在一个充满噪音的世界里，并且习以为常。但让我们安静下来倾听吧，我们会 发现世界是更加美好的，这对我们是有益的。 17. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. To be quiet. B. To be colorful. C. To be full of love. D. To be attentive to someone. 答案：A。词义猜测题。由下文内容可知，George Prochnik 认为人们习惯了周围噪音的 存在，但却没有意识到安静的环境对人们是有益的，故画线部分点出了他的观点，即希望世 界是安静的。 18. What does Prochnik say about us? A. We are used to quietnesss. B. We have to put up with noise. C. We do not think silence to be beneficial. D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available. 答案：C。细节理解题。由第二段第一句话可知，我们习惯了噪音的存在，因而对安静 对人们有益这一说法有很深的偏见，故 C 项正确。 19. Which of the following is TRUE according to Prochnik? A. We need more sounds in our lives. B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf. C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is. D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony. 答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，聋哑人能专注于周围的环境，这一点 是我们有听力的人应该向他们学习的，因此，如果我们能摆脱周围的噪音的话，我们就会意 识到周围的世界是多么的丰富多彩。 20. It can be inferred from the text that ________. A. we can benefit a lot from old people B. it is a good idea to use sign language C. there is no escape from the world of sound D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound 答案：D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 It's astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知，当我们能真正聆听大自然的各种声音的时候，我们就会发现周围 的世界是美好的。 ***************************************************结束 C4[2018·福建卷] C Finally, a cell phone That's…a phone With rates as low as $3.75 per week! “Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a “global­positioning”something or other that's supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't much help.They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive…and the contract( 合 同 )lasted for two years! I'd almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch…with a phone I can actually use.” Affordable plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign(签订)! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign—so I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US­based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country. Monthly Minutes 50 100 Monthly Rate $14.99 $19.99 911 Access FREE FREE Long Distance Calls No additional charge No additional charge Friendly Return Policy 30 days 30 days Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order.Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. 63．What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone? A．Being stuck by the highway. B．Being urged by his grandkids. C．Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons. D．Being attracted by the friendly return policy. 64．On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about ________. A．$3.75 B．$4.99 C．$14.99 D．$19.99 65．An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is ________. A．its discount price with a free gift B．its reasonable rate plans without a contract C．its “global­positioning” system with 911 access D．its good customer service all over the world 66．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell a customer's story of Jitterbug B．provide two ways to order Jitterbug C．give a brief introduction of Jitterbug D．attract potential customers to Jitterbug 【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文。即是一篇手机广告。 63. A　细节理解题。从第一段“the last straw was when my car broke down”可知答案。 the last straw 意为“导火线”。 64. B　细节理解题。该题要注意题干的“weekly”，从表格中可知，每 100 分钟每月 价格为$19.99，则每星期价格为$4.99。 65. B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知答案。A 选项中的 discount price 文中未提及， D 选项中的 all over the world 错误。 66. D　推理判断题。根据文章对手机的介绍及最后两段的购买优惠和售后服务的 描述可知答案。 *********************************************************结束 C4[2018·北京卷] A The Basics of Math—Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数)and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America”， is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learner­friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make­up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. 56．What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A．Algebra. B．College Mathematics. C．Arithmetic. D．Mathematics Education. 57．What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A．Stronger imaginative ability. B．Additional presentation skills. C．More mathematical confidence. D．Greater chances of becoming teachers. 58．What can we learn about Professor H．Siegel? A．He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B．He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C．He works in Georgia State University. D．He specializes in training teachers. 59．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A lesson plan. D．An advertisement. 【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲 人等方面做了详细说明，是一则招生广告。 56. C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知此题答案为 C。 57. C　细节理解题。此题考查课程的功能作用。第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能 作用。只有 C 项为本段中讲述的。其他项均未涉及。 58. B　推理判断题。此题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。文中只说明他是被 Kentucky Educational Television 评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲 师；文中也谈到他在 Georgia State University 取得博士学位，而他是在 Central Arizona College 教数学。他的课是为 future primary school teachers 做准备，而不是直接培训教师。本文只谈 到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。结合第一段数学课程是由 30 个讲座构成，所以 选 B。 59. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段 “If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.”可知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。所以选 D。 ******************************************************结束